Circuit board assembly of a multiple viewing elements endoscope

ABSTRACT

There is provided herein, an electronic circuit board assembly for a tip section of a multiple viewing elements endoscope, the assembly including a base board configured to carry a first metal frame to support a front looking viewing element and a second metal frame to support a side looking viewing element; and a flexible illumination circuit board comprising a front foldable panel configured to carry three sets of front illuminators for essentially illuminating the field of view (FOV) of the front looking viewing element, and a side foldable panel configured to carry a set of side illuminators for essentially illuminating the field of view (FOV) of the side looking viewing element.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/318,249, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, which relies on, for priority, thefollowing United States Provisional Patent Applications, which are alsoherein incorporated by reference in their entirety:

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/841,863, entitled “CircuitBoard Assembly of a Multi Viewing Elements Endoscope” and filed on Jul.1, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/897,896, entitled “CircuitBoard Assembly of a Multi Viewing Elements Endoscope” and filed on Oct.31, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/925,080, entitled “CircuitBoard Assembly of a Multi Viewing Elements Endoscope” and filed on Jan.8, 2014;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/881,661, entitled “CircuitBoard Assembly of An Endoscope” and filed on Sep. 24, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/899,465, entitled“Illuminator Circuit Board Assembly of An Endoscope” and filed on Nov.4, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/910,863, entitled “Multi-JetEndoscope” and filed on Dec. 2, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/926,732, entitled “Multi-JetEndoscope” and filed on Jan. 13, 2014;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/935,647, entitled “CircuitBoard Assembly of An Endoscope” and filed on Feb. 4, 2014;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/936,562, entitled “Method andSystem for Video Processing In A Multi-Viewing Element Endoscope” andfiled on Feb. 6, 2014;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/948,009, entitled “Manifoldfor Multi-Viewing Element Endoscope” and filed on Mar. 4, 2014;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/950,696, entitled “ServiceChannel Connector of An Endoscope” and filed on Mar. 10, 2014;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/968,436, entitled “System forConnecting and Disconnecting A Main Connector and A Main Control Unit ofAn Endoscope” and filed on Mar. 21, 2014; and

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/987,984, entitled “CircuitBoard Assembly of An Endoscope” and filed on May 2, 2014.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,249, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, isalso a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/984,028, entitled “Multi-Element Cover for a Multi-CameraEndoscope” and filed on Aug. 22, 2013, which is a 371 National StageEntry of PCT Application Number PCT/IL2012/050037, of the same title andfiled on Feb. 6, 2012, which, in turn, relies upon U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 61/439,948, filed on Feb. 7, 2011, for priority,and is herein incorporated by reference.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,249, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, isalso a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/992,021, entitled “Fluid Channeling Component of a Multi-CameraEndoscope” and filed on Jun. 6, 2013, which is a 371 National StageEntry of PCT Application Number PCT/IL2011/050050, entitled “FlexibleElectronic Circuit Board Multi-Camera Endoscope” and filed on Dec. 8,2011, which, in turn, relies upon U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 61/421,240, filed on Dec. 9, 2010, for priority, and is hereinincorporated by reference.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,249, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, isalso a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/992,014, entitled “Flexible Electronic Circuit Board for aMulti-Camera Endoscope” and filed on Jun. 6, 2013, which is a 371National Stage Entry of PCT Application Number PCT/IL2011/050049, of thesame title and filed on Dec. 8, 2011, which, in turn, relies upon U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/421,238, filed on Dec. 9, 2010,for priority, and is herein incorporated by reference.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,249, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, isalso a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/882,004, entitled “Optical Systems for Multi-Sensor Endoscopes”and filed on May 23, 2013, which is a 371 National Stage Entry of PCTApplication Number PCT/IL2011/000832, of the same title and filed onOct. 27, 2011, which, in turn, relies upon U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/407,495, filed on Oct. 28, 2010, for priority, and isherein incorporated by reference.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,249, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, isalso a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/822,908, entitled “Multi-Camera Endoscope Having Fluid Channels”and filed on Mar. 13, 2013, which is a 371 National Stage Entry of PCTApplication Number PCT/IL2011/000745, of the same title and filed onSep. 20, 2011, which, in turn, relies upon U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/384,354, filed on Sep. 20, 2010, for priority, and isherein incorporated by reference.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,249, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, isalso a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/713,449, entitled “Removable Tip Endoscope” and filed on Dec. 13,2012, which, in turn, relies upon U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 61/569,796, of the same title and filed on Dec. 13, 2011, forpriority, and is herein incorporated by reference.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,249, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, isalso a continuation-in-part application of the following United StatesPatent Applications, which are herein incorporated by reference in theirentirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/655,120, entitled “Multi-CameraEndoscope” and filed on Oct. 18, 2012;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/212,627, entitled “Multi-ViewingElement Endoscope” and filed on Aug. 18, 2011; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/190,968, entitled “Multi-CameraEndoscope” and filed on Jul. 26, 2011, all of which arecontinuation-in-part applications of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/119,032, entitled “Multi-Camera Endoscope” and filed on Jul. 15,2011, which is a 371 National Stage Entry of PCT Application NumberPCT/IL2010/000476, of the same title and filed on Jun. 16, 2010, which,in turn, relies upon U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/218,085,filed on Jun. 18, 2009, for priority.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,249, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, isalso a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/413,252, entitled “Multi Camera Endoscope Assembly HavingMultiple Working Channels” and filed on Mar. 6, 2012, which, in turn,relies upon U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/449,746, of thesame title and filed on Mar. 7, 2011, for priority, and is hereinincorporated by reference.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,249, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, isalso a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/413,141, entitled “Multi Camera Endoscope Having a Side ServiceChannel” and filed on Mar. 6, 2012, which, in turn, relies upon U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/449,743, of the same title andfiled on Mar. 7, 2011, for priority, and is herein incorporated byreference.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,249, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, isalso a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/413,059, entitled “Endoscope Circuit Board Assembly” and filed onMar. 6, 2012, which, in turn, relies upon U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/449,741, of the same title and filed on Mar. 7, 2011,for priority, and is herein incorporated by reference.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,249, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, isalso a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/412,974, entitled “Camera Assembly for Medical Probes” and filedon Mar. 6, 2012, which, in turn, relies upon U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/449,739, of the same title and filed on Mar. 7, 2011,for priority, and is herein incorporated by reference.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/318,249, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, isalso related to the following United States Provisional PatentApplications:

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/806,065, entitled “MultiCamera, Multi Jet Endoscope Having Two Side Service Channels” and filedon Mar. 28, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/812,709, entitled “MultiCamera, Multi Jet Endoscope Having Two Side Service Channels” and filedon Apr. 16, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/817,237, entitled “Method andSystem for Video Processing in a Multi-Viewing Element Endoscope” andfiled on Apr. 29, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/820,100, entitled “ImageCapture Assembly for Use with Endoscope” and filed on May 6, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/821,579, entitled“Operational Interface in a Multi-Viewing Element Endoscope” and filedon May 9, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/822,563, entitled “Systemsand Methods of Displaying a Plurality of Contiguous Images with MinimalDistortion”, and filed on May 13, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/824,236, entitled“Multi-Viewing Endoscope” and filed on May 16, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/824,653, entitled “InterfaceUnit for Endoscopic System” and filed on May 17, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/824,863, entitled“Multi-Viewing Element Endoscope Having Two Front Service Channels” andfiled on May 17, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/828,039, entitled“Multi-Viewing Element Endoscope Having Two Front Service Channels” andfiled on May 28, 2013;

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/840,691, entitled“Multi-Viewing Element Endoscope With Modular Imaging Units” and filedon Jun. 28, 2013; and,

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/840,706, entitled “Multi-JetDistributor For An Endoscope” and filed on Jun. 28, 2013.

FIELD

The present specification relates generally to endoscopy systems andmore particularly, to a multiple viewing elements endoscopy system and,still more particularly, to a circuit board assembly that can beimplemented in a multiple viewing elements endoscopy system.

BACKGROUND

Endoscopes have attained great acceptance within the medical communitysince they provide a means for performing procedures with minimalpatient trauma while enabling the physician to view the internal anatomyof the patient. Over the years, numerous endoscopes have been developedand categorized according to specific applications, such as cystoscopy,colonoscopy, laparoscopy, upper GI endoscopy and others. Endoscopes maybe inserted into the body's natural orifices or through an incision inthe skin.

An endoscope is usually an elongated tubular shaft, rigid or flexible,having a video camera or a fiber optic lens assembly at its distal end.The shaft is connected to a handle which sometimes includes an ocularfor direct viewing. Viewing is also usually possible via an externalscreen. Various surgical tools may be inserted through a working channelin the endoscope for performing different surgical procedures.

Endoscopes, such as colonoscopes, that are currently being usedtypically have a front camera for viewing the internal organ, such asthe colon, an illuminator, a fluid injector for cleaning the camera lensand sometimes also the illuminator, and a working channel for insertionof surgical tools, for example, for removing polyps found in the colon.Often, endoscopes also have fluid injectors (“jet”) for cleaning a bodycavity, such as the colon, into which they are inserted. Theilluminators commonly used are fiber optics which transmit light,generated remotely, to the endoscope tip section. The use oflight-emitting diodes (LEDs) for illumination is also known.

Among the disadvantages of such endoscopes are their limited field ofview and their limited options for operating medical and surgical tools.

There is thus a need in the art for endoscopes, such as colonoscopes,that provide a broader field of view and allow extended access ofsurgical tools and also enable efficient packing of all necessaryelements in the tip section, while maintaining their functionality.

SUMMARY

The following embodiments and aspects thereof are described andillustrated in conjunction with systems, tools and methods, which aremeant to be exemplary and illustrative, not limiting in scope. Thepresent application discloses numerous embodiments.

The present specification discloses an electronic circuit board assemblyfor a tip section of a multi-viewing elements endoscope, the assemblycomprising: a base board; a first metal frame configured to receive asensor and a printed circuit board, wherein the first metal frame ispositioned at one end of the base board; a second metal frame configuredto receive a sensor and a printed circuit board, wherein said secondmetal frame is positioned adjacent to said first metal frame; a firstillumination circuit board comprising a curved panel, wherein saidcurved panel comprises at least two sets of front illuminators and ismounted on said base board proximate said first metal frame; and asecond illumination circuit board comprising a curved panel, whereinsaid curved panel comprises at least one set of side illuminators and ismounted on said base board proximate said second metal frame.

Optionally, the assembly may further comprise a front image sensor andfront printed circuit board, wherein said front image sensor and frontprinted circuit board are mounted on said first metal frame.

Still optionally, the assembly may further comprise a front lensassembly coupled to said first metal frame.

Optionally, the assembly may further comprise a side image sensor andside printed circuit board, wherein said side image sensor and sideprinted circuit board are mounted on said second metal frame.

Still optionally, the assembly may further comprise a side lens assemblycoupled to said second metal frame.

The first metal frame of the assembly may be defined by a first lengthand a first width, the first length being greater than the first width,and a first central axis that is parallel to said first length, whereinthe second metal frame may be defined by a second length and a secondwidth, the second length being greater than the second width, and asecond central axis that is parallel to said second length, and whereinthe first central axis and second central axis intersect and define anangle within a range of 70 to 135 degrees with respect to each other.

Optionally, the first central axis and second central axis may define anangle of 90 degrees with respect to each other.

The present specification also discloses an optical assembly for use ina multi-viewing elements endoscope, wherein the optical assembly ismanufactured by a process that may comprise the steps of: obtaining abase board; positioning a first metal frame on said base board, whereinthe first metal frame may be defined by a first length and a firstwidth, the first length being greater than the first width, and a firstcentral axis that is parallel to said first length; positioning a secondmetal frame on said base board, wherein the second metal frame may bedefined by a second length and a second width, the second length beinggreater than the second width, and a second central axis that isparallel to said second length, and wherein the first central axis andsecond central axis intersect and may define an angle within a range of70 to 135 degrees with respect to each other; coupling a first printedcircuit board, a first sensor, and a first lens assembly to said firstmetal frame; and coupling a second printed circuit board, a secondsensor, and a second lens assembly to said second metal frame.

Optionally, the process may further include obtaining a firstillumination circuit board comprising a curved panel, wherein saidcurved panel comprises at least two sets of front illuminators and iscoupled to said base board proximate to said first metal frame andwherein said curved panel conforms to a curved surface of the first lensassembly.

Still optionally, the process may further include obtaining a secondillumination circuit board comprising a curved panel, wherein saidcurved panel comprises at least two sets of front illuminators and iscoupled to said base board proximate said second metal frame and whereinsaid curved panel conforms to a curved surface of the second lensassembly.

Optionally, the first metal frame comprises a first rear surface and twofirst side walls extending outward therefrom.

Still optionally, the first printed circuit board is coupled to saidfirst metal frame by placing it between said two first side walls.

Optionally, the second metal frame comprises a second rear surface andtwo second side walls extending outward therefrom.

Still optionally, the second printed circuit board is coupled to saidsecond metal frame by placing it between said two second side walls.

Optionally, the first sensor may comprise a first plurality ofconnectors pins on a first end of the first sensor and a secondplurality of connector pins on a second opposing end of the firstsensor, wherein the first plurality of connectors pins is foldedunderneath the base board and soldered to the base board and the secondplurality of connector pins is folded over a surface of the first metalframe and soldered to the first printed circuit board.

Still optionally, the second sensor may comprise a first plurality ofconnectors pins on a first end of the second sensor and a secondplurality of connector pins on a second opposing end of the secondsensor, wherein the first plurality of connectors pins is foldedunderneath the base board and soldered to the base board and the secondplurality of connector pins is folded over a surface of the second metalframe and soldered to the second printed circuit board.

Optionally, the first lens assembly may be mounted on an outer surfaceof the first sensor.

Optionally, the first lens assembly may have a field of view of at least90 degrees.

Optionally, the second lens assembly may be mounted on an outer surfaceof the second sensor.

Optionally, the second lens assembly may have a field of view of atleast 90 degrees.

The present specification also discloses an endoscopic tip comprising: afirst lens positioned on a front face of said tip; a second lenspositioned on a lateral side of said tip; a third lens positioned on alateral side of said tip and substantially opposite said second lens; animager having a plurality of light sensitive surfaces; a first lightguide for directing light from said first lens to one of said pluralityof light sensitive surfaces; a second light guide for directing lightfrom said second lens to a second of said plurality of light sensitivesurfaces; and, a third light guide for directing light from said thirdlens to a third one of said plurality of light sensitive surfaces;wherein light waves passing through each of said first, second, andthird light guides are isolated from each other.

The present specification also discloses an endoscopic tip comprising: afirst lens positioned on a front face of said tip; a second lenspositioned on a lateral side of said tip; a third lens positioned on alateral side of said tip and substantially opposite said second lens; afirst imager having a first light sensitive surface; a second imagerhaving a plurality of light sensitive surfaces; a first light guide fordirecting light from said first lens to said first light sensitivesurface of said first imager; a second light guide for directing lightfrom said second lens to a first one of said plurality of lightsensitive surfaces of said second imager; and, a third light guide fordirecting light from said third lens to a second one of said pluralityof light sensitive surfaces of said second imager; wherein light wavespassing through each of said first, second, and third light guides areisolated from each other.

The present specification also discloses an endoscopic tip comprising: afirst lens positioned on a front face of said tip; a second lenspositioned on a lateral side of said tip; a third lens positioned on alateral side of said tip and substantially opposite said second lens; adouble-sided imager having a first side and a second side wherein saidfirst side is substantially opposite said second side, further whereinsaid first side comprises a first light sensitive surface and saidsecond side comprises a plurality of light sensitive surfaces; a firstlight guide for directing light from said first lens to said first lightsensitive surface of said first side of said double-sided imager; asecond light guide for directing light from said second lens to a firstone of said plurality of light sensitive surfaces of said second side ofsaid double-side imager; and, a third light guide for directing lightfrom said third lens to a second one of said plurality of lightsensitive surfaces of said second side of said double-sided imager;wherein light waves passing through each of said first, second, andthird light guides are isolated from each other.

One embodiment of the present specification is directed toward amanifold for use in an endoscope, comprising: 1) a manifold housinghaving a partially cylindrical shape with a curved top surface, apartially curved first side and a partially curved second side whereinthe manifold housing comprises a base portion with a first width, afirst length, and a proximal surface and an elongated portion, which isattached to the base portion, with a second width, a second length, anda distal surface, wherein the first width is greater than the secondwidth and the first length is less than the second length; 2) a firstchannel extending from the base portion through the elongated portion,wherein the first channel has an entrance port positioned on saidproximal surface of the base portion and an exit port positioned on adistal surface of the elongated portion; 3) a second channel extendingfrom the base portion through the elongated portion, wherein the secondchannel has an entrance port positioned on said proximal surface of thebase portion and an exit port positioned on a distal surface of theelongated portion; 4) a Y-shaped fluid conduit comprising a central stemportion, a first prong portion, and a second prong portion, wherein thecentral stem portion extends from an entrance port on the proximalsurface of the base portion through the base portion, wherein the firstprong portion extends from an end of the central portion through thebase portion to an exit port on the partially curved first side; andwherein the second prong portion extends from an end of the centralportion through the base portion to an exit port the partially curvedsecond side; 5) a third channel extending from an entrance port on theproximal surface of the base portion through to an exit port on thepartially curved first side; and 6) a fourth channel extending from anentrance port on the proximal surface of the base portion through to anexit port on the partially curved second side, wherein each of thefirst, second, third, and fourth channels are fluidically isolated andseparated from each other.

Optionally, the manifold further comprises a fifth channel extendingfrom the base portion through the elongated portion, wherein the thirdchannel has an entrance port positioned on said proximal surface of thebase portion and an exit port positioned on a distal surface of theelongated portion and wherein the first, second, third, fourth, andfifth channels are fluidically isolated and separated from each other.The manifold housing is formed from a unitary block of material. Theexit port on the partially curved first side of the first prong portionis positioned in a depression in the partially curved first side. Theexit port on the partially curved second side of the second prongportion is positioned in a depression in the partially curved secondside. A portion of the third channel proximate to the exit portpositioned on the partially curved first side bends at an angle relativea portion of the third channel proximate to the entrance port. The angleof bending ranges from 45 degrees to 135 degrees relative to thelongitudinal axis of the endoscope. A portion of the fourth channelproximate to the exit port positioned on the partially curved first sidebends at an angle relative a portion of the fourth channel proximate tothe entrance port.

Optionally, the angle of bending ranges from 45 degrees to 135 degreesrelative to the longitudinal axis of the endoscope. The third and fourthchannels have diameters ranging from approximately 2.8 to 3.2millimeters. The first channel manifold has a substantially constantdiameter within a range from 2.8 millimeters to 4.8 millimeters. Themanifold is configured to be a heat sink for transferring heat generatedby a plurality of illuminators. The manifold further comprises a groovelocated on a side of the base portion for receiving a utility cable.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses an imagecapture section having a length and adapted to be attached to an end ofa shaft of an endoscope, wherein the shaft has a length defining alongitudinal axis, the image capture section comprising: 1) a housingthat defines a partially enclosed interior volume and that issubstantially cylindrical with a substantially flat front face, a firstcurved side face, a second curved side face, 2) a manifold comprising: amanifold housing having a partially cylindrical shape with a curved topsurface, a partially curved first side and a partially curved secondside wherein the manifold housing comprises a base portion with a firstwidth, a first length, and a proximal surface and an elongated portion,which is attached to the base portion, with a second width, a secondlength, and a distal surface, wherein the first width is greater thanthe second width and the first length is less than the second length; afirst channel extending from the base portion through the elongatedportion, wherein the first channel has an entrance port positioned onsaid proximal surface of the base portion and an exit port positioned ona distal surface of the elongated portion; a second channel extendingfrom the base portion through the elongated portion, wherein the secondchannel has an entrance port positioned on said proximal surface of thebase portion and an exit port positioned on a distal surface of theelongated portion; a Y-shaped fluid conduit comprising a central stemportion, a first prong portion, and a second prong portion, wherein thecentral stem portion extends from an entrance port on the proximalsurface of the base portion through the base portion, wherein the firstprong portion extends from an end of the central portion through thebase portion to an exit port on the partially curved first side; andwherein the second prong portion extends from an end of the centralportion through the base portion to an exit port the partially curvedsecond side; a third channel extending from an entrance port on theproximal surface of the base portion through to an exit port on thepartially curved first side; and a fourth channel extending from anentrance port on the proximal surface of the base portion through to anexit port on the partially curved second side, wherein each of thefirst, second, third, and fourth channels are fluidically isolated andseparated from each other, wherein the elongated portion of the manifoldis configured to occupy a first portion of the interior volume; 3) afront image sensor, defined by a first optical axis, having a lens andan electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned on a surface ofsaid substantially flat front face; 4) a first side image sensor,defined by a second optical axis, having a lens and an electricalassembly, wherein the lens is positioned in the first curved side face;and 5) a first integrated circuit assembly comprising a print circuitboard having mounted thereon the electrical assembly of the front imagesensor and the electrical assembly of the first side image sensor,wherein the first integrated circuit assembly is configured to occupy asecond portion of the interior volume.

Optionally, the exit port of third channel is positioned 9.5 to 10.5millimeters from the first side image sensor. The image capture sectionfurther comprises a second side image sensor, defined by a third opticalaxis, having a lens and an electrical assembly, wherein the lens ispositioned in the second curved side face. The first integrated circuitassembly further comprises the electrical assembly of the second sideimage sensor. Each of the front image sensor, first side image sensor,and second side image sensor generates and receives at least 12 signalseach. Each of the front image sensor, first side image sensor, andsecond side image sensor generates and receives at least 12 signalseach. The first integrated circuit assembly is connected to a videoprocessing system via a utility cable and wherein less than 36 signalsare transmitted between the first integrated assembly and videoprocessing system. The image capture section further comprises aplurality of discrete illuminators. The manifold is configured to be aheat sink for transferring heat generated by the plurality of discreteilluminators.

Optionally, a maximum volume of the partially enclosed interior volumeranges from 2.75 cm³ to 3.5 cm³ and wherein each of the front imagesensor and first side image sensor is configured to generate a field ofview ranging from 120 to 180 degrees, a depth of field ranging from 3 to100 mm, have a peripheral distortion of less than 80% without relianceon any aspherical components, and have a maximum focal length in a rangeof 1 to 1.4 mm.

In one embodiment, the application discloses an image capture sectionhaving a length and adapted to be attached to an end of a shaft of acolonoscope, wherein the shaft has a length defining a longitudinalaxis, the image capture section comprising: 1) a housing that defines apartially enclosed interior volume and that is substantially cylindricalwith a substantially flat front face, a first curved side face, a secondcurved side face, wherein the substantially flat front face comprisesfour quadrants defined by a vertical axis passing through a center ofsaid substantially flat front face and a horizontal axis passing throughsaid center, said four quadrants including a top left quadrant, a topright quadrant, a bottom left quadrant and a bottom right quadrant andwherein each of said first curved surface and second curved surfacecomprises a substantially flat depression; 2) a manifold comprising anelongated housing extending the length of the image capture section andhaving a first end and a second end, wherein the manifold has at leastthree separate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through saidelongated housing from the first end through the second end and whereinthe manifold is configured to occupy a first portion of the interiorvolume; 3) a front image sensor, defined by a first optical axis, havinga lens and an electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned on asurface of said substantially flat front face and configured to captureimages within at least a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the first opticalaxis, wherein the first optical axis is positioned in a center of thelens and in parallel to said longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, andwherein the electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume; 4)a first front illuminator comprising a first transparent cover and afirst electrical assembly, wherein the first transparent cover ispositioned at least partially within said bottom right quadrant andbottom left quadrant of the substantially flat front face and the firstelectrical assembly is positioned within the interior volume; 5) asecond front illuminator comprising a second transparent cover and asecond electrical assembly, wherein the second transparent cover ispositioned at least partially within said bottom left quadrant of thesubstantially flat front face and the second electrical assembly ispositioned within the interior volume; 6) a third front illuminatorcomprising a third transparent cover and a third electrical assembly,wherein the third transparent cover is positioned at least partiallywithin said bottom right quadrant of the substantially flat front faceand the third electrical assembly is positioned within the interiorvolume; 7) a front working channel comprising an exit port and aconduit, wherein the exit port is positioned along the vertical axis ofthe substantially flat front face and is at least partially in the topleft quadrant and the top right quadrant and wherein the conduit isdefined by one of said three separate and fluidically isolated conduitsextending through the elongated housing of the fluid manifold; and 8) afluid injector channel comprising an exit port and a conduit, whereinthe exit port is positioned in the top right quadrant and wherein theconduit is defined by one of said three separate and fluidicallyisolated conduits extending through the elongated housing of the fluidmanifold.

The embodiment further comprising a jet channel comprising an exit portand a conduit, wherein the exit port is positioned in the top leftquadrant and wherein the conduit is defined by one of said threeseparate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through theelongated housing of the fluid manifold; a first side image sensor,defined by a second optical axis, having a lens and an electricalassembly, wherein the lens is positioned within the depression in thefirst curved side face and configured to capture images within a rangeof 0 to 80 degrees from the second optical axis, wherein the secondoptical axis is positioned in a center of the lens and perpendicular tosaid longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, and wherein the electricalassembly is positioned in the interior volume; at least two first sideilluminators, each comprising a first side transparent cover and a firstside electrical assembly, wherein the first side transparent covers arepositioned on either side of the lens of the first side image sensorwithin the depression in the first curved surface and the first sideelectrical assemblies are positioned within the interior volume; a firstside fluid injector having an exit port positioned within the depressionin the first curved side face and configured to eject fluid on the lensof the first side image sensor; a second side image sensor, defined by athird optical axis, having a lens and an electrical assembly, whereinthe lens is positioned within the depression in the second curved sideface and configured to capture images within a range of 0 to 80 degreesfrom the third optical axis, wherein the third optical axis ispositioned in a center of the lens and perpendicular to saidlongitudinal axis of the colonoscope, and wherein the electricalassembly is positioned in the interior volume; at least two second sideilluminators, each comprising a second side transparent cover and asecond side electrical assembly, wherein the second side transparentcovers are positioned on either side of the lens of the second sideimage sensor within the depression in the second curved surface and thesecond side electrical assemblies are positioned within the interiorvolume; a second side fluid injector having an exit port positionedwithin the depression in the second curved side face and configured toeject fluid on the lens of the second side image sensor; and a firstintegrated circuit assembly comprising a print circuit board havingmounted thereon the electrical assembly of the front image sensor, theelectrical assembly of the first side image sensor, and the electricalassembly of the second side image sensor, wherein the first integratedcircuit assembly is configured to occupy a second portion of theinterior volume.

Optionally, the manifold further comprises at least one side servicechannel comprising at least one exit port and at least one conduit,wherein the at least one exit port is positioned within the depressionin at least one of the curved side faces and wherein at least oneproximal section of the at least one conduit extends through theelongated housing from the first end of said fluid manifold and at leastone distal section of the at least one conduit bends towards at leastone of the curved side faces.

Optionally, the at least one exit port of said at least one side servicechannel is positioned 9.5 to 10.5 millimeters and preferably 10.2millimeters from the second and/or third optical axes of said firstand/or second side image sensors.

Optionally, the at least one conduit of said at least one side servicechannel has a diameter ranging from approximately 2.8 to 3.2millimeters.

Optionally, the at least one distal section of the at least one conduitbends at acute angles relative to the longitudinal axis of thecolonoscope. The at least one distal section of the at least one conduitbends at an angle ranging from 45 to 60 degrees relative to thelongitudinal axis of the colonoscope. The at least one distal section ofthe at least one conduit bends at an angle of 90 degrees relative to thelongitudinal axis of the colonoscope. The at least one distal section ofthe at least one conduit bends at obtuse angles relative to thelongitudinal axis of the colonoscope. The at least one distal section ofthe at least one conduit bends at an angle ranging from 120 to 135degrees relative to the longitudinal axis of the colonoscope. The atleast one exit port has an angle of exit ranging from 5 to 90 degrees.The at least one exit port has an angle of exit of 45 degrees.

Optionally, the housing is a cover for the image capture section that isconfigured to cover and fluidly seal said first integrated circuitassembly and said fluid manifold, said substantially flat front face ofthe housing comprising a first opening corresponding to the exit port ofthe front working channel, a second opening corresponding to the exitport of the fluid injection channel, a third opening corresponding tothe exit port of the jet channel, a fourth opening corresponding to thelens of the front image sensor, a fifth opening corresponding to thefirst front illuminator, a sixth opening corresponding to the secondfront illuminator, a seventh opening corresponding to the third frontilluminator.

Optionally, the housing is a cover for the image capture section that isconfigured to cover and fluidly seal said first integrated circuitassembly and said manifold, said first curved side of the housingcomprising a first opening corresponding to the lens of the first sideimage sensor, a second opening corresponding to the exit port of thefirst side fluid injection channel, and a third and fourth openingcorresponding to the two first side illuminators.

Optionally, the housing is a cover for the image capture section that isconfigured to cover and fluidly seal said first integrated circuitassembly and said manifold, said second curved side of the housingcomprising a first opening corresponding to the lens of the second sideimage sensor, a second opening corresponding to the exit port of thesecond side fluid injection channel, and a third and fourth openingcorresponding to the two second side illuminators. Optionally, themanifold functions as a heat sink for transferring heat generated by thefront and side illuminators.

Optionally, the image capture section has a diameter ranging fromapproximately 10 to 15 millimeters or approximately 9 to 17 millimetersor approximately 5 to 18 millimeters or approximately 7 to 12millimeters or approximately 11.7 millimeters or approximately 11.9millimeters. Optionally, the lens of said front image sensor has a focallength of about 3 to 100 millimeters, 100 millimeters or 110millimeters. Optionally, the lens of said first and/or second side imagesensor has a focal length of about 3 to 100 millimeters or 2 to 33millimeters or 2 to 100 millimeters.

Optionally, the second and third optical axes of the first and secondside image sensors are approximately 8 to 10 millimeters from the flatfront face, approximately 7 to 11 millimeters from the flat front face,9 or 9.1 millimeters from the flat front face, approximately 6 to 9millimeters from the flat front face, or 7.8 or 7.9 millimeters from theflat front face

Optionally, the respective centers of the at least two first sideilluminators are separated by a distance ranging from 5.5 to 6.5millimeters. Optionally, the respective centers of the at least twosecond side illuminators are separated by a distance ranging from 5.5 to6.5 millimeters.

Optionally, the conduit of said front working channel is substantiallyconstant extending through the shaft and the image capture section andwherein said conduit has a diameter ranging from approximately 2.8 to4.8 millimeters, ranging from approximately 3.2 to 4.8 millimeters orranging from approximately 4.2 to 4.8 millimeters. Optionally, thediameter is 3.2 millimeters, 3.8 millimeters, or 4.8 millimeters

Optionally, the lens of each of the front image sensor, first side imagesensor, and second side image sensor is configured to generateperipheral distortion of less than 80%. Optionally, the lens of each ofthe front image sensor, first side image sensor, and second side imagesensor is configured to have an optical length of up to 5 millimeters.Optionally, the lens of each of the front image sensor, first side imagesensor, and second side image sensor is configured to have a field ofview of at least 90 degrees and up to essentially 180 degrees.Optionally, the exit ports of the corresponding first and second sidefluid injectors are respectively positioned at a distance ranging from5.8 to 7.5 millimeters and preferably 6.7 millimeters from the secondand third optical axes.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses an imagecapture section having a length and adapted to be attached to an end ofa shaft of a colonoscope, wherein the shaft has a length defining alongitudinal axis, the image capture section comprising: 1) a housingthat defines a partially enclosed interior volume and that issubstantially cylindrical with a substantially flat front face, a firstcurved side face, a second curved side face, wherein the substantiallyflat front face comprises four quadrants defined by a vertical axispassing through a center of said substantially flat front face and ahorizontal axis passing through said center, said four quadrantsincluding a top left quadrant, a top right quadrant, a bottom leftquadrant and a bottom right quadrant and wherein each of said firstcurved surface and second curved surface comprises a substantially flatdepression; 2) a fluid manifold, having a first end and a second end,comprising a base portion with a first width and a first length attachedto an elongated housing, having a second width and a second length,wherein the second width is less than the first width and wherein thesecond length is longer than the first length and extends the length ofthe image capture section, wherein the fluid manifold has at least threeseparate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through saidelongated housing and said base portion from the first end through thesecond end, wherein the manifold is configured to occupy a first portionof the interior volume, wherein a bottom surface of the base portioncomprises a proximal section of a service channel conduit extendingthrough a center of the base portion, wherein the proximal section ofthe service channel conduit splits into a first distal section of theservice channel conduit that bends towards the first curved side faceleading to an exit port and a second distal section of the servicechannel conduit that bends towards the second curved side face leadingto an exit port, and wherein the exit port of the first distal sectionis located in the depression in the first curved surface and the exitport of the second distal section is located in the depression in thesecond curved surface; 3) a front image sensor, defined by a firstoptical axis, having a lens and an electrical assembly, wherein the lensis positioned on a surface of said substantially flat front face andconfigured to capture images within at least a range of 0 to 80 degreesfrom the first optical axis, wherein the first optical axis ispositioned in a center of the lens and in parallel to said longitudinalaxis of the colonoscope, and wherein the electrical assembly ispositioned in the interior volume; 4) a first front illuminatorcomprising a first transparent cover and a first electrical assembly,wherein the first transparent cover is positioned at least partiallywithin said bottom right quadrant and bottom left quadrant of thesubstantially flat front face and the first electrical assembly ispositioned within the interior volume; 5) a second front illuminatorcomprising a second transparent cover and a second electrical assembly,wherein the second transparent cover is positioned at least partiallywithin said bottom left quadrant of the substantially flat front faceand the second electrical assembly is positioned within the interiorvolume; 6) a third front illuminator comprising a third transparentcover and a third electrical assembly, wherein the third transparentcover is positioned at least partially within said bottom right quadrantof the substantially flat front face and the third electrical assemblyis positioned within the interior volume; 7) a front working channelcomprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exit port ispositioned along the vertical axis of the substantially flat front faceand is at least partially in the top left quadrant and the top rightquadrant and wherein the conduit is defined by one of said threeseparate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through theelongated housing of the fluid manifold; 8) a fluid injector channelcomprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exit port ispositioned in the top right quadrant and wherein the conduit is definedby one of said three separate and fluidically isolated conduitsextending through the elongated housing of the fluid manifold.

Optionally, the embodiment comprises a jet channel comprising an exitport and a conduit, wherein the exit port is positioned in the top leftquadrant and wherein the conduit is defined by one of said threeseparate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through theelongated housing of the fluid manifold. Optionally, the embodimentcomprises a first side image sensor, defined by a second optical axis,having a lens and an electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positionedwithin the depression in the first curved side face and configured tocapture images within a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the second opticalaxis, wherein the second optical axis is positioned in a center of thelens and perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, andwherein the electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume.Optionally, the embodiment comprises at least two first sideilluminators, each comprising a first side transparent cover and a firstside electrical assembly, wherein the first side transparent covers arepositioned on either side of the lens of the first side image sensorwithin the depression in the first curved surface and the first sideelectrical assemblies are positioned within the interior volume.Optionally, the embodiment comprises a first side fluid injector havingan exit port positioned within the depression in the first curved sideface and configured to eject fluid on the lens of the first side imagesensor. Optionally, the embodiment comprises a second side image sensor,defined by a third optical axis, having a lens and an electricalassembly, wherein the lens is positioned within the depression in thesecond curved side face and configured to capture images within a rangeof 0 to 80 degrees from the third optical axis, wherein the thirdoptical axis is positioned in a center of the lens and perpendicular tosaid longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, and wherein the electricalassembly is positioned in the interior volume.

Optionally, the embodiment comprises at least two second sideilluminators, each comprising a second side transparent cover and asecond side electrical assembly, wherein the second side transparentcovers are positioned on either side of the lens of the second sideimage sensor within the depression in the second curved surface and thesecond side electrical assemblies are positioned within the interiorvolume. Optionally, the embodiment comprises a second side fluidinjector having an exit port positioned within the depression in thesecond curved side face and configured to eject fluid on the lens of thesecond side image sensor. Optionally, the embodiment comprises a firstintegrated circuit assembly comprising a print circuit board havingmounted thereon the electrical assembly of the front image sensor, theelectrical assembly of the first side image sensor, and the electricalassembly of the second side image sensor, wherein the first integratedcircuit assembly is configured to occupy a second portion of theinterior volume.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses a manifold foruse in an image capture section in an endoscope, the manifold having afirst end and a second end and comprising a base portion with a firstwidth and a first length attached to an elongated housing, having asecond width and a second length, wherein the second width is less thanthe first width and wherein the second length is longer than the firstlength and extends the length of the image capture section, wherein themanifold has at least three separate and fluidically isolated conduitsextending through said elongated housing and said base portion from thefirst end through the second end, wherein the manifold is configured tooccupy a first portion of the interior volume, wherein a bottom surfaceof the base portion comprises a proximal section of a service channelconduit extending through a center of the base portion, wherein theproximal section of the service channel conduit splits into a firstdistal section of the service channel conduit that bends towards a firstcurved side face leading to an exit port and a second distal section ofthe service channel conduit that bends towards a second curved side faceleading to an exit port, and wherein the exit port of the first distalsection is located in a depression in the first curved surface and theexit port of the second distal section is located in a depression in thesecond curved surface.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses an imagecapture section having a length and adapted to be attached to an end ofa shaft of a colonoscope, wherein the shaft has a length defining alongitudinal axis, the image capture section comprising: 1) a housingthat defines a partially enclosed interior volume and that issubstantially cylindrical with a substantially flat front face, a firstcurved side face, a second curved side face, wherein the substantiallyflat front face comprises four quadrants defined by a vertical axispassing through a center of said substantially flat front face and ahorizontal axis passing through said center, said four quadrantsincluding a top left quadrant, a top right quadrant, a bottom leftquadrant and a bottom right quadrant and wherein each of said firstcurved surface and second curved surface comprises a substantially flatdepression; 2) a fluid manifold, having a first end and a second end,comprising a base portion with a first width and a first length attachedto an elongated housing, having a second width and a second length,wherein the second width is less than the first width and wherein thesecond length is longer than the first length and extends the length ofthe image capture section, wherein the fluid manifold has at least threeseparate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through saidelongated housing and said base portion from the first end through thesecond end, wherein the manifold is configured to occupy a first portionof the interior volume, wherein a bottom surface of the base portioncomprises a proximal section of a service channel conduit extendingthrough a center of the base portion and a distal section of the servicechannel conduit bends towards the first curved side face leading to anexit port, and wherein the exit port is located in the depression in thefirst curved surface; 3) a front image sensor, defined by a firstoptical axis, having a lens and an electrical assembly, wherein the lensis positioned on a surface of said substantially flat front face andconfigured to capture images within at least a range of 0 to 80 degreesfrom the first optical axis, wherein the first optical axis ispositioned in a center of the lens and in parallel to said longitudinalaxis of the colonoscope, and wherein the electrical assembly ispositioned in the interior volume; 4) a first front illuminatorcomprising a first transparent cover and a first electrical assembly,wherein the first transparent cover is positioned at least partiallywithin said bottom right quadrant and bottom left quadrant of thesubstantially flat front face and the first electrical assembly ispositioned within the interior volume.

Optionally, the present embodiment discloses a second front illuminatorcomprising a second transparent cover and a second electrical assembly,wherein the second transparent cover is positioned at least partiallywithin said bottom left quadrant of the substantially flat front faceand the second electrical assembly is positioned within the interiorvolume. Optionally, the present embodiment discloses a third frontilluminator comprising a third transparent cover and a third electricalassembly, wherein the third transparent cover is positioned at leastpartially within said bottom right quadrant of the substantially flatfront face and the third electrical assembly is positioned within theinterior volume. Optionally, the present embodiment discloses a frontworking channel comprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exitport is positioned along the vertical axis of the substantially flatfront face and is at least partially in the top left quadrant and thetop right quadrant and wherein the conduit is defined by one of saidthree separate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through theelongated housing of the fluid manifold. Optionally, the presentembodiment discloses a fluid injector channel comprising an exit portand a conduit, wherein the exit port is positioned in the top rightquadrant and wherein the conduit is defined by one of said threeseparate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through theelongated housing of the fluid manifold. Optionally, the presentembodiment discloses a jet channel comprising an exit port and aconduit, wherein the exit port is positioned in the top left quadrantand wherein the conduit is defined by one of said three separate andfluidically isolated conduits extending through the elongated housing ofthe fluid manifold. Optionally, the present embodiment discloses a firstside image sensor, defined by a second optical axis, having a lens andan electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned within thedepression in the first curved side face and configured to captureimages within a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the second optical axis,wherein the second optical axis is positioned in a center of the lensand perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, andwherein the electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume.

Optionally, the present embodiment discloses at least two first sideilluminators, each comprising a first side transparent cover and a firstside electrical assembly, wherein the first side transparent covers arepositioned on either side of the lens of the first side image sensorwithin the depression in the first curved surface and the first sideelectrical assemblies are positioned within the interior volume.Optionally, the present embodiment discloses a first side fluid injectorhaving an exit port positioned within the depression in the first curvedside face and configured to eject fluid on the lens of the first sideimage sensor. Optionally, the present embodiment discloses a second sideimage sensor, defined by a third optical axis, having a lens and anelectrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned within thedepression in the second curved side face and configured to captureimages within a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the third optical axis,wherein the third optical axis is positioned in a center of the lens andperpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, and whereinthe electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume.Optionally, the present embodiment discloses at least two second sideilluminators, each comprising a second side transparent cover and asecond side electrical assembly, wherein the second side transparentcovers are positioned on either side of the lens of the second sideimage sensor within the depression in the second curved surface and thesecond side electrical assemblies are positioned within the interiorvolume.

Optionally, the present embodiment discloses a second side fluidinjector having an exit port positioned within the depression in thesecond curved side face and configured to eject fluid on the lens of thesecond side image sensor. Optionally, the present embodiment discloses afirst integrated circuit assembly comprising a print circuit boardhaving mounted thereon the electrical assembly of the front imagesensor, the electrical assembly of the first side image sensor, and theelectrical assembly of the second side image sensor, wherein the firstintegrated circuit assembly is configured to occupy a second portion ofthe interior volume.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses a fluidmanifold for use in an image capture section in an endoscope, the fluidmanifold having a first end and a second end and comprising a baseportion with a first width and a first length attached to an elongatedhousing, having a second width and a second length, wherein the secondwidth is less than the first width and wherein the second length islonger than the first length and extends the length of the image capturesection, wherein the fluid manifold has at least three separate andfluidically isolated conduits extending through said elongated housingand said base portion from the first end through the second end, whereinthe manifold is configured to occupy a first portion of the interiorvolume, wherein a bottom surface of the base portion comprises aproximal section of a service channel conduit extending through a centerof the base portion and a distal section of the service channel conduitthat bends towards the first curved side face leading to an exit port,and wherein the exit port is located in a depression in the first curvedsurface.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses an imagecapture section having a length and adapted to be attached to an end ofa shaft of a colonoscope, wherein the shaft has a length defining alongitudinal axis, the image capture section comprising 1) a housingthat defines a partially enclosed interior volume and that issubstantially cylindrical with a substantially flat front face, a firstcurved side face, a second curved side face, wherein the substantiallyflat front face comprises four quadrants defined by a vertical axispassing through a center of said substantially flat front face and ahorizontal axis passing through said center, said four quadrantsincluding a top left quadrant, a top right quadrant, a bottom leftquadrant and a bottom right quadrant and wherein each of said firstcurved surface and second curved surface comprises a substantially flatdepression; 2) a manifold, having a first end and a second end,comprising a base portion with a first width and a first length attachedto an elongated housing, having a second width and a second length,wherein the second width is less than the first width and wherein thesecond length is longer than the first length and extends the length ofthe image capture section, wherein the manifold has at least threeseparate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through saidelongated housing and said base portion from the first end through thesecond end, wherein the manifold is configured to occupy a first portionof the interior volume, wherein a bottom surface of the base portioncomprises a proximal section of a first service channel conduitextending through the base portion and a distal section of the firstservice channel conduit that bends towards the first curved side faceleading to an exit port, and wherein the exit port is located in thedepression in the first curved surface; and a proximal section of asecond service channel conduit also extending through the base portionand a distal section of the second service channel conduit that bendstowards the second curved side face leading to an exit port, and whereinthe exit port is located in the depression in the second curved surface;3) a front image sensor, defined by a first optical axis, having a lensand an electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned on a surfaceof said substantially flat front face and configured to capture imageswithin at least a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the first optical axis,wherein the first optical axis is positioned in a center of the lens andin parallel to said longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, and whereinthe electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume; 4) a firstfront illuminator comprising a first transparent cover and a firstelectrical assembly, wherein the first transparent cover is positionedat least partially within said bottom right quadrant and bottom leftquadrant of the substantially flat front face and the first electricalassembly is positioned within the interior volume; and 5) a second frontilluminator comprising a second transparent cover and a secondelectrical assembly, wherein the second transparent cover is positionedat least partially within said bottom left quadrant of the substantiallyflat front face and the second electrical assembly is positioned withinthe interior volume.

Optionally, the present application discloses a third front illuminatorcomprising a third transparent cover and a third electrical assembly,wherein the third transparent cover is positioned at least partiallywithin said bottom right quadrant of the substantially flat front faceand the third electrical assembly is positioned within the interiorvolume. Optionally, the present application discloses a front workingchannel comprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exit port ispositioned along the vertical axis of the substantially flat front faceand is at least partially in the top left quadrant and the top rightquadrant and wherein the conduit is defined by one of said threeseparate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through theelongated housing of the fluid manifold. Optionally, the presentapplication discloses a fluid injector channel comprising an exit portand a conduit, wherein the exit port is positioned in the top rightquadrant and wherein the conduit is defined by one of said threeseparate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through theelongated housing of the fluid manifold. Optionally, the presentapplication discloses a jet channel comprising an exit port and aconduit, wherein the exit port is positioned in the top left quadrantand wherein the conduit is defined by one of said three separate andfluidically isolated conduits extending through the elongated housing ofthe fluid manifold. Optionally, the present application discloses afirst side image sensor, defined by a second optical axis, having a lensand an electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned within thedepression in the first curved side face and configured to captureimages within a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the second optical axis,wherein the second optical axis is positioned in a center of the lensand perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, andwherein the electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume.Optionally, the present application discloses at least two first sideilluminators, each comprising a first side transparent cover and a firstside electrical assembly, wherein the first side transparent covers arepositioned on either side of the lens of the first side image sensorwithin the depression in the first curved surface and the first sideelectrical assemblies are positioned within the interior volume.

Optionally, the present application discloses a first side fluidinjector having an exit port positioned within the depression in thefirst curved side face and configured to eject fluid on the lens of thefirst side image sensor. Optionally, the present application discloses asecond side image sensor, defined by a third optical axis, having a lensand an electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned within thedepression in the second curved side face and configured to captureimages within a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the third optical axis,wherein the third optical axis is positioned in a center of the lens andperpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, and whereinthe electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume.Optionally, the present application discloses at least two second sideilluminators, each comprising a second side transparent cover and asecond side electrical assembly, wherein the second side transparentcovers are positioned on either side of the lens of the second sideimage sensor within the depression in the second curved surface and thesecond side electrical assemblies are positioned within the interiorvolume. Optionally, the present application discloses a second sidefluid injector having an exit port positioned within the depression inthe second curved side face and configured to eject fluid on the lens ofthe second side image sensor. Optionally, the present applicationdiscloses a first integrated circuit assembly comprising a print circuitboard having mounted thereon the electrical assembly of the front imagesensor, the electrical assembly of the first side image sensor, and theelectrical assembly of the second side image sensor, wherein the firstintegrated circuit assembly is configured to occupy a second portion ofthe interior volume.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses a manifold foruse in an image capture section in an endoscope, the fluid manifoldhaving a first end and a second end and comprising a base portion with afirst width and a first length attached to an elongated housing, havinga second width and a second length, wherein the second width is lessthan the first width and wherein the second length is longer than thefirst length and extends the length of the image capture section,wherein the fluid manifold has at least three separate and fluidicallyisolated conduits extending through said elongated housing and said baseportion from the first end through the second end, wherein the manifoldis configured to occupy a first portion of the interior volume, whereina bottom surface of the base portion comprises a proximal section of afirst service channel conduit extending through the base portion and adistal section of the first service channel conduit that bends towards afirst curved side face leading to an exit port, and wherein the exitport is located in a depression in the first curved surface; and aproximal section of a second service channel conduit also extendingthrough the base portion and a distal section of the second servicechannel conduit that bends towards a second curved side face leading toan exit port, and wherein the exit port is located in the depression inthe second curved surface.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses an imagecapture section having a length and adapted to be attached to an end ofa shaft of a colonoscope, wherein the shaft has a length defining alongitudinal axis, the image capture section comprising 1) a housingthat defines a partially enclosed interior volume and that issubstantially cylindrical with a substantially flat front face, a firstcurved side face, a second curved side face, wherein the substantiallyflat front face comprises four quadrants defined by a vertical axispassing through a center of said substantially flat front face and ahorizontal axis passing through said center, said four quadrantsincluding a top left quadrant, a top right quadrant, a bottom leftquadrant and a bottom right quadrant and wherein each of said firstcurved surface and second curved surface comprises a substantially flatdepression; 2) a fluid manifold comprising an elongated housingextending the length of the image capture section and having a first endand a second end, wherein the fluid manifold has at least three separateand fluidically isolated conduits extending through said elongatedhousing from the first end through the second end and wherein the fluidmanifold is configured to occupy a first portion of the interior volume;3) a front image sensor, defined by a first optical axis, having a lensand an electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned on a surfaceof said substantially flat front face and configured to capture imageswithin at least a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the first optical axis,wherein the first optical axis is positioned in a center of the lens andin parallel to said longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, and whereinthe electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume; 4) a firstfront illuminator comprising a first transparent cover and a firstelectrical assembly, wherein the first transparent cover is positionedat least partially within said bottom right quadrant and bottom leftquadrant of the substantially flat front face and the first electricalassembly is positioned within the interior volume; 5) a second frontilluminator comprising a second transparent cover and a secondelectrical assembly, wherein the second transparent cover is positionedat least partially within said bottom left quadrant of the substantiallyflat front face and the second electrical assembly is positioned withinthe interior volume; 6) a third front illuminator comprising a thirdtransparent cover and a third electrical assembly, wherein the thirdtransparent cover is positioned at least partially within said bottomright quadrant of the substantially flat front face and the thirdelectrical assembly is positioned within the interior volume; 7) a frontworking channel comprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exitport is positioned along the vertical axis of the substantially flatfront face and is at least partially in the top left quadrant and thetop right quadrant and wherein the conduit is defined by one of saidthree separate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through theelongated housing of the fluid manifold; 8) a fluid injector channelcomprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exit port ispositioned in the top right quadrant and wherein the conduit is definedby one of said three separate and fluidically isolated conduitsextending through the elongated housing of the fluid manifold; 9) a jetchannel comprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exit port ispositioned in the top left quadrant and wherein the conduit is definedby one of said three separate and fluidically isolated conduitsextending through the elongated housing of the fluid manifold; 10) afirst side image sensor, defined by a second optical axis, having a lensand an electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned within thedepression in the first curved side face and configured to captureimages within a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the second optical axis,wherein the second optical axis is positioned in a center of the lensand perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, andwherein the electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume;11) at least two first side illuminators, each comprising a first sidetransparent cover and a first side electrical assembly, wherein thefirst side transparent covers are positioned on either side of the lensof the first side image sensor within the depression in the first curvedsurface and the first side electrical assemblies are positioned withinthe interior volume; 12) a first side fluid injector having an exit portpositioned within the depression in the first curved side face andconfigured to eject fluid on the lens of the first side image sensor;13) a second side image sensor, defined by a third optical axis, havinga lens and an electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned withinthe depression in the second curved side face and configured to captureimages within a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the third optical axis,wherein the third optical axis is positioned in a center of the lens andperpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, and whereinthe electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume; 14) atleast two second side illuminators, each comprising a second sidetransparent cover and a second side electrical assembly, wherein thesecond side transparent covers are positioned on either side of the lensof the second side image sensor within the depression in the secondcurved surface and the second side electrical assemblies are positionedwithin the interior volume; 15) a second side fluid injector having anexit port positioned within the depression in the second curved sideface and configured to eject fluid on the lens of the second side imagesensor; 16) at least one side jet channel comprising at least two exitports and at least one conduit, wherein the at least two exit ports arepositioned around a periphery of said housing and wherein the at leastone conduit has at least one corresponding entry port at the first endof said fluid manifold; 17) a first integrated circuit assemblycomprising a print circuit board having mounted thereon the electricalassembly of the front image sensor, the electrical assembly of the firstside image sensor, and the electrical assembly of the second side imagesensor, wherein the first integrated circuit assembly is configured tooccupy a second portion of the interior volume

Optionally, the present application discloses at least one of said atleast two exit ports of the at least one side jet channel is partiallypositioned within the depression. Optionally, one or both of the sidefluid injectors are positioned between the at least two exit ports ofsaid at least one side jet channel. Optionally, the at least two exitports of the at least one side jet channel comprise 2, 4, 6 or 8 exitports. Optionally, the at least one conduit of the at least one side jetchannel has a diameter of approximately 1.4 to 1.7 millimeters.Optionally, the at least one exit port of the at least one side jetchannel has an acute angle of exit. Optionally, the at least one exitport of the at least one side jet channel has an obtuse angle of exit.Optionally, the at least one exit port of the at least one side jetchannel has an angle of exit ranging from 45 to 60 degrees. Optionally,the at least one exit port of the at least one side jet channel has anangle of exit ranging from 120 to 135 degrees. Optionally, the at leastone exit port of the at least one side jet channel operates at apredefined algorithm. Optionally, the at least one exit port of the atleast one side jet channel operates at a different predefined algorithm.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses an imagecapture section having a length and adapted to be attached to an end ofa shaft of a gastroscope, wherein the shaft has a length defining alongitudinal axis, the image capture section comprising 1) a housingthat defines a partially enclosed interior volume and that issubstantially cylindrical with a substantially flat front face, a firstcurved side face, a second curved side face, wherein the substantiallyflat front face comprises four quadrants defined by a vertical axispassing through a center of said substantially flat front face and ahorizontal axis passing through said center, said four quadrantsincluding a top left quadrant, a top right quadrant, a bottom leftquadrant and a bottom right quadrant and wherein each of said firstcurved surface and second curved surface comprises a substantially flatdepression; 2) a fluid manifold comprising an elongated housingextending the length of the image capture section and having a first endand a second end, wherein the fluid manifold has at least three separateand fluidically isolated conduits extending through said elongatedhousing from the first end through the second end and wherein the fluidmanifold is configured to occupy a first portion of the interior volume;3) a front image sensor, defined by a first optical axis, having a lensand an electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned on a surfaceof said substantially flat front face and configured to capture imageswithin at least a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the first optical axis,wherein the first optical axis is positioned in a center of the lens andin parallel to said longitudinal axis of the gastroscope, and whereinthe electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume; 4) a firstfront illuminator comprising a first transparent cover and a firstelectrical assembly, wherein the first transparent cover is positionedat least partially within said bottom right quadrant and bottom leftquadrant of the substantially flat front face and the first electricalassembly is positioned within the interior volume; 5) a second frontilluminator comprising a second transparent cover and a secondelectrical assembly, wherein the second transparent cover is positionedat least partially within said bottom left quadrant of the substantiallyflat front face and the second electrical assembly is positioned withinthe interior volume; 6) a third front illuminator comprising a thirdtransparent cover and a third electrical assembly, wherein the thirdtransparent cover is positioned at least partially within said bottomright quadrant of the substantially flat front face and the thirdelectrical assembly is positioned within the interior volume; 7) a frontworking channel comprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exitport is positioned along the vertical axis of the substantially flatfront face and is at least partially in the top left quadrant and thetop right quadrant and wherein the conduit is defined by one of saidthree separate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through theelongated housing of the fluid manifold; 8) a fluid injector channelcomprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exit port ispositioned in the top right quadrant and wherein the conduit is definedby one of said three separate and fluidically isolated conduitsextending through the elongated housing of the fluid manifold; 9) a jetchannel comprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exit port ispositioned in the top left quadrant and wherein the conduit is definedby one of said three separate and fluidically isolated conduitsextending through the elongated housing of the fluid manifold; 10) aside image sensor, defined by a second optical axis, having a lens andan electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned within thedepression in the first curved side face and configured to captureimages within a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the second optical axis,wherein the second optical axis is positioned in a center of the lensand perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the gastroscope, andwherein the electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume;11) at least two side illuminators, each comprising a side transparentcover and a side electrical assembly, wherein the side transparentcovers are positioned on either side of the lens of the side imagesensor within the depression in the first curved surface and the sideelectrical assemblies are positioned within the interior volume; 12) aside fluid injector having an exit port positioned within the depressionin the first curved side face and configured to eject fluid on the lensof the side image sensor; and 13) a first integrated circuit assemblycomprising a print circuit board having mounted thereon the electricalassembly of the front image sensor, and the electrical assembly of theside image sensor, wherein the first integrated circuit assembly isconfigured to occupy a second portion of the interior volume.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses an imagecapture section having a length and adapted to be attached to an end ofa shaft of a gastroscope, wherein the shaft has a length defining alongitudinal axis, the image capture section comprising: 1) a housingthat defines a partially enclosed interior volume and that issubstantially cylindrical with a substantially flat front face, a firstcurved side face, a second curved side face, wherein the substantiallyflat front face comprises four quadrants defined by a vertical axispassing through a center of said substantially flat front face and ahorizontal axis passing through said center, said four quadrantsincluding a top left quadrant, a top right quadrant, a bottom leftquadrant and a bottom right quadrant and wherein each of said firstcurved surface and second curved surface comprises a substantially flatdepression; 2) a fluid manifold comprising an elongated housingextending the length of the image capture section and having a first endand a second end, wherein the fluid manifold has at least three separateand fluidically isolated conduits extending through said elongatedhousing from the first end through the second end and wherein the fluidmanifold is configured to occupy a first portion of the interior volume;3) a front image sensor, defined by a first optical axis, having a lensand an electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned on a surfaceof said substantially flat front face and configured to capture imageswithin at least a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the first optical axis,wherein the first optical axis is positioned in a center of the lens andin parallel to said longitudinal axis of the gastroscope, and whereinthe electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume; 4) a firstfront illuminator comprising a first transparent cover and a firstelectrical assembly, wherein the first transparent cover is positionedat least partially within said bottom right quadrant and bottom leftquadrant of the substantially flat front face and the first electricalassembly is positioned within the interior volume; 5) a second frontilluminator comprising a second transparent cover and a secondelectrical assembly, wherein the second transparent cover is positionedat least partially within said bottom left quadrant of the substantiallyflat front face and the second electrical assembly is positioned withinthe interior volume; 6) a third front illuminator comprising a thirdtransparent cover and a third electrical assembly, wherein the thirdtransparent cover is positioned at least partially within said bottomright quadrant of the substantially flat front face and the thirdelectrical assembly is positioned within the interior volume; 7) a frontworking channel comprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exitport is positioned along the vertical axis of the substantially flatfront face and is at least partially in the top left quadrant and thetop right quadrant and wherein the conduit is defined by one of saidthree separate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through theelongated housing of the fluid manifold; 8) a fluid injector channelcomprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exit port ispositioned in the top right quadrant and wherein the conduit is definedby one of said three separate and fluidically isolated conduitsextending through the elongated housing of the fluid manifold; 9) a jetchannel comprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exit port ispositioned in the top left quadrant and wherein the conduit is definedby one of said three separate and fluidically isolated conduitsextending through the elongated housing of the fluid manifold; 10) aside image sensor, defined by a second optical axis, having a lens andan electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned within thedepression in the first curved side face and configured to captureimages within a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the second optical axis,wherein the second optical axis is positioned in a center of the lensand perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the gastroscope, andwherein the electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume;11) at least two side illuminators, each comprising a side transparentcover and a side electrical assembly, wherein the side transparentcovers are positioned on either side of the lens of the side imagesensor within the depression in the first curved surface and the sideelectrical assemblies are positioned within the interior volume; 12) aside fluid injector having an exit port positioned within the depressionin the first curved side face and configured to eject fluid on the lensof the side image sensor; 13) a side service channel comprising an exitport and a conduit, wherein the exit port is positioned within thedepression in the first curved side face and wherein a proximal sectionof the conduit extends through said elongated housing from the first endof said fluid manifold and a distal section of the conduit bends towardsthe first curved side face; 14) a first integrated circuit assemblycomprising a print circuit board having mounted thereon the electricalassembly of the front image sensor, and the electrical assembly of theside image sensor, wherein the first integrated circuit assembly isconfigured to occupy a second portion of the interior volume.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses an imagecapture section having a length and adapted to be attached to an end ofa shaft of a gastroscope, wherein the shaft has a length defining alongitudinal axis, the image capture section comprising: 1) a housingthat defines a partially enclosed interior volume and that issubstantially cylindrical with a substantially flat front face, a firstcurved side face, a second curved side face, wherein the substantiallyflat front face comprises four quadrants defined by a vertical axispassing through a center of said substantially flat front face and ahorizontal axis passing through said center, said four quadrantsincluding a top left quadrant, a top right quadrant, a bottom leftquadrant and a bottom right quadrant and wherein each of said firstcurved surface and second curved surface comprises a substantially flatdepression; 2) a fluid manifold comprising an elongated housingextending the length of the image capture section and having a first endand a second end, wherein the fluid manifold has at least three separateand fluidically isolated conduits extending through said elongatedhousing from the first end through the second end and wherein the fluidmanifold is configured to occupy a first portion of the interior volume;3) a front image sensor, defined by a first optical axis, having a lensand an electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned on a surfaceof said substantially flat front face and configured to capture imageswithin at least a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the first optical axis,wherein the first optical axis is positioned in a center of the lens andin parallel to said longitudinal axis of the gastroscope, and whereinthe electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume; 4) a firstfront illuminator comprising a first transparent cover and a firstelectrical assembly, wherein the first transparent cover is positionedat least partially within said bottom right quadrant and bottom leftquadrant of the substantially flat front face and the first electricalassembly is positioned within the interior volume; 5) a second frontilluminator comprising a second transparent cover and a secondelectrical assembly, wherein the second transparent cover is positionedat least partially within said bottom left quadrant of the substantiallyflat front face and the second electrical assembly is positioned withinthe interior volume; 6) a third front illuminator comprising a thirdtransparent cover and a third electrical assembly, wherein the thirdtransparent cover is positioned at least partially within said bottomright quadrant of the substantially flat front face and the thirdelectrical assembly is positioned within the interior volume; 7) a frontworking channel comprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exitport is positioned along the vertical axis of the substantially flatfront face and is at least partially in the top left quadrant and thetop right quadrant and wherein the conduit is defined by one of saidthree separate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through theelongated housing of the fluid manifold; 8) a fluid injector channelcomprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exit port ispositioned in the top right quadrant and wherein the conduit is definedby one of said three separate and fluidically isolated conduitsextending through the elongated housing of the fluid manifold; 9) a jetchannel comprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein the exit port ispositioned in the top left quadrant and wherein the conduit is definedby one of said three separate and fluidically isolated conduitsextending through the elongated housing of the fluid manifold; 10) aside image sensor, defined by a second optical axis, having a lens andan electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned within thedepression in the first curved side face and configured to captureimages within a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the second optical axis,wherein the second optical axis is positioned in a center of the lensand perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the gastroscope, andwherein the electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume;11) at least two side illuminators, each comprising a side transparentcover and a side electrical assembly, wherein the side transparentcovers are positioned on either side of the lens of the side imagesensor within the depression in the first curved surface and the sideelectrical assemblies are positioned within the interior volume; 12) aside fluid injector having an exit port positioned within the depressionin the first curved side face and configured to eject fluid on the lensof the side image sensor; 13) at least one side jet channel comprisingat least one exit port and at least one conduit, wherein the at leastone exit port is positioned around a periphery of said housing andwherein the at least one conduit has at least one corresponding entryport at the first end of said fluid manifold; and 14) a first integratedcircuit assembly comprising a print circuit board having mounted thereonthe electrical assembly of the front image sensor, and the electricalassembly of the side image sensor, wherein the first integrated circuitassembly is configured to occupy a second portion of the interiorvolume.

Optionally, the present application discloses at least one exit port ofthe at least one side jet channel is partially positioned within thedepression. The at least one exit port of the at least one side jetchannel comprises 2, 4, 6 or 8 exit ports. The at least one exit port ofthe at least one side jet channel is positioned at a distance rangingfrom 8.5 to 9.5 millimeters from the optical axis of the correspondingside image sensor. The fluid exiting the at least one exit port of theat least one side jet channel forms an angle ranging from 50 to 60degrees relative to a lateral plane containing the lens of thecorresponding side image sensor and side illuminators. The at least oneconduit of the at least one side jet channel has a diameter ofapproximately 1.4 to 1.7 millimeters. The at least one exit port of theat least one side jet channel has an acute angle of exit. The at leastone exit port of the at least one side jet channel has an obtuse angleof exit. The at least one exit port of the at least one side jet channelhas an angle of exit ranging from 45 to 60 degrees. The at least oneexit port of the at least one side jet channel has an angle of exitranging from 120 to 135 degrees. The at least one exit port of the atleast one side jet channel operates at a predefined algorithm. The atleast one exit port of the at least one side jet channel operates at adifferent predefined algorithm.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses an imagecapture section having a length and adapted to be attached to an end ofa shaft of a colonoscope, wherein the shaft has a length defining alongitudinal axis, the image capture section comprising 1) a housingthat defines a partially enclosed interior volume and that issubstantially cylindrical with a substantially flat front face, a firstcurved side face, a second curved side face, wherein the substantiallyflat front face comprises four quadrants defined by a vertical axispassing through a center of said substantially flat front face and ahorizontal axis passing through said center, said four quadrantsincluding a top left quadrant, a top right quadrant, a bottom leftquadrant and a bottom right quadrant and wherein each of said firstcurved surface and second curved surface comprises a substantially flatdepression; 2) a fluid manifold comprising an elongated housingextending the length of the image capture section and having a first endand a second end, wherein the fluid manifold has at least four separateand fluidically isolated conduits extending through said elongatedhousing from the first end through the second end and wherein the fluidmanifold is configured to occupy a first portion of the interior volume;3) a front image sensor, defined by a first optical axis, having a lensand an electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned on a surfaceof said substantially flat front face and configured to capture imageswithin at least a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the first optical axis,wherein the first optical axis is positioned in a center of the lens andin parallel to said longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, and whereinthe electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume; 4) a firstfront illuminator comprising a first transparent cover and a firstelectrical assembly, wherein the first transparent cover is oval andpositioned at least partially within said bottom right quadrant andbottom left quadrant of the substantially flat front face and the firstelectrical assembly is positioned within the interior volume; 5) asecond front illuminator comprising a second transparent cover and asecond electrical assembly, wherein the second transparent cover is ovaland positioned at least partially within said bottom left quadrant ofthe substantially flat front face and the second electrical assembly ispositioned within the interior volume; 6) a third front illuminatorcomprising a third transparent cover and a third electrical assembly,wherein the third transparent cover is oval and positioned at leastpartially within said bottom right quadrant of the substantially flatfront face and the third electrical assembly is positioned within theinterior volume; 7) a first front working channel comprising an exitport and a conduit, wherein a substantial portion of the exit port ispositioned in the top right quadrant of the substantially flat frontface and wherein the conduit is defined by one of said four separate andfluidically isolated conduits extending through the elongated housing ofthe fluid manifold; 8) a second front working channel comprising an exitport and a conduit, wherein a substantial portion of the exit port ispositioned in the top left quadrant of the substantially flat front faceand wherein the conduit is defined by one of said four separate andfluidically isolated conduits extending through the elongated housing ofthe fluid manifold; 9) a fluid injector channel comprising an exit portand a conduit, wherein the exit port is positioned at least partiallywithin said top right quadrant and bottom right quadrant and wherein theconduit is defined by one of said four separate and fluidically isolatedconduits extending through the elongated housing of the fluid manifold;10) a jet channel comprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein theexit port is positioned at least partially within said top left quadrantand top right quadrant and wherein the conduit is defined by one of saidfour separate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through theelongated housing of the fluid manifold; 11) a first side image sensor,defined by a second optical axis, having a lens and an electricalassembly, wherein the lens is positioned within the depression in thefirst curved side face and configured to capture images within a rangeof 0 to 80 degrees from the second optical axis, wherein the secondoptical axis is positioned in a center of the lens and perpendicular tosaid longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, and wherein the electricalassembly is positioned in the interior volume; 12) at least two firstside illuminators, each comprising a first side transparent cover and afirst side electrical assembly, wherein the first side transparentcovers are oval and positioned on either side of the lens of the firstside image sensor within the depression in the first curved surface andthe first side electrical assemblies are positioned within the interiorvolume; 13) a first side fluid injector having an exit port positionedwithin the depression in the first curved side face and configured toeject fluid on the lens of the first side image sensor; 14) a secondside image sensor, defined by a third optical axis, having a lens and anelectrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned within thedepression in the second curved side face and configured to captureimages within a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the third optical axis,wherein the third optical axis is positioned in a center of the lens andperpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the colonoscope, and whereinthe electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume; 15) atleast two second side illuminators, each comprising a second sidetransparent cover and a second side electrical assembly, wherein thesecond side transparent covers are oval and positioned on either side ofthe lens of the second side image sensor within the depression in thesecond curved surface and the second side electrical assemblies arepositioned within the interior volume; 16) a second side fluid injectorhaving an exit port positioned within the depression in the secondcurved side face and configured to eject fluid on the lens of the secondside image sensor; and 17) a first integrated circuit assemblycomprising a print circuit board having mounted thereon the electricalassembly of the front image sensor, the electrical assembly of the firstside image sensor, and the electrical assembly of the second side imagesensor, wherein the first integrated circuit assembly is configured tooccupy a second portion of the interior volume.

Optionally, said first and second front working channels are bothadapted for insertion of a medical tool. The first and second frontworking channels are both adapted for applying suction. One of saidfirst and second front working channel is adapted for insertion of amedical tool and another of said first and second front working channelis adapted for applying suction. The distance between the exit ports ofsaid first and second working channels is in a range of 0.40 to 0.45millimeters. The conduit of said first working channel has a diameter ina range of 3.6 to 4.0 millimeters and the conduit of said second workingchannel has a diameter in a range of 2.6 to 3.0 millimeters. The conduitof said first working channel has a diameter of 3.8 millimeters and theconduit of said second working channel has a diameter of 2.8millimeters.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses an imagecapture section having a length and adapted to be attached to an end ofa shaft of a gastroscope, wherein the shaft has a length defining alongitudinal axis, the image capture section comprising 1) a housingthat defines a partially enclosed interior volume and that issubstantially cylindrical with a substantially flat front face, a firstcurved side face, a second curved side face, wherein the substantiallyflat front face comprises four quadrants defined by a vertical axispassing through a center of said substantially flat front face and ahorizontal axis passing through said center, said four quadrantsincluding a top left quadrant, a top right quadrant, a bottom leftquadrant and a bottom right quadrant and wherein each of said firstcurved surface and second curved surface comprises a substantially flatdepression; 2) a fluid manifold comprising an elongated housingextending the length of the image capture section and having a first endand a second end, wherein the fluid manifold has at least four separateand fluidically isolated conduits extending through said elongatedhousing from the first end through the second end and wherein the fluidmanifold is configured to occupy a first portion of the interior volume;3) a front image sensor, defined by a first optical axis, having a lensand an electrical assembly, wherein the lens is positioned on a surfaceof said substantially flat front face and configured to capture imageswithin at least a range of 0 to 80 degrees from the first optical axis,wherein the first optical axis is positioned in a center of the lens andin parallel to said longitudinal axis of the gastroscope, and whereinthe electrical assembly is positioned in the interior volume; 4) a firstfront illuminator comprising a first transparent cover and a firstelectrical assembly, wherein the first transparent cover is oval andpositioned at least partially within said bottom right quadrant andbottom left quadrant of the substantially flat front face and the firstelectrical assembly is positioned within the interior volume; 5) asecond front illuminator comprising a second transparent cover and asecond electrical assembly, wherein the second transparent cover is ovaland positioned at least partially within said bottom left quadrant ofthe substantially flat front face and the second electrical assembly ispositioned within the interior volume; 6) a third front illuminatorcomprising a third transparent cover and a third electrical assembly,wherein the third transparent cover is oval and positioned at leastpartially within said bottom right quadrant of the substantially flatfront face and the third electrical assembly is positioned within theinterior volume; 7) a first front working channel comprising an exitport and a conduit, wherein a substantial portion of the exit port ispositioned in the top right quadrant of the substantially flat frontface and wherein the conduit is defined by one of said four separate andfluidically isolated conduits extending through the elongated housing ofthe fluid manifold; 8) a second front working channel comprising an exitport and a conduit, wherein a substantial portion of the exit port ispositioned in the top left quadrant of the substantially flat front faceand wherein the conduit is defined by one of said four separate andfluidically isolated conduits extending through the elongated housing ofthe fluid manifold; 9) a fluid injector channel comprising an exit portand a conduit, wherein the exit port is positioned at least partiallywithin said top right quadrant and bottom right quadrant and wherein theconduit is defined by one of said four separate and fluidically isolatedconduits extending through the elongated housing of the fluid manifold;10) a jet channel comprising an exit port and a conduit, wherein theexit port is positioned at least partially within said top left quadrantand top right quadrant and wherein the conduit is defined by one of saidfour separate and fluidically isolated conduits extending through theelongated housing of the fluid manifold; 11) a side image sensor,defined by a second optical axis, having a lens and an electricalassembly, wherein the lens is positioned within the depression in thefirst curved side face and configured to capture images within a rangeof 0 to 80 degrees from the second optical axis, wherein the secondoptical axis is positioned in a center of the lens and perpendicular tosaid longitudinal axis of the gastroscope, and wherein the electricalassembly is positioned in the interior volume; 12) at least two sideilluminators, each comprising a side transparent cover and a sideelectrical assembly, wherein the side transparent covers are oval andpositioned on either side of the lens of the side image sensor withinthe depression in the first curved surface and the side electricalassemblies are positioned within the interior volume; 13) a side fluidinjector having an exit port positioned within the depression in thefirst curved side face and configured to eject fluid on the lens of thefirst side image sensor; and 14) a first integrated circuit assemblycomprising a print circuit board having mounted thereon the electricalassembly of the front image sensor, and the electrical assembly of theside image sensor, wherein the first integrated circuit assembly isconfigured to occupy a second portion of the interior volume.

Optionally, the first and second front working channels are both adaptedfor insertion of a medical tool. The first and second front workingchannels are both adapted for applying suction. One of said first andsecond front working channel is adapted for insertion of a medical tooland another of said first and second front working channel is adaptedfor applying suction. The distance between the exit ports of said firstand second working channels is in a range of 0.40 to 0.45 millimeters.The conduit of said first working channel has a diameter in a range of3.6 to 4.0 millimeters and the conduit of said second working channelhas a diameter in a range of 2.6 to 3.0 millimeters. The conduit of saidfirst working channel has a diameter of 3.8 millimeters and the conduitof said second working channel has a diameter of 2.8 millimeters.

Optionally, the optical axis of said at least one side-looking viewingelement forms an obtuse angle with an optical axis of said at least onefront-pointing viewing element. The optical axis of said at least oneside-looking viewing element forms an acute angle with an optical axisof said at least one front-pointing viewing element. The openings arepositioned to allow at least one said side-looking camera to view amedical tool protruding from the openings.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the at least one sidejet channel circulates a fluid through a groove connected to the atleast one side jet channel, wherein said housing further comprises aplurality of holes drilled above the groove, and wherein the pluralityof holes allow the fluid circulating through the groove to exit. The oneor more side jet channels comprise two side jet channels positioned onopposing sides of the tip section of the endoscope assembly. Theplurality of holes bend at acute angles relative to a long dimension ofthe endoscope assembly. The plurality of holes bend at 90 degreesrelative to a long dimension of the endoscope assembly. The plurality ofholes bend at obtuse angles relative to a long dimension of theendoscope assembly. The plurality of holes bend at angles that are acombination of acute, right and obtuse angles, relative to a longdimension of the endoscope assembly. The plurality of holes are placedlinearly, above the groove. Each hole of the plurality of holes is at adistance of at least 0.2 millimeters from each adjacent hole. Each holeof the plurality of holes has a diameter of 5 millimeters.

Optionally, the at least one side jet channel circulates a fluid througha removable ring assembly placed on said housing, the removable ringassembly comprising a peripheral groove placed on an internal peripheryof the ring assembly, wherein the at least two exit ports of the atleast one side jet channel are aligned with the peripheral groove; and aplurality of holes drilled along the peripheral groove, wherein theplurality of holes allow exit of the fluid circulating through theremovable ring assembly.

Optionally, the first diameter of the tip cover is less than a seconddiameter of the peripheral grove. The one or more side jet channelscomprise two side jet channels positioned on opposing sides of the tipsection of the endoscope assembly. The plurality of holes bend at acuteangles relative to a long dimension of the endoscope assembly. Theplurality of holes bend at 90 degrees relative to a long dimension ofthe endoscope assembly. The plurality of holes bend at obtuse anglesrelative to a long dimension of the endoscope assembly. The plurality ofholes bend at angles that are a combination of acute, right and obtuseangles, relative to a long dimension of the endoscope assembly. Theplurality of holes are placed linearly, above the peripheral groove.Each hole of the plurality of holes is at a distance of at least 0.2millimeters from each adjacent hole. Each of the plurality of holes hasa diameter of 5 millimeters.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a sprinkler assembly in a tip section. The tipsection of a multi-viewing elements endoscope assembly, comprises: 1)one or more jet channels circulating a fluid; 2) a tip cover associatedwith the tip section and comprising one or more jet channel openingsaligned with the one or more jet channels; and 3) a removable sprinklerassembly comprising a patch placed above each of the one or more jetchannel openings and a plurality of holes drilled along the patch,wherein the plurality of holes allow exit of the fluid circulatedthrough the one or more jet channels.

Optionally, the one or more jet channels comprise two side jet channelspositioned on opposing sides of the tip section of the endoscopeassembly. The one or more jet channels comprise a front jet channelpositioned on a front panel of the tip section of the endoscopeassembly. The plurality of holes bend at acute angles relative to a longdimension of the endoscope assembly. The plurality of holes bend at 90degrees relative to a long dimension of the endoscope assembly. Theplurality of holes bend at angles that are a combination of acute, rightand obtuse angles, relative to a long dimension of the endoscopeassembly. The plurality of holes bend at different angles relative to along dimension of the endoscope assembly. The plurality of holes areplaced linearly on the patch, along a circumference of the tip cover.The one or more jet channel openings operate at a predefined algorithm.Each of the one or more jet channel openings operate at a differentpredefined algorithm.

Optionally, the tip section further comprises a front injector; at leastone side injector; at least one front-pointing viewing element and atleast one front illuminator associated therewith; at least oneside-looking viewing element and at least one side illuminatorassociated therewith; and a front working channel configured forinsertion of a medical tool.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a multi jet distributor for supplying fluid to aplurality of jet openings in a tip section of a multi-viewing elementsendoscope, the multi jet distributor comprising a distributor housing; adistributor motor located within the distributor housing; a motor shaftcoupled to the distributor motor and located within the distributorhousing; and a distributor disc located within the distributor housingand coupled with the motor shaft, wherein the distributor disc comprisesan entering fluid pipeline for supplying said fluid to the multi jetdistributor; and at least one exiting fluid pipeline for providing saidfluid supplied by the entering fluid pipeline to the plurality of jetopenings.

Optionally, the plurality of jet openings comprise a front jet openingand at least one side jet opening. The plurality of jet openingscomprise a front jet opening; a first side jet opening and a second sidejet opening. The distributor housing further comprises a locking elementfor fixedly positioning the distributor disc within the distributorhousing. The distributor disc further comprises a plug for connectingthe distributor disc with the motor shaft. The distributor disc furthercomprises a groove on an outer surface of said distributor disc forreceiving the locking element. The pump supplies said fluid to theentering fluid pipeline. The multi jet distributor is connected to theendoscope via a main connector. The main connector has a multi-jetcontroller comprising a shaft leading to a valve placed in a housingthat operatively connects the valve to the main connector through a jetconnector, wherein the valve has screws formed thereon, and wherein afirst position of the shaft rotates the screws causing the fluid to exitonly the front jet opening and a second position of the shaft rotatesthe screws causing the fluid to exit through both the front jet openingand the at least one side jet opening.

Optionally, the distributor disc has a distributor rate ranging between30 rounds per minute to 100 rounds per minute. The distributor disc hasa distributor rate ranging between 50 and 65 rounds per minute. The atleast one exiting fluid pipeline comprises three fluid pipelines forproviding said fluid supplied by the entering fluid pipeline to theplurality of jet openings. The plurality of jet openings comprise afront jet opening and at least one side jet opening. The plurality ofjet openings comprise a front jet opening; a first side jet opening anda second side jet opening. The at least one exiting fluid pipelinecomprises two exiting fluid pipelines for providing said fluid suppliedby the entering fluid pipeline to the plurality of jet openings. Theplurality of jet openings comprise a front jet opening and at least oneside jet opening. The plurality of jet openings comprise a front jetopening; a first side jet opening and a second side jet opening. Themain connector has a multi-jet controller comprising a shaft leading toa valve placed in a housing that operatively connects the valve to themain connector through a jet connector, wherein the valve has screwsformed thereon, and wherein a first position of the shaft rotates thescrews causing the fluid to exit only the front jet opening and a secondposition of the shaft rotates the screws causing the fluid to exitthrough both the front jet opening and the at least one side jetopening.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a housing with a front portion and a rear portion,and wherein said image capture section further comprises a front sealedmodular unit comprising said front image sensor, lens and an associatedfront printed circuit board; a first side sealed modular unit comprisingsaid first side image sensor, lens and an associated first side printedcircuit board; a second side sealed module unit comprising said secondside image sensor, lens and an associated second side printed circuitboard, wherein the front, first side and second side printed circuitboards are coupled to each other; and a holder to encapsulate the frontand side modular units from each other, the said holder having a frontconcave area to carry the front sealed modular unit, a first sidecompartment to carry the first side sealed modular unit, a second sidecompartment to carry the second side sealed modular, and a rectangularstrip to carry an electrical cable connected to the coupled printedcircuit boards of the front and side modular units, wherein thecompartments have slots configured to carry the lens of the side modularunits and wherein the holder is configured to occupy a third portion ofthe interior volume.

Optionally, the housing comprises a front portion and a rear portion,and wherein said image capture section further comprises: a front sealedmodular unit comprising said front image sensor, lens and an associatedfront printed circuit board; a first side sealed modular unit comprisingsaid first side image sensor, lens and an associated first side printedcircuit board; a second side sealed module unit comprising said secondside image sensor, lens and an associated second side printed circuitboard, wherein the front, first side and second side printed circuitboards are coupled to each other; a holder comprising a front surface, afirst side surface, a second side surface and a rear portion, whereineach of the front and side surfaces have a plurality of recessesconfigured to receive a plurality of connectors of the front and sidemodular units and wherein the rear portion is configured to carry anelectrical cable to supply power to and transmit data from the front andside modular units; and a frame to support the holder, said framecomprising a front concave area to accommodate the front modular unit, afirst side with a slot configured to carry the lens of the first sidemodular unit and a second side with a slot configured to carry the lensof the second side modular unit, wherein the holder and the frame areconfigured to occupy a third portion of the interior volume.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses an electronic circuit board of a tip section of amulti-viewing elements endoscope, the electronic circuit boardcomprising one or more optical assemblies, wherein each of said one ormore optical assemblies comprise 1) at least one lens assembly and 2) animage sensor, wherein each of said one or more optical assembliessupports said at least one lens assembly and the image sensor, whereinthe image sensor is placed in a folded position with a first surfacefacing a tip section end of the endoscope and an opposing second surfacefacing away from the tip section end of the endoscope, and wherein thefirst surface is a front surface and the second surface is a backsurface, the first surface receiving an associated lens assembly of saidat least one lens assembly; one or more illuminators associated withsaid at least one lens assembly; an upper base board and a lower baseboard adapted to support said one or more optical assemblies; and aplurality of grooves on said upper and lower base boards for supportingsaid one or more illuminators.

Optionally, the first surface is a glass surface. The second surfacecomprises an electronic chip. The second surface comprises a printedcircuit board. Each of said one or more optical assemblies is a metalframe functioning as a heat sink for heat generated by one or moreilluminators.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses an electronic circuit board of a tip section of amulti-viewing elements endoscope, the electronic circuit boardcomprising a plurality of viewing element holders, each viewing elementholder supporting an optical lens assembly and an associated imagesensor, and one or more illuminators associated with the optical lensassembly, and wherein each viewing element holder comprises one or moregrooves for supporting the one or more illuminators.

Optionally, the image sensor is placed in a folded position with a firstfront surface facing a tip section end of the endoscope, and an opposingsecond back surface facing away from the tip section end of theendoscope, the first front surface receiving the associated optical lensassembly. The first front surface is a glass surface. The second backsurface comprises an electronic chip. The second back surface comprisesa printed circuit board. The electronic circuit board comprises an upperbase board and a lower base board. The viewing element holder is a metalframe functioning as a heat sink for heat generated by said one or moreilluminators. The metal component is placed between said plurality ofviewing element holders to act as a heat sink for said one or moreilluminators and support the viewing element holders fixedly between anupper and a lower base boards.

Optionally, the electronic circuit board comprises one or more viewingelement holders of a tip section of a multi-viewing elements endoscope,wherein each of said one or more viewing element holder comprises atleast one optical lens assembly, an image sensor, one or moreilluminators, and one or more grooves for supporting the one or moreilluminators.

Optionally, the tip section further comprises a front injector; at leastone side injector; a front jet; at least one side jet; and a frontworking channel configured for insertion of a medical tool. The frontjet and said front injector are positioned adjacent to each other and ona side of said front working channel. The front jet and said frontinjector are positioned on either side of said front working channel.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses an illuminator electronic circuit board assemblyfor a tip section of a multi-viewing elements endoscope, the illuminatorelectronic circuit board assembly comprising: a front illuminatorelectronic circuit board supporting one or more front illuminatorsassociated with a front optical assembly, wherein said front opticalassembly comprises a front lens assembly and a front image sensor; atleast one side illuminator electronic circuit board supporting one ormore side illuminators associated with one or more side opticalassemblies wherein each of said one or more side optical assembliescomprise a side lens assembly and a side image sensor; and an upper baseboard and a lower base board adapted to hold therebetween said front andat least one side illuminator electronic circuit boards.

Optionally, the illuminator electronic circuit board assembly comprisesa metal frame having front and rear portions supporting said frontilluminator electronic circuit board and said at least one sideilluminator electronic circuit board. The metal frame functions as aheat sink for said one or more front and side illuminators. The metalframe approximates an H shape with four side support walls extendingoutwardly at 90 degrees from each leg of said H shape and two frontsupport walls are positioned at an end of and perpendicular to two ofsaid four side support walls. The front illuminator electronic circuitboard and said at least one side illuminator electronic circuit boardare U shaped. The front illuminator electronic circuit board supportsthree illuminators. Two of said three illuminators are positionedbetween said upper and lower base boards and one of said threeilluminators is placed above said upper base board. The at least oneside illuminator electronic circuit board supports two illuminators. Theat least one side illuminator electronic circuit board comprises twoside illuminator electronic circuit boards, one on either side of saidtip section. The tip section further comprises: a front injector; atleast one side injector; a front jet; at least one side jet; and a frontworking channel configured for insertion of a medical tool. The frontjet and said front injector are positioned adjacent to each other and ona side of said front working channel. The front jet and said frontinjector are positioned on either side of said front working channel.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses an electronic circuit board assembly for a tipsection of a multi-viewing elements endoscope, the electronic circuitboard assembly comprising: a base board configured to carry a firstmetal frame to support a front looking viewing element and a secondmetal frame to support a side looking viewing element; a frontillumination circuit board comprising a front panel configured to carrythree sets of front illuminators for illuminating a field of view of thefront looking viewing element, and a side illumination circuit boardcomprising a side panel configured to carry at least one set of sideilluminators for illuminating a field of view of the side lookingviewing element.

Optionally, each of said three sets of front illuminators comprise 2, 3or 4 illuminator elements. Each of said at least one side illuminatorscomprise 2, 3 or 4 illuminator elements. The front illumination circuitboard and said side illumination circuit board approximate a U shape.The base board is roughly L shaped comprising: a first member extendingin a y direction and in an x direction and a second member extending ina y direction and in an x direction, wherein the first member isintegrally formed with the second member, wherein said first member andsaid second member lie in a same horizontal plane and wherein saidsecond member extends from said first member at an angle ofsubstantially 90 degrees. The front looking viewing element comprises afront looking image sensor and a corresponding lens assembly with anassociated printed circuit board. The side looking viewing elementcomprises a side looking image sensor and a corresponding lens assemblywith an associated printed circuit board. The axes of said first andsecond metal frames make an angle within a range of 70 to 135 degreeswith each other. The axes of said first and second metal frames make anangle of 90 degrees with each other.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a tip section of a multi-viewing elementsendoscope, the tip section comprising: a front looking viewing elementand three sets of front illuminators associated therewith; a sidelooking viewing element and two sets of side illuminators associatedtherewith; and an electronic circuit board assembly, comprising: a baseboard configured to carry a first metal frame to support the frontlooking viewing element and a second metal frame to support the sidelooking viewing element; and an illumination circuit board comprising afront foldable panel configured to carry the three sets of frontilluminators for illuminating a field of view of the front lookingviewing element, and a side panel configured to carry a set of sideilluminators for illuminating a field of view of the side lookingviewing element.

Optionally, the front looking viewing element comprises a front lookingimage sensor and a corresponding lens assembly with an associatedprinted circuit board. The side looking viewing element comprises a sidelooking image sensor and a corresponding lens assembly with anassociated printed circuit board. The axes of said first and secondmetal frames make an angle within a range of 70 to 135 degrees with eachother. The axes of said first and second metal frames make an angle of90 degrees with each other. The tip section further comprises a tipcover and a fluid channeling component. The diameter of said tip sectionis less than 11 millimeters. The diameter of said tip section is 10.5millimeters. The fluid channeling component comprises a front workingchannel adapted for insertion of a medical tool; a front jet channeladapted to clean a body cavity into which said endoscope is inserted;and an injector opening having a nozzle aimed at the front lookingviewing element and associated illuminators.

Optionally, the fluid channeling component further comprises a sideinjector opening having a nozzle aimed at the side looking viewingelement and associated illuminators. The fluid channeling componentfurther comprises at least one side jet channel opening. The frontworking channel is adapted to apply suction. The front working channelhas a diameter ranging from 2.8 to 4.8 millimeters. The front workingchannel has a diameter ranging from 3.2 to 3.5 millimeters. The frontworking channel has a diameter ranging from 3.8 to 4.2 millimeters.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses an interface unit configured to functionallyassociate with an endoscope system which comprises at least twosimultaneously operating imaging channels associated with at least twodisplays, respectively, wherein the interface unit comprises: an imageprocessor functionally associated with said at least two imagingchannels and configured to generate images comprising image datareceived simultaneously from said at least two imaging channels, and aninterface unit display, functionally associated with said imageprocessor, wherein images generated by said image processor andcomprising image data from said at least two imaging channels aredisplayable on said interface unit display.

Optionally, each imaging channel is associated with an image capturingdevice, respectively. The interface unit display is substantiallyportable. The interface unit display is functionally associated withsaid image processor wirelessly. The image capturing devices capturevideo images, and said image data in each of said at least two imagingchannels comprise an incoming video stream corresponding to videoimages, and said image processor is configured to generate a singlevideo stream displayable on said interface unit display, so thatreduced-size images corresponding to each incoming video stream aresimultaneously displayed on said interface unit display. The imageprocessor is configured to generate a single video stream from the atleast two incoming video streams substantially in real time.

Optionally, the interface unit further comprises an interface unitcomputer operating a files managing system and comprising a filesstorage module, wherein said interface unit computer is configured togenerate and store in said files storage module files of imagesgenerated by said image processor. The interface unit further comprisesa user interface module allowing a user to command said computer.

Optionally, the user interface module comprises a touch screen. Theinterface unit further comprises a communication channel configured toallow communication between said interface unit computer and a computernetwork at least for transferring files between said interface unitcomputer and said computer network. The computer network is a localcomputer network. The local computer network is a hospital network. Thecomputer network is the Internet. The communication channel comprises aLAN communication interface port, and operates an Internet Protocol. Thecommunication channel comprises a WiFi communication interface port. Thecommunication channel comprises a video/audio communication interfaceport, configured for outputting a video stream. The communicationinterface port comprises an S-video or a composite port. Thecommunication interface port comprises an HDMI port. The interface unitis configured to communicate through said communication interface portto a network computer, substantially in real time, a video streamgenerated by said image processor. The image processor is configured,when commanded, to capture a substantially single video frame in each ofsaid imaging channels at the moment of said command and to communicatethrough said communication interface port to a network computer, a videostream comprising sequentially, still images of said single video frameswherein each such still image is included in the video stream for apre-determined time period.

Optionally, the interface unit further comprises a synchronizationmodule functionally associated with at least two of said image capturingdevices, and configured for generating a synchronization signal forsynchronizing incoming video streams in the imaging channelscorresponding to said at least two image capturing devices.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a method for capturing images using an interfaceunit in an endoscope system, said endoscope system comprising aplurality of simultaneously operating imaging channels, said interfaceunit having an interface unit display and capable of receiving andindividually capturing an image from each one of said plurality ofimaging channels, said method comprising the steps of: triggering animage capture event; displaying a first image from a first imagingchannel of said plurality of imaging channels on said interface unitdisplay; sending a first trigger pulse from said interface unit to animage capture computer to notify said image capture computer to save adigital copy of said first image on a non-volatile medium; displaying asecond image from a second imaging channel of said plurality of imagingchannels on said interface unit display; and sending a second triggerpulse from said interface unit to an image capture computer to notifysaid image capture computer to save a digital copy of said second imageon a non-volatile medium, wherein, said first and second images arecaptured and saved sequentially and the original aspect ratio of saidfirst and second images is preserved.

Optionally, said triggering an image capture event is accomplished bypressing a button on the endoscope of said endoscope system. Thetriggering an image capture event is accomplished by pressing a buttonon said interface unit. The interface unit display includes atouchscreen and said triggering an image capture event is accomplishedby pressing a portion of said touchscreen. The interface unit and saidcapture computer are connected via a serial connection.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a system of displaying videos generated in anative aspect ratio corresponding to a left-side looking, afront-looking and a right-side looking viewing element of an endoscopictip, the system comprising: a left-side wide-screen monitor fordisplaying a first video from the left-side looking viewing element; acenter square monitor for displaying a second video from thefront-looking viewing element; a right-side wide-screen monitor fordisplaying a third video from the right-side looking viewing element;and a main control unit for aligning and modulating a native aspectratio of the first and third videos, wherein said first video isright-aligned and said third video is left-aligned, and wherein saidleft-side, center and right-side monitors are placed contiguously sothat the respective bottom edges of each of said first, second, andthird videos are at a substantially same level.

Optionally, the native aspect ratio is 4:3 or 5:4. The main control unitmodulates the native aspect ratio of said first and third videos by nomore than 30%. The main control unit modulates the native aspect ratioof said first and third videos by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30%. Themain control unit modulates the native aspect ratio of said first andthird videos by 0%. The left-side and right-side monitors haverespective longer edges horizontal. The left-side, center and right-sidemonitors are placed linearly. The first portion to the left of saidright-aligned first video and a second portion to the right of saidleft-aligned third video, comprise a plurality of patient relatedinformation.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a method of displaying videos generated in anative aspect ratio corresponding to a left-side looking, afront-looking and a right-side looking viewing element of an endoscopictip, the method comprising: displaying a first video from the left-sidelooking viewing element onto a left-side wide-screen monitor; displayinga second video from the front-looking viewing element onto a centersquare monitor; displaying a third video from the right-side lookingviewing element onto a right-side wide-screen monitor; and aligning andmodulating the native aspect ratio of the first and third videos,wherein said first video is right-aligned and said third video isleft-aligned, and wherein said first video, second video, and thirdvideo are positioned contiguously so that respective top edges of saidvideos are at a substantially same level.

Optionally, the native aspect ratio is 4:3 or 5:4. The native aspectratio of said first and third videos is modulated by no more than 30%.The native aspect ratio of said first and third videos is modulated by5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30%. The native aspect ratio of said first andthird videos is modulated by 0%. The left-side and right-side monitorshave respective longer edges horizontal. The left-side, center andright-side monitors are placed linearly. The first portion to the leftof said right-aligned first and a second portion to the right of saidleft-aligned third video, comprise a plurality of patient relatedinformation.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a system of displaying videos generated in anative aspect ratio corresponding to a left-side looking, afront-looking and a right-side looking viewing element of an endoscopictip, the system comprising: a left-side wide-screen monitor fordisplaying a first video from the left-side looking viewing element; acenter wide-screen monitor for displaying a second video from thefront-looking viewing element; a right-side wide-screen monitor fordisplaying a third video from the right-side looking viewing element;and a main control unit for aligning, rotating and modulating the nativeaspect ratio of at least one of said first, second or third videos,wherein said left-side, center and right-side monitors are placedcontiguously. The left-side, center and right-side monitors areintegrated within a unitary frame encasement. Optionally, the left-sideand right-side monitors are placed at an angle ‘N’ with reference tosaid center monitor. The angle ‘N’ may range from 10 to 30 degrees.

Optionally, the native aspect ratio is 4:3 or 5:4. The native aspectratio of said first and third videos is modulated by no more than 30%.The native aspect ratio of said first and third videos is modulated by5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30%. The left-side and right-side monitorshave respective longer edges horizontal. The left-side, center andright-side monitors are placed linearly. The first portion to the leftof said right-aligned first and a second portion to the right of saidleft-aligned third video, comprise a plurality of patient relatedinformation. The main control unit modulates the native aspect ratio ofsaid first, second and third videos by 0%. The left-side and right-sidewidescreen monitors have respective longer edges horizontal and saidcenter widescreen monitor has a shorter edge horizontal. The bottomedges of said left-side, center and right-side widescreen monitors areat a substantially same level. The first, second and third videos arerespectively right, bottom and left-aligned. The second video is alsorotated for display on said center widescreen monitor. A first portionon the left of said right-aligned first video, a second portion on thetop of said bottom-aligned second video and a third portion on the rightof said left-aligned third video, comprise plurality of patient relatedinformation. The top edges of said left-side, center and right-sidewidescreen monitors are at a substantially same level. The first, secondand third videos are respectively right, top and left-aligned. Thesecond video is also rotated for display on said center widescreenmonitor. The first, second and third videos are respectively right,vertically-center and left aligned. The left-side, center and right-sidewidescreen monitors have respective shorter edges horizontal. Therespective centroids of said left-side, center and right-side monitorsare at a substantially same level. The first, second and third videosare all bottom-aligned. The first, second and third videos are allrotated for display on said respective left-side, center and right-sidewidescreen monitors. The first, second and third portions to the top ofsaid bottom aligned first, second and third videos, comprise a pluralityof patient related information. The first, second and third videos areall top-aligned. The left-side, center and right-side monitors areintegrated within a unitary frame encasement. Optionally, the left-sideand right-side monitors are placed at an angle ‘N’ with reference tosaid center monitor. The angle ‘N’ may range from 10 to 30 degrees.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a method of displaying videos generated in anative aspect ratio corresponding to a left-side looking, afront-looking and a right-side looking viewing element of an endoscopictip, the method comprising: displaying a first video from the left-sidelooking viewing element onto a left-side wide-screen monitor; displayinga second video from the front-looking viewing element onto a centerwide-screen monitor; displaying a third video from the right-sidelooking viewing element onto a right-side wide-screen monitor; andaligning, rotating and modulating the native aspect ratio of at leastone of said first, second or third videos, wherein a top edge and abottom edge of each of said first, second, and third videos are linearlycontiguous.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a system of displaying first, second and thirdvideos generated in a native aspect ratio corresponding to a left-sidelooking, a front-looking and a right-side looking viewing element of anendoscopic tip, the system comprising: a monitor; and a main controlunit for combining the first, second and third videos into a resultantsingle video frame, wherein said resultant single video frame representsan integrated field of view of said left-side looking, front-looking andright-side looking viewing elements, wherein said main control unitslices said resultant single video frame to generate modulated left,center and right video frames for contiguous display on said monitor,and wherein said modulated left and right video frames are displayed asskewed with respect to said modulated center video frame.

Optionally, the center video frame comprises a sum of X degrees of viewson either side of a center of the integrated field of view of theresultant single video frame and wherein the left and right video framescomprise respective remaining left and right portions of the resultantsingle video frame. X is approximately 15 degrees. X ranges from 15degrees up to 30 degrees. The left, center and right video frames areseparated by black image stripes. The black image stripes are no morethan 6 inches wide. The native aspect ratio is 4:3 or 5:4. The maincontrol unit modulates the left, center and right video frames by nomore than 30%.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a method of displaying first, second and thirdvideos generated in a native aspect ratio corresponding to a left-sidelooking, a front-looking and a right-side looking viewing element of anendoscopic tip, the method comprising: combining the first, second andthird videos into a resultant single video frame, wherein said resultantsingle video frame represents an integrated field of view of saidleft-side looking, front-looking and right-side looking viewingelements; and slicing said resultant single video frame to generatemodulated left, center and right video frames for contiguous display ona monitor, wherein said modulated left and right video frames aredisplayed as skewed with respect to said modulated center video frame.

Optionally, the center video frame comprises a sum of X degrees of viewson either side of a center of the integrated field of view of theresultant single video frame and wherein the left and right video framescomprise respective remaining left and right portions of the resultantsingle video frame. X is approximately 15 degrees. X ranges from 15degrees up to 30 degrees. The left, center and right video frames areseparated by black image stripes. The black image stripes are no morethan 6 inches wide.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a system of displaying one of first, second andthird videos generated in a native aspect ratio corresponding to aleft-side looking, a front-looking and a right-side looking viewingelement of an endoscopic tip, the system comprising: a monitor; and amain control unit for slicing selected one of said first, second andthird videos to generate modulated left, center and right video framesfor contiguous display on said monitor, wherein said modulated left andright video frames are displayed as skewed with respect to saidmodulated center video frame.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a method of displaying one of first, second andthird videos generated in a native aspect ratio corresponding to aleft-side looking, a front-looking and a right-side looking viewingelement of an endoscopic tip, the method comprising: selecting one ofsaid first, second and third videos for display on a monitor; andslicing said selected one of said first, second and third videos togenerate modulated left, center and right video frames for contiguousdisplay on said monitor, wherein said modulated left and right videoframes are displayed as skewed with respect to said modulated centervideo frame.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses an endoscope configured to providequasi-simultaneous N views, N being greater than 1, said endoscopecomprising N optical systems configured to collect light from directionsassociated with said N views, and further comprising M image capturingdevices, where M is smaller than N, and said image capturing devices areconfigured to capture light collected by said N optical systems, therebyproviding N views quasi-simultaneously. Optionally, at least one of saidM image capturing devices comprises a CCD. M is approximately 1. Theimage capturing device comprises a single planar light sensitivesurface. Each of the optical systems is configured to transfer collectedlight onto an associated portion of said planar light-sensitive surface.N is approximately 3. The first optical system collects light from afirst direction substantially facing said light sensitive surface, and asecond optical system and a third optical system, respectively, collectlight from directions substantially perpendicular to said firstdirection. At least two of said optical systems are configured totransfer collected light onto a same portion of said planarlight-sensitive surface.

Optionally, the endoscope further comprises a step-wise rotating opticalelement configured to be controllably positioned in at least twopositions corresponding to said at least two optical systems,respectively, wherein in each such position said step-wise rotatingoptical element allows transfer of collected light from said respectiveoptical system to said portion of said planar light-sensitive surface.The step-wise rotating optical element comprises a mirror. The mirrorcomprises a semi transparent portion. The step-wise rotating opticalelement comprises a lens. The endoscope further comprises at least oneshutter operable to be shut and opened synchronously with said step-wiserotating optical element. The image capturing device comprises N planarlight sensitive surfaces, and each of said optical systems is configuredto transfer light to one of said N planar light sensitive surfaces,respectively. The image capturing device is substantially rigid and saidN planar light sensitive surfaces are tilted at a fixed angle relativeto one another. The image capturing device comprises a substantiallyflexible portion allowing to controllably tilt at an angle one of said Nplanar light sensitive surfaces relative to another one of said N planarlight sensitive surfaces. The image capturing device comprises twoplanar light sensitive surfaces, aligned back to back thereby facingsubstantially opposite directions. M is greater than one and N isgreater than two and at least two of said optical systems transfer lightonto a light sensitive planar element of one of said image capturingdevices. M is equal to two and N is equal to three.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses an endoscopic tip comprising: a first lenspositioned on a front face of said tip; a second lens positioned on alateral side of said tip; a third lens positioned on a lateral side ofsaid tip and substantially opposite said second lens; an imager having aplurality of light sensitive surfaces; a first light guide for directinglight from said first lens to one of said plurality of light sensitivesurfaces; a second light guide for directing light from said second lensto a second of said plurality of light sensitive surfaces; and, a thirdlight guide for directing light from said third lens to a third one ofsaid plurality of light sensitive surfaces, wherein light waves passingthrough each of said first, second, and third light guides are isolatedfrom each other.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses an endoscopic tip comprising: a first lenspositioned on a front face of said tip; a second lens positioned on alateral side of said tip; a third lens positioned on a lateral side ofsaid tip and substantially opposite said second lens; a first imagerhaving a first light sensitive surface; a second imager having aplurality of light sensitive surfaces; a first light guide for directinglight from said first lens to said first light sensitive surface of saidfirst imager; a second light guide for directing light from said secondlens to a first one of said plurality of light sensitive surfaces ofsaid second imager; and, a third light guide for directing light fromsaid third lens to a second one of said plurality of light sensitivesurfaces of said second imager, wherein light waves passing through eachof said first, second, and third light guides are isolated from eachother.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses an endoscopic tip comprising: a first lenspositioned on a front face of said tip; a second lens positioned on alateral side of said tip; a third lens positioned on a lateral side ofsaid tip and substantially opposite said second lens; a double-sidedimager having a first side and a second side wherein said first side issubstantially opposite said second side, further wherein said first sidecomprises a first light sensitive surface and said second side comprisesa plurality of light sensitive surfaces; a first light guide fordirecting light from said first lens to said first light sensitivesurface of said first side of said double-sided imager; a second lightguide for directing light from said second lens to a first one of saidplurality of light sensitive surfaces of said second side of saiddouble-side imager; and a third light guide for directing light fromsaid third lens to a second one of said plurality of light sensitivesurfaces of said second side of said double-sided imager, wherein lightwaves passing through each of said first, second, and third light guidesare isolated from each other.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a main control unit connected to an image capturesection of an endoscope using a utility tube, wherein the image capturesection comprises a front viewing element along with associated at leastone front illuminator, a first side viewing element along withassociated at least one first side illuminators and a second sideviewing element along with associated at least one second sideilluminators, the main control unit comprising: a video processingsystem comprising a camera circuit board, a power supply, an electronicmemory and a plurality of interfaces and additional processing elements;an electrical cable that runs through the utility tube to connect thefront and side viewing elements and associated illuminators with thecamera circuit board, wherein a set of N signals are configured to betransmitted between the camera circuit board and the image capturesection, wherein M signals out of the N signals are shared so that N<36and wherein the camera board processes the M signals to generate signalsspecific to each of the viewing elements.

Optionally, the M signals comprise synchronization signals for theviewing elements. The M signals comprise clock signals for the viewingelements. The M signals comprise supply voltage of the viewing elements.The electrical cable has a diameter ranging from 2 to 2.5 millimeters.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses an image capture section or tip where a maximumvolume of the image capture section ranges from 2.75 cm³ to 3.5 cm³,where each of the viewing elements is configured to generate a field ofview ranging from 120 to 180 degrees, a depth of field ranging from 3 to100 mm and a peripheral distortion of less than 80% without reliance onany aspherical components, and a maximum focal length in a range of 1 to1.4 mm. Optionally, the depth of field ranges from 3.5 to 50 mm. Themaximum volume of the image capture section is 3.12 cm³ and maximumfocal length of said viewing elements is approximately 1.2 mm. The fieldof views of the front and at least one of side viewing elementintersects over a depth of field ranging from 3 to 100 mm. The field ofviews of the front and at least one side viewing element intersectswithin a distance of 15 mm from the side viewing element.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a method for operating an endoscope with multipleviewing elements, the method comprising: generating a front view using afront-pointing viewing element located on a front panel of a tip sectionof the endoscope; generating one or more side views using one or moreside-pointing viewing elements located at or in proximity to a distalend of said tip section, wherein fields of view of said front and one ormore side viewing elements overlap; displaying said front and side viewsin real-time on at least one display; generating data indicative ofwhich display should be selected based upon an interaction with aninterface on a handle of the endoscope; and switching between said frontand side views on the at least one display based upon the generateddata.

Optionally, the handle comprises a plurality of buttons, whereinmanipulation of said buttons causes said display to zoom in and out,record, capture or freeze images in at least one of said front and sideviews. The front and side views are displayed on a single screen. Thefront and side views are displayed on different screens. The handlecomprises a plurality of buttons and wherein manipulation of saidbuttons causes said at least one display to record, capture or freezeimages in all of said front and side views concurrently.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a method for operating an endoscope with multipleviewing elements, the method comprising: generating a front view using afront-pointing viewing element located in a tip section of theendoscope; generating at least one side view using at least oneside-pointing viewing element located at or in proximity to a distal endof said tip section; displaying said front and side views concurrentlyand in real-time on at least one display; generating data indicative ofwhich display should be selected based upon a manipulation of at leastone button on a endoscope handle; and performing at least one actionselected from recording, zooming or freezing, said at least one selectedaction being performed on the front view, the at least one side view, orboth, based upon the generated data, wherein at least one icon orindicator is also displayed related to said at least one selectedaction.

Optionally, the method further comprises the step of displaying a timerthat visually shows a progression of the endoscope through an anatomicalregion based on time. The timer counts down from a pre-set amount oftime, as the endoscope progresses.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses an endoscope with multiple viewing elements,comprising: a front-pointing viewing element located in a tip section ofthe endoscope for generating a front view; at least one side-pointingviewing element located at or in proximity to a distal end of said tipsection for generating at least one side view; one or more displays fordisplaying said front and side views concurrently and in real-time; atleast one button on an endoscope handle that can be manipulated togenerate data indicative of which display should be selected; andprocessing means for performing at least one action selected fromrecording, zooming or freezing, the at least one selected action beingperformed on the front view, the at least one side view, or both, basedupon the generated data, wherein at least one icon or indicator is alsodisplayed related to said at least one selected action. Optionally, theprocessing means comprises an FPGA processor and an MPEG digital signalprocessor.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a method of visualizing navigation path way of anendoscope assembly, wherein said endoscope assembly comprises a tipsection having a front-pointing viewing element and two side-pointingviewing elements, the method comprising: inserting the endoscopeassembly into a lumen of a body cavity; navigating the endoscopeassembly through the lumen, wherein said lumen defines a navigationpathway and wherein said navigation pathway comprises a plurality ofjunctures in which the pathway changes substantially; operating theendoscope assembly to display a video output from each of the front andside-pointing viewing elements on to at least one monitor, said videooutput representative of the navigation pathway within the body cavity;and maneuvering the endoscope assembly through the lumen when obstructedby said plurality of junctures, wherein said maneuvering is guided by atleast one visual highlight on said at least one monitor.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses a service channel connector comprising: at leastone service channel opening positioned at a proximal end of theconnector; a working channel opening positioned at a distal end of theconnector, wherein said service channel opening and working channelopening are in communication via an intermediate channel for insertingmedical instruments therethrough, the working channel opening beingcoupled with an insertion tube of an endoscope; a front wall comprisinga first portion, a second portion, and a third portion; a back wall,comprising a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, eachportion having a substantially flat surface; and two side walls.

Optionally, the service channel connector of claim 1 wherein said first,second and third portions of said front wall further comprise fourportions each, connected at an angle to one another, and wherein saidfirst, second and third portions of said back wall are substantiallystraight, rectangular and without any surface indentations. The two sidewalls approximate a “Y” shape. The service channel connector furthercomprises a suction channel. The intermediate channel is a servicechannel. The intermediate channel is a combined channel formed from aservice channel and a suction channel. The service channel connectorcomprises a first section and a second section, wherein said first andsecond sections are fixedly connected to each other forming the servicechannel connector. The first section and the second section are joinedtogether by using a laser welding process. The second section is amirror image of the first section. The first section and the secondsection are joined together by aligning one or more edges of the twosections leaving no gap between the two sections along a joint line. Thefirst section and the second section are fabricated using a millingprocess. The first section and the second section comprise smoothinternal surfaces. When measured from said proximal end to said distalend and along the back wall, the connector has a length in a range ofapproximately 15 to 21 millimeters. The working channel opening has aninternal diameter in a range of approximately 2.5-8 millimeters.

In conjunction with any of the above embodiments, the presentapplication discloses an endoscope assembly comprising a handle forconnecting the endoscope to a control unit, the handle comprising aY-shaped service channel connector comprising: a first section and asecond section, each section comprising at least a service channelopening coupled with a working channel opening via an intermediatechannel for inserting medical instruments therethrough, wherein saidfirst and second section are fixedly connected to each other forming theservice channel connector, the first section being a mirror image of thesecond section. Each section further comprises a suction channel. Theintermediate channel is a service channel. The intermediate channel is acombined channel formed from a service channel and a suction channel.The first section and the second section are fixedly connected to eachby using a laser welding process.

Optionally, the first section and the second section are fixedlyconnected to each other leaving at least one service channel opening ata top proximal end of the service channel connector and at least oneworking channel opening at a bottom distal end of the service channelconnector, the at least one service channel opening being used forinserting one or more medical instruments into an insertion tube of anendoscope via the working channel opening. The first section and thesecond section are fixedly connected to each other by aligning one ormore edges of the two portions leaving no gap between the two portionsalong a line of joining. The first section and the second section arefabricated using a milling process. The internal surfaces of the firstsection and the second section are smooth.

The presently disclosed embodiments enable a plurality of innovativemedical procedures. In one embodiment, the present application disclosesan improved endoscopic mucosal resection procedure comprising insertingan endoscope into a body cavity and positioned a tip of said endoscopenext to a target tissue; inserting an injection needle through a frontworking channel in said endoscope and positioning said injection needleproximate said target tissue; injecting fluid into the target tissueusing said injection needle; inserting a grasping forceps device througha first side service channel of the endoscope; inserting a dissectiondevice through a second side service channel of the endoscope;dissecting the target tissue from the submucosa of the body cavity;withdrawing the dissection tool from the second side service channel;inserting a retrieval net through the second side service channel; andusing the grasping forceps to place the dissected target tissue into theretrieval net. Optionally the dissection device is a snare, needle,knife, or other cutting tool.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses anotherimproved endoscopic mucosal resection procedure comprising inserting anendoscope into a body cavity and positioned a tip of said endoscope nextto a target tissue; inserting an injection needle through a firstchannel in said endoscope and positioning said injection needleproximate said target tissue; injecting fluid into the target tissueusing said injection needle; inserting a grasping forceps device througha second channel of the endoscope; inserting a dissection device througha third channel of the endoscope; dissecting the target tissue from thesubmucosa of the body cavity; withdrawing the dissection tool from thethird channel; inserting a retrieval net through the third channel; andusing the grasping forceps to place the dissected target tissue into theretrieval net. Optionally the dissection device is a snare, needle,knife, or other cutting tool.

In another embodiment, the present application discloses anotherimproved endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedurecomprising inserting an endoscope into a body cavity and positioning itproximate a target papilla; inserting a guidewire through a firstchannel, such as the front working channel, inserting a grasper througha second channel, such as one of two side service channels; using thegrasper to position the papilla in a position to facilitate thecannulation of the papilla with the guidewire; inserting a sphinctertomethrough a third channel, such as the second of two side servicechannels; using the sphinctertome to cut the papilla; withdrawing thesphinctertome; inserting a balloon over the guidewire; positioning theballoon in the papilla and inflating it to widen the sphincter; insertother devices through the third channel to perform a task. Optionally,the other devices can be stone baskets, stents, injection needles,ablation devices, biopsy forceps, and/or cytology brushes.

The aforementioned and other embodiments of the present shall bedescribed in greater depth in the drawings and detailed descriptionprovided below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will beappreciated, as they become better understood by reference to thefollowing detailed description when considered in connection with theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1A shows a semi-pictorial view of a multi-camera endoscopy system,according to some embodiments;

FIG. 1B shows a perspective view of one embodiment of a control panel ofa main control unit of a multi-camera endoscopy system;

FIG. 1C shows a perspective view of a first multiple viewing element tipsection configuration, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 1D shows a perspective view of a second multiple viewing elementtip section configuration, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 1E shows a perspective view of a third multiple viewing element tipsection configuration, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 1F shows a perspective view of a fourth multiple viewing elementtip section configuration, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 1G shows a perspective view of a multi-camera endoscope, accordingto some embodiments;

FIG. 1H shows a perspective view of a multi-camera endoscope, accordingto other embodiments;

FIG. 1I shows a first cross-sectional view of a tip section of amulti-camera endoscope, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 1J shows a second cross-sectional view of a tip section of amulti-camera endoscope, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 2A shows an exploded perspective view of a tip section of anendoscope assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2B shows an exploded perspective view of a tip section of anendoscope assembly according to another embodiment;

FIG. 3A shows a perspective view of a fluid channeling component of anendoscope assembly according to a first embodiment;

FIG. 3B shows a perspective view of a fluid channeling component of anendoscope assembly according to a second embodiment;

FIG. 4A shows a perspective view of a fluid channeling component of anendoscope assembly according to a third embodiment;

FIG. 4B shows a perspective view of a fluid channeling component of anendoscope assembly according to a fourth embodiment;

FIG. 4C shows a perspective view of a fluid channeling component alongwith an exploded view of a corresponding tip cover of an endoscopeassembly, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 5A shows a first perspective view of a fluid channeling componentof the tip section of FIG. 61A;

FIG. 5B shows a second perspective view of the fluid channelingcomponent of the tip section of FIG. 61A;

FIG. 6A shows a perspective view of a fluid channeling component of anendoscope assembly according to some embodiments;

FIG. 6B shows a perspective view of a fluid channeling component of anendoscope assembly according to some embodiments;

FIG. 6C shows a perspective view of a fluid channeling component of anendoscope assembly according to some embodiments;

FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a tip section of an endoscopeassembly showing a fluid channeling component, in accordance with anembodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 8 schematically depicts an isometric proximal view of an inner partof an endoscope tip section according to an embodiment of the currentspecification;

FIG. 9A schematically depicts a partially disassembled tip section of anendoscope having a insufflation and/or irrigation (I/I) channelsmanifold internal to a unitary fluid channeling component, according toa first embodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 9B schematically depicts an isometric cross section of an innerpart of a tip section, having a I/I channels manifold internal to aunitary fluid channeling component, according to a first embodiment ofthe current specification;

FIG. 9C schematically depicts an isometric cross section of a unitaryfluid channeling component of an inner part of a tip section having aI/I channels manifold internal to the unitary fluid channelingcomponent, according to a first embodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 9D schematically depicts another isometric cross section of aninner part of a tip section, showing the unitary fluid channelingcomponent having a I/I channels manifold internal to it, according to afirst embodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 10A schematically depicts an isometric view of a partiallydisassembled tip section of an endoscope having a I/I channels manifoldpartially internal and partially external to the unitary fluidchanneling component of the tip section, according to a secondembodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 10B schematically depicts an isometric view of an inner part of atip section having a I/I channels manifold partially internal andpartially external to the unitary fluid channeling component of the tipsection, according to a second embodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 10C schematically depicts an isometric cross section of the innerpart of a tip section a having I/I channels manifold partially internaland partially external to the unitary fluid channeling component of thetip section, according to a second embodiment of the currentspecification;

FIG. 11A schematically depicts an isometric view of a partiallydisassembled tip section of an endoscope having a I/I channels manifoldpartially internal and partially external to the unitary fluidchanneling component of the tip section, according to a third embodimentof the current specification;

FIG. 11B schematically depicts an isometric view of an inner part of atip section having a I/I channels manifold partially internal andpartially external to a unitary fluid channeling component of the innerpart of the tip section, according to a third embodiment of the currentspecification;

FIG. 11C schematically depicts an isometric cross section of the unitaryfluid channeling component, according to a third embodiment of thecurrent specification;

FIG. 11D schematically depicts another isometric cross section of aninner part of a tip section having a I/I channels manifold partiallyinternal and partially external to a unitary fluid channeling componentof the inner part of the tip section, according to a third embodiment ofthe current specification;

FIG. 12A schematically depicts an isometric cross section view of anassembled tip section of an endoscope a having I/I channels manifoldexternal to a unitary fluid channeling component of the inner part ofthe tip section, according to a fourth embodiment of the currentspecification;

FIG. 12B schematically depicts an isometric view of an inner part of atip section having a I/I channels manifold external to the unitary fluidchanneling component, according to a fourth embodiment of the currentspecification;

FIG. 12C schematically depicts an isometric cross section of a unitaryfluid channeling component, according to a fourth embodiment of thecurrent specification;

FIG. 13A schematically depicts an isometric view of an assembled tipsection of an endoscope having a I/I channels manifold partiallyexternal to a unitary fluid channeling component of an inner part of thetip section, according to a fifth embodiment of the currentspecification;

FIG. 13B schematically depicts an isometric view of an inner part of atip section having a I/I channels manifold partially external to theunitary fluid channeling component, according to a fifth embodiment ofthe current specification;

FIG. 13C schematically depicts another isometric view of an inner partof a tip section having a I/I channels manifold partially external tothe unitary fluid channeling component, according to a fifth embodimentof the current specification;

FIG. 13D schematically depicts an isometric cross section of anendoscope tip section according to a fifth embodiment of the currentspecification;

FIG. 14A schematically depicts an isometric view of an assembled tipsection of an endoscope having a I/I channels manifold external to aunitary fluid channeling component of an inner part of the tip section,according to a sixth embodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 14B schematically depicts an isometric view of a partiallydisassembled tip section of an endoscope having a I/I channels manifoldexternal to the unitary fluid channeling component, according to a sixthembodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 15A schematically depicts an isometric proximal view of a mainsection of an inner part of an endoscope tip section, according to anembodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 15B schematically depicts an isometric cross section of the mainsection of FIG. 15A, according to an embodiment of the currentspecification;

FIG. 15C schematically depicts an isometric proximal view of the mainsection of FIG. 15A, having liquid and gas tubes connected thereto,according to an embodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 16 schematically depicts an isometric view of a folded flexibleelectronic circuit board carrying a front view camera, two side viewcameras, and illumination sources, according to an embodiment of thecurrent specification;

FIG. 17 schematically depicts an isometric view of a folded flexibleelectronic circuit board, according to an embodiment of the currentspecification;

FIG. 18 schematically depicts an isometric view of a flexible electroniccircuit board in an unfolded, flat configuration, according to anembodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 19 schematically depicts an isometric exploded view of a foldedflexible electronic circuit board, carrying cameras and illuminationsources, and a flexible electronic circuit board holder, according to anembodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 20 schematically depicts an isometric assembled view of a foldedflexible electronic circuit board, carrying cameras and illuminationsources, and a flexible electronic circuit board holder, according to anembodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 21 schematically depicts an isometric assembled view of a foldedflexible electronic circuit board carrying cameras and illuminationsources, a flexible electronic circuit board holder, and a fluidchanneling component, according to an embodiment of the currentspecification;

FIG. 22 schematically depicts an isometric view of a folded flexibleelectronic circuit board carrying cameras and illumination sources, aflexible electronic circuit board holder, a fluid channeling component,and a tip cover (in an exploded view), according to an embodiment of thecurrent specification;

FIG. 23A shows a first exploded view of a tip section of a foldableelectronic circuit board according to some embodiments;

FIG. 23B shows a second exploded view of a tip section of a foldableelectronic circuit board according to some embodiments;

FIG. 23C shows a third exploded view of a tip section of a foldableelectronic circuit board according to some embodiments;

FIG. 23D shows an assembled perspective view of a tip section of afoldable electronic circuit board, such as that shown in FIG. 23C,according to some embodiments;

FIG. 24A shows a first perspective view of a camera circuit boardaccording to some embodiments;

FIG. 24B shows a second perspective view of a camera circuit boardaccording to some embodiments;

FIG. 24C shows a third perspective view of a camera circuit boardaccording to some embodiments;

FIG. 25 shows a perspective view of a flexible illumination circuitboard according to some embodiments;

FIG. 26A shows a first perspective view of a foldable electronic circuitboard according to some embodiments;

FIG. 26B shows a second perspective view of a foldable electroniccircuit board according to some embodiments;

FIG. 26C shows a third perspective view of a foldable electronic circuitboard according to some embodiments;

FIG. 26D shows a fourth perspective view of a foldable electroniccircuit board according to some embodiments;

FIG. 27A shows a perspective view of an endoscope's tip sectionaccording to some embodiments;

FIG. 27B shows a perspective view of a fluid channeling component of theendoscopic tip section of FIG. 27A;

FIG. 28A illustrates an upper base board and a lower base boardassociated with a fluid channeling component and adapted to support theoptical assembly and illuminators of an endoscope, in accordance with anembodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 28B illustrates a top view of an upper base board adapted tosupport the optical assembly and illuminators of an endoscope, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 28C illustrates a bottom side view of a lower base board adapted tosupport the optical assembly and illuminators of an endoscope, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 29A illustrates the optical assembly and illuminators supported bya lower base board, where the upper base board shown in FIG. 28A isremoved;

FIG. 29B illustrates another view of the optical assembly supported by alower base board as shown in FIG. 29A with the illuminators removed;

FIG. 29C illustrates a bottom view of the optical assembly supported bya lower base board, as shown in FIG. 29B, where the illuminators areremoved;

FIG. 30A illustrates an image sensor comprising two image sensor contactareas, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 30B illustrates a lens assembly being coupled with the imagesensor, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 30C illustrates a metal frame positioned to support and hold thelens assembly and the associated image sensor, in accordance with anembodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 31A illustrates a viewing element holder for supporting a lensassembly, image sensor and side illuminators, in accordance with anembodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 31B illustrates grooves built in the viewing element holder forsupporting the illuminators, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification;

FIG. 32A illustrates a plurality of optical assemblies supported byviewing element holders and assembled to be placed in a tip of anendoscope, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 32B illustrates the assembly shown in FIG. 32A coupled with anupper circuit board and a lower circuit board and associated with afluid channeling component in a tip of an endoscope, in accordance withan embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 33A illustrates a front illuminator electronic circuit boardadapted for supporting the front illuminators of an endoscope, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 33B illustrates upper and lower base boards integrated with thefront and side illuminator electronic circuit boards, in accordance withan embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 34 illustrates optical assemblies and illuminators supported by anupper base board with the lower base board shown in FIG. 33A removed, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 35A illustrates the metal frame and illuminator circuit boards asshown in FIG. 34 with the optical assemblies and upper base boardremoved, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 35B illustrates a metal frame with the illuminator circuit boardsshown in FIG. 35A removed, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification;

FIG. 36 illustrates a front illuminator electronic circuit board, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 37 illustrates a side illuminator electronic circuit board, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 38A illustrates a base board of an electronic circuit boardassembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 38B illustrates first and second metal frames for supporting afront looking and a side looking viewing element of an electroniccircuit board assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 38C illustrates a first intermediate assembly with metal framesplaced on the base board of an electronic circuit board assembly, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 38D illustrates one embodiment of first and second printed circuitboards for inclusion with an electronic circuit board assembly;

FIG. 38E illustrates a second intermediate assembly formed by attachingprinted circuit boards to a first intermediate assembly, in accordancewith an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 38Fa illustrates both horizontal and side planar views of an imagesensor, and a manner of folding the image sensor consistent with oneembodiment;

FIG. 38Fb illustrates horizontal and side planar views of an imagesensor, and a manner of folding the image sensor in accordance withanother one embodiment;

FIG. 38G illustrates one embodiment of a third intermediate assemblyformed by attaching image sensors to a second intermediate assembly;

FIG. 38Ha illustrates one embodiment of a front illumination circuitboard;

FIG. 38Hb illustrates one embodiment of a side illumination circuitboard;

FIG. 38I illustrates one embodiment of an assembled view of anelectronic circuit board assembly of the present specification;

FIG. 38J illustrates one embodiment of a tip section of an endoscopeformed by attaching a fluid channeling component to the electroniccircuit board assembly of FIG. 38I;

FIG. 38K illustrates one embodiment of a fluid channeling component asshown in FIG. 38J;

FIG. 39A schematically depicts a cross section of an endoscope fronthead having multiple fields of view showing some details of the headaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 39B schematically depicts a cutout isometric view of an endoscopehaving multiple fields of view according to another exemplary embodimentof the current specification;

FIG. 39C schematically depicts another cutout isometric view of anendoscope having multiple fields of view according to an exemplaryembodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 40 schematically depicts a cross section of a lens assembly of acamera head, according to an exemplary embodiment of the currentspecification;

FIG. 41A schematically illustrates example of light propagation withinan objective lens system according to an exemplary embodiment of thecurrent specification;

FIG. 41B schematically illustrates another example of light propagationwithin an objective lens system according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe current specification;

FIG. 41C schematically illustrates another example of light propagationwithin an objective lens system according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe current specification;

FIG. 42 shows various components of a modular endoscopic tip, accordingto one embodiment;

FIG. 43 illustrates one embodiment of a holder for the imaging modules;

FIG. 44 illustrates a top view of the modular imaging units, accordingto one embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 45 illustrates a bottom view of the modular imaging units,according to one embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 46 illustrates a perspective view of a side-pointing modularimaging unit, according to one embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 47 illustrates a perspective view of a front-pointing modularimaging unit, according to one embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 48 illustrates the modular nature of the various elements in theendoscopic tip, according to one embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 49 illustrates a front-pointing imaging module assembled withside-pointing imaging modules, according to one embodiment of thepresent specification;

FIG. 50 illustrates a perspective view of assembled components with themodular holder, according to one embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 51 illustrates another embodiment of the modular endoscopic tip;

FIG. 52 illustrates a detailed view of the coupling mechanism and themodular holder, according to one embodiment;

FIG. 53A provides a first perspective view of the connecting mechanismbetween the imaging modules, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 53B provides a second perspective view of the connecting mechanismbetween the imaging modules, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 54 illustrates a detailed view of the modular holder, according toone embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 55A schematically depicts an isometric view of a tip section of anendoscope (including an electronic circuit board carrying cameras andillumination sources, and fluid channeling component), having a multicomponent tip cover (shown in an exploded view), according to anexemplary embodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 55B schematically depicts an isometric view of the tip section ofFIG. 55A, having an assembled multi component tip cover, according tosome exemplary embodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 56 schematically depicts an isometric view of a tip section of anendoscope (including an electronic circuit board carrying cameras andillumination sources, and a fluid channeling component), having a multicomponent tip cover (shown in an exploded view), according to anexemplary embodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 57 schematically depicts an exploded view of a multi component tipcover, according to an exemplary embodiment of the currentspecification;

FIG. 58A schematically depicts an isometric view of a tip section of anendoscope (including an electronic circuit board carrying cameras andillumination sources, and a fluid channeling component), having a multicomponent tip cover (shown in an exploded view), according to anexemplary embodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 58B schematically depicts an isometric view of the tip section ofFIG. 58A, having a multi component tip cover (partially in an explodedview), according to an exemplary embodiment of the currentspecification;

FIG. 58C schematically depicts an isometric view of the tip section ofFIGS. 58A and 58B having an assembled multi component tip cover,according to an exemplary embodiment of the current specification;

FIG. 59A shows a perspective side view of a tip section of an endoscopeassembly according to some embodiments;

FIG. 59B shows a perspective rear view of a tip section of an endoscopeassembly according to some embodiments;

FIG. 59C shows a well-defined or deep notch/depression of a side wall ofa tip section of an endoscope assembly according to some embodiments;

FIG. 60A shows a first perspective view of a tip section of an endoscopeassembly with a medical tool inserted through a side service channelthereof, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 60B shows a second perspective view of a tip section of anendoscope assembly with a medical tool inserted through a side servicechannel thereof, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 61A shows a perspective view of a tip section of an endoscopeassembly comprising two independent side service channel openings inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 61B shows a first perspective view of the tip section of theendoscope assembly of FIG. 61A with a medical tool inserted through aside service channel thereof, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 61C shows a second perspective view of the tip section of theendoscope assembly of FIG. 61A with a medical tool inserted through aside service channel thereof, according to another embodiment;

FIG. 62 shows an exploded view of the tip section of the endoscopeassembly of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 63 illustrates a perspective front view of a tip section of anendoscope assembly comprising two front working/service channels inclose proximity, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 64 illustrates a tip of an endoscope, comprising front jet andnozzle openings adjacent to each other, in accordance with an embodimentof the present specification;

FIG. 65A shows a perspective view of a tip section of a multi jetendoscope assembly according to an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 65B shows a perspective first side view of the tip section of themulti-jet endoscope assembly of FIG. 65A;

FIG. 65C shows a perspective second side view of the tip section of themulti jet endoscope assembly of FIG. 65A;

FIG. 65D shows a perspective view of a fluid channeling component of themulti-jet endoscope assembly of FIG. 65A;

FIG. 65E shows the multi jet endoscope assembly of FIG. 65A being movedinside a body cavity;

FIG. 66 shows a side jet sprinkler attachment, in accordance with someembodiments of the specification;

FIG. 67A shows the position of side jet openings relative to sideoptical lens assemblies, in accordance with one embodiment;

FIG. 67B shows the position of side jet openings relative to sideoptical lens assemblies, in accordance with another embodiment;

FIG. 68A shows a perspective view of the tip cover of an endoscopeassembly according to some embodiments;

FIG. 68B shows another perspective view of the tip cover of an endoscopeassembly according to some embodiments;

FIG. 69A shows a perspective view of a tip section of an endoscopeassembly according to some embodiments, without the tip cover;

FIG. 69B shows another perspective view of the tip section of anendoscope assembly according to some embodiments, without the tip cover;

FIG. 70 shows a side view of the tip section of an endoscope assemblyaccording to some embodiments, without the tip cover;

FIG. 71 shows a cross-section view of the tip section of an endoscopeassembly according to some embodiments, with the tip cover;

FIG. 72 shows a multi-jet ring assembly of an endoscope assemblyaccording to an embodiment;

FIG. 73 shows a side view of the multi jet ring assembly placed on a tipcover of an endoscope assembly, according to another embodiment;

FIG. 74A shows a perspective view of the multi jet ring assembly placedon the tip cover of an endoscope assembly, according to someembodiments;

FIG. 74B shows another perspective view of the multi jet ring assemblyplaced on the tip cover of an endoscope assembly, according to someembodiments;

FIG. 75A shows a perspective view of the multi jet ring assemblydetached from the tip cover of the endoscope assembly of FIGS. 74A and74B;

FIG. 75B shows another perspective view of the multi jet ring assemblydetached from the tip cover of the endoscope assembly of FIGS. 74A and74B;

FIG. 76A is a cross-sectional view of a tip section of an endoscopeassembly, with the tip cover and the multi jet ring assembly, accordingto some embodiments;

FIG. 76B is another cross-sectional view of a tip section of anendoscope assembly, with the tip cover and the multi jet ring assembly,according to some embodiments;

FIG. 77A illustrates a multi jet distributer pump, in accordance with anembodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 77B illustrates another view of the multi jet distributer pump ofFIG. 77A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 77C illustrates yet another view of the multi jet distributer pumpof FIG. 77A, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 78A illustrates a distributer disc of a multi jet distributer, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 78B illustrates another view of the distributer disc of a multi jetdistributer, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 79A is a block diagram illustrating the connection between a multijet distributor and an endoscope, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present specification;

FIG. 79B is a block diagram illustrating another connection between amulti jet distributor and an endoscope, in accordance with an embodimentof the present specification;

FIG. 80A illustrates a sectional view of a distributor disc of a multijet distributor, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 80B illustrates another sectional view of a distributor disc of amulti jet distributor, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 81A shows a perspective view of a main connector employing a multijet controller in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 81B shows a first position of a multi jet controller shaftcorresponding to a first control option of the multi jet controller,according to one embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 81C shows a second position of the multi jet controller shaftcorresponding to the second control option of the multi jet controller,according to one embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 82 shows a perspective view of a multi-camera endoscope accordingto one embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 83 shows a perspective view of a full cross section removable tipsection removed from the permanent section, in accordance with someexemplary embodiments of the specification;

FIG. 84 shows a perspective view of a full cross section removable tipsection attached to the permanent section, in accordance with someexemplary embodiments of the specification;

FIG. 85 shows a perspective view of a partial cross section removabletip section removed from the permanent section, in accordance with someexemplary embodiments of the specification;

FIG. 86 shows a perspective view of a partial cross section removabletip section attached to the permanent section, in accordance with someexemplary embodiments of the specification;

FIG. 87A schematically depicts an endoscope system and an interface unitassociated with the endoscope system according to an aspect of someembodiments;

FIG. 87B schematically depicts an embodiment of a tip of the endoscopeof FIG. 87A;

FIG. 88 schematically depicts a functional block diagram of theinterface unit of FIG. 87A;

FIG. 89 schematically depicts an exemplary layout of an endoscope systemand an interface unit deployed in an operating room, according to oneembodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 90 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary video processingarchitecture, according to one embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 91A is a first linear configuration of monitors for displaying aplurality of contiguous videos in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification;

FIG. 91B is a second linear configuration of monitors for displaying aplurality of contiguous videos in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification;

FIG. 91C is a third linear configuration of monitors for displaying aplurality of contiguous videos in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification;

FIG. 91D is a fourth linear configuration of monitors for displaying aplurality of contiguous videos in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification;

FIG. 91E is a fifth linear configuration of monitors for displaying aplurality of contiguous videos in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification;

FIG. 92A is a first embodiment of a non-linear configuration of monitorsfor displaying a plurality of contiguous videos;

FIG. 92B is a second embodiment of a non-linear configuration ofmonitors for displaying a plurality of contiguous videos;

FIG. 93A shows a first contiguous video feed group displayed on a singlemonitor in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 93B shows a second contiguous video feed group displayed on asingle monitor in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 94 shows a panoramic view of video feeds generated by viewingelements of an endoscopic tip and displayed on three square monitors,according to one embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 95A schematically depicts an embodiment of a tip of an endoscopeconfigured to provide multiple views and having a single image capturingdevice;

FIG. 95B schematically depicts an embodiment of an image split to threefields as obtained from the image capturing device of FIG. 95A;

FIG. 96 schematically depicts an embodiment of a tip of an endoscopeconfigured to provide multiple views and having a single image capturingdevice and a rotatable optical element;

FIG. 97A schematically depicts one embodiment of a tip of an endoscopeconfigured to provide multiple views and having a single image capturingdevice having several light sensitive elements;

FIG. 97B schematically depicts another embodiment of a tip of anendoscope configured to provide multiple views and having a single imagecapturing device having several light sensitive elements;

FIG. 98 schematically depicts an embodiment of a tip of an endoscopeconfigured to provide three views and having two image capturingdevices;

FIG. 99 schematically depicts an embodiment of a tip of an endoscopeconfigured to provide three views and having a single double-sided imagecapturing device;

FIG. 100 is a table detailing an exemplary set of shared and unsharedsignals for each camera, according to one embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 101 illustrates a camera circuit board with a plurality of inputsand outputs, according to one embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 102A is a block diagram illustrating synchronization of videosignals, according to one embodiment;

FIG. 102B is another block diagram illustrating synchronization of videosignals, according to one embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 103A is a block diagram illustrating compensation of time lag forsynchronization signals and pre-video signals in accordance with oneembodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 103B is a block diagram illustrating compensation of time lag forsynchronization signals and pre-video signals in accordance with anotherembodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 104 illustrates one embodiment with multiple displays operated witha single endoscope;

FIG. 105A shows one exemplary configuration of the endoscope handle,according to one embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 105B illustrates an indication of video recording on display,according to one embodiment;

FIG. 106A shows another exemplary configuration of the endoscope handle,according to another embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 106B illustrates indications of various image management features,according to one embodiment;

FIG. 107 illustrates another embodiment of multiple displays beingoperated with a single endoscope;

FIG. 108 is a flow chart detailing the process of implementing an imagemanipulation feature, according to one embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 109 illustrates exemplary critical navigation junctures during anendoscopic procedure;

FIG. 110A illustrates highlighting the areas of interest in the displayimage, according to one embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 110B is a flowchart illustrating the steps involved in a method ofvisualizing a navigation pathway of an endoscope comprising a tipsection having a front-pointing viewing element and two side-pointingviewing elements by using a highlighting feature;

FIG. 111A illustrates an endoscope handle comprising a service channelport, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 111B illustrates an exploded view of a service channel connectorshown in FIG. 111A, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 112 is an illustration of a conventional service channel connector;

FIG. 113A illustrates a service channel connector, having an approximateY-shape, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 113B is an external, cross-sectional view of a first section of aservice channel connector having an approximate Y-shape, in accordancewith an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 113C is an internal, cross-sectional view of a first section of aservice channel having an approximate Y-shape, in accordance with anembodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 113D is an external, cross-sectional view of a second section of aservice channel connector having an approximate Y-shape, in accordancewith an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 113E is an internal, cross-sectional view of a second section of aservice channel connector having an approximate Y-shape, in accordancewith an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 113F illustrates another internal, cross-sectional view of a firstsection of a service channel connector showing edges that are welded, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 113G illustrates another internal, cross-sectional view of a secondsection of a service channel connector showing edges that are welded, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification; and

FIG. 114 is a flow chart illustrating a plurality of manufacturing stepsfor assembling, connecting and/or attaching components of an opticalassembly for use in a multi-viewing elements endoscope.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

An aspect of some embodiments relates to an endoscope having a tipsection equipped with two or more viewing elements. According to oneembodiment, one of the viewing elements is positioned at a distal end ofthe tip section and points forward, and the remaining viewingelements(s) is positioned further back in the tip section, and pointssideways.

According to another embodiment, one of the viewing elements ispositioned at a distal (front) end surface of the tip section and pointsforward, and the remaining viewing elements(s) is positioned furtherback in the tip section, and points sideways.

According to another embodiment, two or more viewing elements (forexample, three, four or more) are positioned in proximity to or at thedistal end of the tip section and point sideways such that the field ofview provided by the viewing elements covers a front and side views.Even though in such configuration, according to some embodiments, noviewing element is positioned at the distal (front) end surface of thetip section (or in other words, no viewing element is pointing directlyforward), still the field of view of the side cameras allows view of thefront direction of the tip and accordingly of the endoscope.

This configuration, advantageously, may allow for a higher rate ofdetection, compared to conventional configurations, of pathologicalobjects that exist in the body cavity in which the endoscope operates.

Another aspect of some embodiments relates to an endoscope having a tipsection equipped with one or more front working/service channels.According to still further aspects of some embodiments, an endoscope tipsection comprises one or more side working/service channels. Endoscopictip configurations having more than one front and/or sideworking/service channels may significantly improve the performance ofthe endoscope and allow the endoscope operator to perform more complexmedical procedures using multiple medical tools simultaneously. Suchconfigurations may also provide the endoscope operator better access tothe object of interest and greater flexibility with operating themedical tools, while at the same time viewing the procedure by aplurality of front and side pointing viewing elements.

Still further aspects of some embodiments relate to an endoscope havinga tip section equipped with a plurality of advantageous configurationsof an electronic circuit board assembly. These configurations consumeless space and leave more volume for additional necessary features.

Yet another aspect of some embodiments relates to an endoscope having atip section comprising a plurality of side jets, in addition to a frontjet, to enable improved flushing performance of the endoscope.

The viewing elements and optionally other elements that exist in the tipsection (such as a plurality of illuminators or light sources, one ormore front and/or side working/service channels, one or more front andside jet channels, a side fluid injector, an electronic circuit boardassembly and/or the like) are uniquely scaled, configured and packagedso that they fit within the minimalistic space available inside the tipsection, while still providing valuable results.

The present specification is directed towards multiple embodiments. Thefollowing disclosure is provided in order to enable a person havingordinary skill in the art to practice the invention. Language used inthis specification should not be interpreted as a general disavowal ofany one specific embodiment or used to limit the claims beyond themeaning of the terms used therein. The general principles defined hereinmay be applied to other embodiments and applications without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the invention. Also, the terminology andphraseology used is for the purpose of describing exemplary embodimentsand should not be considered limiting. Thus, the present invention is tobe accorded the widest scope encompassing numerous alternatives,modifications and equivalents consistent with the principles andfeatures disclosed. For purpose of clarity, details relating totechnical material that is known in the technical fields related to theinvention have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarilyobscure the present invention. In the description and claims of theapplication, each of the words “comprise” “include” and “have”, andforms thereof, are not necessarily limited to members in a list withwhich the words may be associated.

As used herein, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” mean “at least one”or “one or more” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

Embodiments of methods and/or devices of the specification may involveperforming or completing selected tasks manually, automatically, or acombination thereof. Some embodiments of the specification areimplemented with the use of components that comprise hardware, software,firmware or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, some componentsare general-purpose components such as general purpose computers oroscilloscopes. In some embodiments, some components are dedicated orcustom components such as circuits, integrated circuits or software.

For example, in some embodiments, some of an embodiment is implementedas a plurality of software instructions executed by a data processor,for example, which is part of a general-purpose or custom computer. Insome embodiments, the data processor or computer comprises volatilememory for storing instructions and/or data and/or a non-volatilestorage, for example, a magnetic hard-disk and/or removable media, forstoring instructions and/or data. In some embodiments, implementationincludes a network connection. In some embodiments, implementationincludes a user interface, generally comprising one or more inputdevices (e.g., allowing input of commands and/or parameters) and outputdevices (e.g., allowing reporting parameters of operation and results).

It is appreciated that certain features of the specification, which are,for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may alsobe provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, variousfeatures of the specification, which are, for brevity, described in thecontext of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or inany suitable subcombination or as suitable in any other describedembodiment of the specification. Certain features described in thecontext of various embodiments are not to be considered essentialfeatures of those embodiments, unless the embodiment is inoperativewithout those elements.

It is noted that the term “endoscope” as mentioned to herein may referparticularly to a colonoscope, according to some embodiments, but is notlimited only to colonoscopes. The term “endoscope” may refer to anyinstrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity ofthe body.

It should also be noted that a plurality of terms, as follows, appearingin this specification are used interchangeably to apply or refer tosimilar components and should in no way be construed as limiting:

-   -   “Utility tube/cable” may also be referred to as an “umbilical        tube/cable”    -   A “main control unit” may also be referred to as a “controller        unit”, “main controller” or “fuse box”.    -   A “viewing element” may also be referred to as an image        capturing device/component, viewing components, camera, TV        camera or video camera.    -   A “working channel” may also be referred to as a “service        channel”.    -   An “illuminator” may also be referred to as an “illumination        source”, and in some embodiments, an LED.    -   A “flexible shaft” may also be referred to as a bending section        or vertebra mechanism.

Further, as used in this specification, the term “camera” is used todescribe a device for capturing light. Thus, a camera, in someembodiments, comprises at least one optical lens assembly. In someembodiments, the terms “viewing element” and “camera” may be usedinterchangeably.

As used in the specification, the term “optical assembly” is used todescribe a set of components that allows the endoscopic device tocapture light and transform that light into at least one image. In someembodiments, lenses are employed to capture light and sensors areemployed to transform that light into at least one image. An opticalassembly, as used in the specification, comprises at least one lensassembly, its associated sensor(s), and its associated circuit board. Insome embodiments, an “optical assembly” may comprise more than oneviewing element or camera, associated sensor(s), and associated circuitboard(s). In some embodiments, an “optical assembly” may comprise afront viewing element, its associated sensor, and its associated circuitboard. In some embodiments, an “optical assembly” may comprise a frontviewing element, its associated sensors, and its associated circuitboard and/or at least one side viewing element, its associated sensorsand its associated circuit boards.

Endoscopes that are currently being used typically have a front and sideviewing elements for viewing the internal organs, illuminators, a fluidinjector for cleaning the lens of the viewing elements, and sometimesalso illuminators and a working channel for insertion of surgical tools.The illuminators commonly used are fiber optics that transmit light,generated remotely, to the endoscope tip section. The use oflight-emitting diodes (LEDs) for illumination is also known.

A tip section of the endoscope assembly may be inserted into a patient'sbody through a natural body orifice, such as the mouth, nose, urethra,vagina, or anus.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present specification, a tipcover may house the tip section. The tip section, with the tip cover,may be turned or maneuvered by way of a flexible shaft, which may alsobe referred to as a bending section, for example, a vertebra mechanism.Tip cover may be configured to fit over the inner parts of the tipsection, including an electronic circuit board assembly and a fluidchanneling component, and to provide protection to the internalcomponents in the inner parts, such as a body cavity. The endoscope canthen perform diagnostic or surgical procedures inside the body cavity.The tip section carries one or more viewing elements, such as cameras,to view areas inside body cavities that are the target of theseprocedures.

Tip cover may include panels having a transparent surface, window oropening for optical lens assemblies of viewing elements. The panels andviewing elements may be located at the front and sides of the tipsection. Optical lens assemblies may include a plurality of lenses,static or movable, providing different fields of view.

An electronic circuit board assembly may be configured to carry theviewing elements, which may view through openings on the panels. Viewingelements may include an image sensor, such as but not limited to aCharge Coupled Device (CCD) or a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor(CMOS) image sensor.

The electronic circuit board assembly may be configured to carryilluminators that are able to provide illumination through illuminatoroptical windows. The illuminators may be associated with viewingelements, and may be positioned to illuminate the viewing elements'fields of view.

One or more illuminators may illuminate the viewing fields of theviewing elements. In an embodiment, the illuminators may be fiber opticilluminators that carry light from remote sources. The optical fibersare light carriers that carry light from a remotely located light sourceto the illuminators. The optical fibers extend along an insertion tubebetween the tip section at a distal end of the endoscope, and a handleat a proximal end. An umbilical/utility tube connects the handle to amain control unit. The main control unit enables control of severalfunctions of the endoscope assembly, including power delivered andcommunication of signals between the endoscope and its display, amongothers.

Reference is now made to FIG. 1A, which shows a multi-viewing elementsendoscopy system 100. System 100 may include a multi-viewing elementsendoscope 102. Multi-viewing elements endoscope 102 may include a handle104, from which an elongated shaft 106 emerges. Elongated shaft 106terminates with a tip section 108 which is turnable by way of a bendingsection 110. Handle 104 may be used for maneuvering elongated shaft 106within a body cavity.

The handle may include one or more buttons and/or knobs and/or switches105 which control bending section 110 as well as functions such as fluidinjection and suction. Handle 104 may further include at least one, andin some embodiments, one or more working channel openings 112 throughwhich surgical tools may be inserted as well as one and more sideservice channel openings.

A utility cable 114, also referred to as an umbilical tube, may connectbetween handle 104 and a Main Control Unit 199. Utility cable 114 mayinclude therein one or more fluid channels and one or more electricalchannels. The electrical channel(s) may include at least one data cablefor receiving video signals from the front and side-pointing viewingelements, as well as at least one power cable for providing electricalpower to the viewing elements and to the discrete illuminators.

The main control unit 199 contains the controls required for displayingthe images of internal organs captured by the endoscope 102. The maincontrol unit 199 may govern power transmission to the endoscope's 102tip section 108, such as for the tip section's viewing elements andilluminators. The main control unit 199 may further control one or morefluid, liquid and/or suction pump(s) which supply correspondingfunctionalities to the endoscope 102. One or more input devices 118,such as a keyboard, a touch screen and the like may be connected to themain control unit 199 for the purpose of human interaction with the maincontrol unit 199. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, the main controlunit 199 comprises a screen/display 120 for displaying operationinformation concerning an endoscopy procedure when the endoscope 102 isin use. The screen 120 may be configured to display images and/or videostreams received from the viewing elements of the multi-viewing elementendoscope 102. The screen 120 may further be operative to display a userinterface for allowing a human operator to set various features of theendoscopy system.

Optionally, the video streams received from the different viewingelements of the multi-viewing element endoscope 102 may be displayedseparately on at least one monitor (not seen) by uploading informationfrom the main control unit 199, either side-by-side or interchangeably(namely, the operator may switch between views from the differentviewing elements manually). Alternatively, these video streams may beprocessed by the main control unit 116 to combine them into a single,panoramic video frame, based on an overlap between fields of view of theviewing elements. In an embodiment, two or more displays may beconnected to the main control unit 199, each for displaying a videostream from a different viewing element of the multi-viewing elementendoscope 102. The main control unit 199 is described in U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/817,237, entitled “Method andSystem for Video Processing in a Multi-Viewing Element Endoscope” andfiled on Apr. 29, 2013, which is herein incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

FIG. 1B shows a perspective view of one embodiment of a control panel ofa main control unit of a multi-camera endoscopy system. As shown in FIG.1B, the control panel 101 contains a main connector housing 103 having afront panel 107. The main connector housing front panel 107 comprises afirst section 111, containing a light guide opening 113 and a gaschannel opening 115, and a second section 117, comprising a utilitycable opening 119. The light guide opening 113 and gas channel opening115 are configured to receive and connect with a light guide and a gaschannel respectively, on a main connector and the utility cable opening119 is configured to receive and connect with an electric connector of ascope. A switch 121 is used to switch on and switch off the main controlunit.

FIGS. 1C through 1F show multiple exemplary configurations 123, 125, 127and 129 of the tip section 108.

In configuration 123, a front-pointing camera 131 and a side-pointingcamera 133 are essentially perpendicular to one another, and have,correspondingly, perpendicular fields of view.

In configuration 125, a front-pointing camera 137 is essentiallyperpendicular to a first side-pointing camera 139 and a secondside-pointing camera 141. First and second side-pointing cameras 139,141 are pointing perpendicularly to one another, and are positionedessentially 90 degrees apart in the cylindrical surface of the tipsection. In another configuration (not shown), first and secondside-pointing cameras may be positioned more than 90 degrees apart inthe cylindrical surface of the tip section, such as 120-150 degreesapart or 150-180 degrees apart. For example, the first and secondside-pointing cameras may be positioned 180 degrees apart, in oppositesides of the cylindrical surface of the tip section, so that they pointin opposite directions. In yet further configurations (not shown), threeor more side-pointing cameras may be positioned in the cylindricalsurface of the tip section, for example, three cameras having 120degrees in between them.

In configuration 127, a side-pointing camera 143 is pointing slightlybackwards, so that it forms an angle larger than 90 degrees relative toa front-pointing camera 145. As an example, an angle of 120 degrees isshown. In another configuration (not shown), the angle ranges from100-145 degrees.

In configuration 129, two opposing side cameras, 147 and 149, are shown,which are pointing slightly backwards, so that they each form an anglelarger than 90 degrees relative to a front-pointing camera 151. As anexample, an angle of 120 degrees is shown. In another configuration (notshown), the angle is 100-145 degrees.

Similarly, in other configurations (not shown), three or moreside-pointing cameras may be positioned in the cylindrical surface ofthe tip section, each pointing slightly backwards and having a certainangle in between; in the case of three cameras, they may have an angleof 120 degrees in between them.

Reference is now made to FIG. 1G, which shows a perspective view of amulti-camera endoscope 153, according to some embodiments. Endoscope 153includes an elongated shaft 155 which typically includes a bendingsection (not shown) and a tip section 157 which terminates theendoscope. Tip section 157 includes three side-pointing cameras: a firstside-pointing camera 158A, a second side-pointing camera, and a thirdside-pointing camera. The first side-pointing camera 158A has anassociated first field of view 159A, while the second side-pointingcamera has an associated second field of view 159B, and the thirdside-pointing camera has an associated third field of view 159C.Discrete side illuminators (for example LEDs), may be associated withthe side-pointing cameras for illuminating their respective fields ofview 159A, 159B, and 159C. Tip section 157 further includes a workingchannel 161 which may be a hollow opening configured for insertion of asurgical tool to operate on various tissues. For example, miniatureforceps may be inserted through working channel 161 in order to remove apolyp or sample of which for biopsy.

Tip 157 may further include other elements/components, (for example, asdescribed herein according to various embodiments) such as fluidinjector(s) for cleaning the cameras and/or their illuminators andpathway fluid injector(s) for inflating and/or cleaning the body cavityinto which endoscope 153 is inserted.

Reference is now made to FIG. 1H, which shows a perspective view of amulti-camera endoscope 153, according to other embodiments. Theendoscope shown in FIG. 1H, is similar to that shown in FIG. 1G,however, it does not include a working channel. Elongated shaft 155, tipsection 157, first side-pointing camera 158A, second side-pointingcamera and third side-pointing camera, and their respective fields ofview 159A, 159B, and 159C are similar to those described above withreference to FIG. 1G.

Reference is now made to FIG. 1I, which shows a cross-sectional view ofa tip section 163 of a multi-camera endoscope, according to anembodiment. Tip section 163 may include a front-pointing image sensor169, such as a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) or a Complementary MetalOxide Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. Front-pointing image sensor 169may be mounted on an integrated circuit board 179, which may be rigid orflexible. Integrated circuit board 179 may supply front-pointing imagesensor 169 with necessary electrical power and may derive still imagesand/or video feeds captured by the image sensor. Integrated circuitboard 179 may be connected to a set of electrical cables (not shown)which may be threaded through an electrical channel running through theelongated shaft of the endoscope. Front-pointing image sensor 169 mayhave a lens assembly 181 mounted on top of it and providing thenecessary optics for receiving images. Lens assembly 181 may include aplurality of lenses, static or movable, which may provide a field ofview of at least 90 degrees and up to essentially 180 degrees. Lensassembly 181 may provide a focal length of about 3 to 100 millimeters.Front-pointing image sensor 169 and lens assembly 181, with or withoutintegrated circuit board 179, may be jointly referred to as a “frontpointing camera”.

One or more discrete front illuminators 183 may be placed next to lensassembly 181, for illuminating its field of view. Optionally, discretefront illuminators 183 may be attached to the same integrated circuitboard 179 on which front-pointing image sensor 169 is mounted (thisconfiguration is not shown).

Tip section 163 may include a side-pointing image sensor 185, such as aCharge Coupled Device (CCD) or a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor(CMOS) image sensor. Side-pointing image sensor 185 may be mounted on anintegrated circuit board 187, which may be rigid or flexible. Integratedcircuit board 187 may supply side-pointing image sensor 185 withnecessary electrical power and may derive still images and/or videofeeds captured by the image sensor. Integrated circuit board 187 may beconnected to a set of electrical cables (not shown) which may bethreaded through an electrical channel running through the elongatedshaft of the endoscope.

Side-pointing image sensor 185 may have a lens assembly 168 mounted ontop of it and providing the necessary optics for receiving images. Lensassembly 168 may include a plurality of lenses, static or movable, whichmay provide a field of view of at least 90 degrees and up to essentially180 degrees. Lens assembly 168 may provide a focal length of about 2 to33 millimeters. Side-pointing image sensor 185 and lens assembly 168,with or without integrated circuit board 187, may be jointly referred toas a “side pointing camera”.

One or more discrete side illuminators 176 may be placed next to lensassembly 168, for illuminating its field of view. Optionally, discreteside illuminators 176 may be attached to the same integrated circuitboard 187 on which side-pointing image sensor 185 is mounted (thisconfiguration is not shown).

In another configuration (not shown), integrated circuit boards 179 and187 may be a single integrated circuit board on which both front andside-pointing image sensors 169 and 185, respectively, are mounted. Forthis purpose, the integrated circuit board may be essentially L-shaped.

Front and side-pointing image sensors 169 and 185 may be similar oridentical in terms of, for example, field of view, resolution, lightsensitivity, pixel size, focal length, focal distance and/or the like.

Optionally, side-pointing image sensor 185 and lens assembly 168 areadvantageously positioned relatively close to the distal end surface oftip section 163. For example, a center of the side-pointing camera(which is the center axis of side-pointing image sensor 185 and lensassembly 168) is positioned approximately 7 to 11 millimeters from thedistal end of the tip section. This is enabled by an advantageousminiaturizing of the front and side-pointing cameras, which allows forenough internal space in the tip section for angular positioning of thecameras without colliding.

Reference is now made to FIG. 1J, which shows a cross-sectional view ofa tip section 162 of a multi-camera endoscope, according to anotherembodiment of the specification. Tip section 162, similar to tip section163 of FIG. 1I, may include a front-pointing image sensor 169, such as aCharge Coupled Device (CCD) or a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor(CMOS) image sensor. Front-pointing image sensor 169 may be mounted onan integrated circuit board 179, which may be rigid or flexible.Integrated circuit board 179 may supply front-pointing image sensor 169with necessary electrical power and may derive still images and/or videofeeds captured by the image sensor. Integrated circuit board 179 may beconnected to a set of electrical cables (not shown) which may bethreaded through an electrical channel running through the elongatedshaft of the endoscope. Front-pointing image sensor 169 may have a lensassembly 181 mounted on top of it and providing the necessary optics forreceiving images. Lens assembly 181 may include a plurality of lenses,static or movable, which may provide a field of view of at least 90degrees and up to essentially 180 degrees. Lens assembly 181 may providea focal length of about 3 to 100 millimeters. Front-pointing imagesensor 169 and lens assembly 181, with or without integrated circuitboard 179, may be jointly referred to as a “front pointing camera”. Oneor more discrete front illuminators 183 may be placed next to lensassembly 181, for illuminating its field of view. Optionally, discretefront illuminators 183 may be attached to the same integrated circuitboard 179 on which front-pointing image sensor 169 is mounted (thisconfiguration is not shown).

Tip section 162 may include, in addition to side-pointing image sensor185, another side-pointing image sensor 164. Side-pointing image sensors185 and 164 may include a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) or a ComplementaryMetal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. Side-pointing imagesensors 185 and 164 may be mounted on integrated circuit boards 187 and166, respectively, which may be rigid or flexible. Integrated circuitboards 187 and 166 may supply side-pointing image sensors 185 and 164with necessary electrical power and may derive still images and/or videofeeds captured by the image sensor. Integrated circuit boards 187 and166 may be connected to a set of electrical cables (not shown) which maybe threaded through an electrical channel running through the elongatedshaft of the endoscope.

Side-pointing image sensors 185 and 164 may have lens assemblies 168 and174, respectively, mounted on top of them and providing the necessaryoptics for receiving images. Lens assemblies 168 and 174 may include aplurality of lenses, static or movable, which may provide a field ofview of at least 90 degrees and up to essentially 180 degrees. Lensassemblies 168 and 174 may provide a focal length of about 2 to 33millimeters. Side-pointing image sensors 185 and 164 and lens assemblies168 and 174, with or without integrated circuit boards 187 and 166,respectively, may be jointly referred to as a “side pointing cameras”.

Discrete side illuminators 176 and 189 may be placed next to lensassemblies 168 and 174, respectively, for illuminating its field ofview. Optionally, discrete side illuminators 176 and 189 may be attachedto the same integrated circuit boards 187 and 166 on which side-pointingimage sensors 185 and 164 are mounted (this configuration is not shown).

In another configuration (not shown), integrated circuit boards 179,187, and 166 may be a single integrated circuit board on which front andside-pointing image sensors 169, 185, and 164, respectively, aremounted.

Front and side-pointing image sensors 169, 185, and 164 may be similar,identical or distinct in terms of, for example, field of view,resolution, light sensitivity, pixel size, focal length, focal distanceand/or the like.

Optionally, side-pointing image sensors 185 and 164 and lens assemblies168 and 174 are advantageously positioned relatively close to the distalend surface of tip section 162. For example, a center of theside-pointing cameras (which is the center axis of side-pointing imagesensors 185 and 164 and lens assemblies 168 and 174) is positionedapproximately 7 to 11 millimeters from the distal end of the tipsection. This is enabled by an advantageous miniaturizing of the frontand side-pointing cameras, which allows for enough internal space in thetip section for angular positioning of the cameras without colliding.

According to some embodiments, the front and side-pointing cameras areall positioned on the same (imaginary) plain which “divides” tip section162 into two equal parts along its length. According to someembodiments, each of the side-pointing cameras is perpendicular to thefront pointing camera.

In accordance with an aspect of the present specification, the fields ofview of the front and side-pointing viewing elements overlap. Thesefields of view are configured to maximize the area of overlap (andminimize a dead space which may be defined as an area that is notcovered by the overlap) and bring the point of intersection of thefields of view as close as possible to the endoscope tip.

In one embodiment, the area of overlap, or intersecting field of view,occurs over a depth of field range of between 3 mm and 100 mm for theforward looking viewing element and over a depth of field range ofbetween 3 mm and 100 mm for the first side viewing element. In anotherembodiment, the area of overlap, or intersecting field of view, occursover a depth of field range of between the minimum and maximum depth offield for the forward looking viewing element and over a depth of fieldrange of between the minimum and maximum depth of field for the firstside viewing element.

In another embodiment, the area of overlap, or intersecting field ofview, occurs over a depth of field range of between 3 mm and 100 mm forthe forward looking viewing element and over a depth of field range ofbetween 3 mm and 100 mm for each of the two side viewing elements. Inanother embodiment, the area of overlap, or intersecting field of view,occurs over a depth of field range of between the minimum and maximumdepth of field for the forward looking viewing element and over a depthof field range of between the minimum and maximum depth of field foreach of the side viewing elements.

In an embodiment, each of the forward looking and side looking viewingelements generates a view ranging from 120 to 180 degrees, as measuredfrom the planar surface defined by the forward looking viewing elementsurface and the planar surface defined by the side viewing elementsurface, respectively. In an embodiment, these angle ranges of theforward looking and side viewing elements overlap.

In an embodiment, the field of view of the first viewing elementintersects with the field of view of the second and/or third viewingelements within a distance of 15 mm from the endoscope tip, firstviewing element, second viewing element, or third viewing element.Preferably the distance is less than 15 mm, such as, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10,9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 mm.

FIGS. 2A and 2B show exploded views of a tip section 200 of amulti-viewing element endoscope assembly 100 comprising one and twofront working/service channels, respectively, according to variousembodiments. An aspect of some embodiments also relates to endoscopeassembly 100 having the tip section 200 equipped with one or more sideworking/service channels.

Persons of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that availablespace in the tip section may impose a constraint on the total numberand/or the relative orientations of image capturing devices that may bepackaged within the tip section. Further, each viewing element, andrelated supporting electronic circuitry, dissipates some power in theform of heat. Thus, an acceptable working temperature of the tip sectionand an allowed heat dissipation rate from the tip section to thepatient's body impose yet another restriction on the total number ofoperative viewing elements therein. Further yet, each viewing elementoutputs image data through an imaging channel, generally employed by adedicated video cable. Moreover, each viewing element may require, forproper operation, dedicated control signals also delivered by wiresalong the endoscope. Thus, the number of viewing elements may also belimited by the amount of wiring that can be included within theendoscope. Further yet, electronic interference between wires and cablesmay generally increase with the number of such wires along theendoscope, adversely affecting the quality and integrity of the signals.

The aforementioned constraints or limitations, among others, areaddressed in various embodiments of the tip section of the endoscopeassembly of the present specification. Accordingly, in an embodiment,tip section 200 of the endoscope 100 of FIGS. 2A and 2B may include atip cover 300, an electronic circuit board assembly 400 and a fluidchanneling component 600.

According to some embodiments, fluid channeling component 600 may beconfigured as a separate component from electronic circuit boardassembly 400. This configuration may be adapted to separate the fluidchannels, at least one side service channel, such as side servicechannel 650, and at least one front working/service channel, such asworking/service channel 640, which are located in fluid channelingcomponent 600, from the sensitive electronic and optical parts which maybe located in the area of electronic circuit board assembly 400. Thus,the component structure of the tip section 200 enables effectiveinsulation of the plurality of electronic elements from the plurality offluid channels.

According to some embodiments, the use of metal for the construction ofa flexible electronic circuit board holder is important for electricconductivity and heat transfer purposes. The flexible electronic circuitboard holder, according to embodiments of the specification (such asflexible electronic circuit board holder 500 of FIG. 19), can be used asa heat sink for some or all of the electronic components located at thetip section, particularly illuminators (such as side or front LEDs) andreduce overall temperature of the endoscope tip. This may solve or atleast mitigate a major problem of raised temperatures of the endoscopetip and/or any of its components, particularly when using LEDilluminators.

According to some embodiments, the viewing elements and optionally otherelements that exist in the tip section (such as a plurality ofilluminators or light sources, one or more front and/or sideworking/service channels, one or more front and side jet channels, aside fluid injector, an electronic circuit board assembly and/or thelike) are uniquely modularized into a three part component structurecomprising the tip cover 300, electronic circuit board assembly 400 andfluid channeling component 600 and packaged so that they fit within theminimalistic space available inside the tip section, while stillproviding valuable results.

Referring to FIG. 2A, according to some embodiments, the tip section 200includes a front panel 320 which comprises four quadrants defined by avertical axis passing through a center of the front panel 320 and ahorizontal axis passing through the center, wherein the four quadrantsinclude a top left quadrant, a top right quadrant, a bottom leftquadrant and a bottom right quadrant.

In various embodiments, a transparent surface, window, or opening tofront optical lens assembly 256 is positioned on the front panel 320. Invarious embodiments, a first front optical window 242 b, for a firstfront illuminator 240 b, is positioned on the front panel 320, at leastpartially within the bottom right quadrant and at least partially withinthe bottom left quadrant. In various embodiments, a second front opticalwindow 242 a, for a second front illuminator 240 a, is positioned on thefront panel 320, at least partially within the bottom left quadrant. Invarious embodiments, a third front optical window 242 c, for a thirdfront illuminator 240 c, is positioned on the front panel 320, at leastpartially within the bottom right quadrant.

In various embodiments, a front working channel opening 340, for workingchannel 640, is positioned on the front panel 320, along the verticalaxis and at least partially within the top left quadrant and partiallywithin the top right quadrant. In various embodiments, a fluid injectoropening 346, for a fluid injector channel 646, is positioned on thefront panel 320, at least partially within the top right quadrant. Invarious embodiments, a jet channel opening 344, for a jet channel 644,is positioned on the front panel 320, at least partially within the topleft quadrant.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2A along with FIGS. 3A and 3B, which showa perspective view of a fluid channeling component 600 of an endoscopeassembly according to an embodiment. According to some embodiments,fluid channeling component 600 may include a proximal fluid channelingsection 602 (or base) which may have an essentially cylindrical shapeand a unitary distal channeling section 604 (or elongated housing).Distal fluid channeling section 604 may partially continue thecylindrical shape of proximal fluid channeling section 602 and may havea shape of a partial cylinder (optionally elongated partial cylinder).Distal fluid channeling section 604 may have only a fraction of thecylinder (along the height or length axis of the cylinder), whereinanother fraction of the cylinder (along the height or length axis of thecylinder) is missing. In other words, in various embodiments, proximalfluid channeling section 602 has a greater width than distal fluidchanneling section 604. Distal fluid channeling section 604 may beintegrally formed as a unitary block with proximal fluid channelingsection 602. The height or length of distal fluid channeling section 604may by higher or longer than the height or length of proximal fluidchanneling section 602. In the embodiment comprising distal fluidchanneling section 604, the shape of the partial cylinder (for example,partial cylinder having only a fraction of a cylinder shape along oneside of the height axis) may provide a space to accommodate electroniccircuit board assembly 400 (FIG. 2A).

Distal fluid channeling section 604 may include a working channel 640,which may be configured for insertion of a surgical tool, for example,to remove, treat and/or extract a sample of the object of interest foundin the colon or its entirety for biopsy.

Distal fluid channeling section 604 may further include a jet fluidchannel 644 which may be configured for providing a high pressure jet offluid, such as water or saline, for cleaning the walls of the bodycavity (such as the colon) and optionally for suction. Distal fluidchanneling section 604 may further include injector channel 646, whichmay be used for injecting fluid (liquid and/or gas) to wash contaminantssuch as blood, feces and other debris from a surface of front opticallens assembly 256 (FIG. 2A) of forward-looking viewing element 116 (FIG.2A). Proximal fluid channeling section 602 of fluid channeling component600 may include a side injector channel 666 which may be connected toside injector opening 266 (FIG. 2A).

In one embodiment, fluid channeling component 600 comprises a fluidmanifold and may include a side service channel 650 having a sideservice channel opening 350 (FIG. 2A). Side service channel 650 includesa proximal section 652, a curve 654 and a distal section 656 and islocated within fluid channeling component 600.

Proximal section 652 of side service channel 650 is essentially directedalong the long dimension of the endoscope.

Curve 654 of side service channel 650 is configured to connect proximalsection 652 and distal section 656 and curve (at essentially a rightangle or in an obtuse angle) distal section 656 towards the side offluid channeling component 600.

It is noted that according to some embodiments, a curve, such as curve654 may be configured to create an acute angle between proximal section652 and distal section 656.

Side service channel 650 may be configured to allow the endoscopeoperator to insert a surgical tool (not shown) and remove, treat and/orextract a sample of the object of interest or its entirety for biopsy.

Advantageously, side service channel 650 may allow greater flexibilityto the endoscope operator and allow the insertion of extra surgicaltools in addition to the surgical tools which may be inserted throughworking channel 640.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2A along with FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C, whichshow a perspective view of a fluid channeling component 700 of anendoscope assembly according to another embodiment. The fluid channelingcomponent 700 comprises a jet fluid channel 744 which may be configuredfor providing a high pressure jet of fluid such as water or saline forcleaning the walls of the body cavity (such as the colon) and optionallyfor suction. Component 700 may further include injector channel 746,which may be used for injecting fluid (liquid and/or gas) to washcontaminants such as blood, feces and other debris from a surface offront optical lens assembly 256 (FIG. 2A) of forward-looking viewingelement 116 (FIG. 2A).

According to some embodiments, fluid channeling component 700 mayinclude a proximal fluid channeling section 702 (or base) which may havean essentially cylindrical shape and a unitary distal channeling section704 (or elongated housing). Distal fluid channeling section 704 maypartially continue the cylindrical shape of proximal fluid channelingsection 702 and may have a shape of a partial cylinder (optionallyelongated partial cylinder). Distal fluid channeling section 704 mayhave only a fraction of the cylinder (along the height or length axis ofthe cylinder), wherein another fraction of the cylinder (along theheight or length axis of the cylinder) is missing. In other words, invarious embodiments, proximal fluid channeling section 702 has a greaterwidth than distal fluid channeling section 704. Distal fluid channelingsection 704 may be integrally formed as a unitary block with proximalfluid channeling section 702. The height or length of distal fluidchanneling section 704 may by higher or longer than the height or lengthof proximal fluid channeling section 702. In the embodiment comprisingdistal fluid channeling section 704, the shape of the partial cylinder(for example, partial cylinder having only a fraction of a cylindershape along one side of the height axis) may provide a space toaccommodate electronic circuit board assembly 400 (FIG. 2A).

According to some embodiments, fluid channeling component 700 comprisesa fluid manifold and may include a side service channel 750 having twoside service channel openings 758 a and 758 b. In various embodiments,side service channel openings 758 a and 758 b have an angle of exitranging from 5 to 90 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis of theendoscope. In one embodiment, side service channel openings 758 a and758 b have an angle of exit of 45 degrees relative to the longitudinalaxis of the endoscope.

Side service channel 750 may be located within fluid channelingcomponent 700 and may include a proximal section 752, a split 754 andtwo distal sections 756 a and 756 b.

Proximal section 752 of side service channel 750 may be essentiallydirected along the long dimension of the endoscope and may be positionedat the bottom and center of the proximal fluid channeling section 702.

Split 754 of side service channel 750 may be configured to splitproximal section 752 into two distal sections 756 a and 756 b and divertdistal sections 756 a and 756 b towards two essentially opposite sidesof fluid channeling component 700.

In various embodiments, the distal sections 756 a and 756 b bend atdifferent angles relative to the long dimension of the endoscope. In oneembodiment, the distal sections 756 a and 756 b bend at an acute anglerelative to the long dimension of the endoscope. In another embodiment,the distal sections 756 a and 756 b bend at an angle having a rangebetween 45 to 60 degrees relative to the long dimension of theendoscope. In another embodiment, the distal sections 756 a and 756 bbend at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the long dimension of theendoscope. In another embodiment, the distal sections 756 a and 756 bbend at an obtuse angle relative to the long dimension of the endoscope.In yet another embodiment, the distal sections 756 a and 756 b bend atan angle having a range of 120 to 135 degrees relative to the longdimension of the endoscope.

Side service channel 750 may be configured to allow the endoscopeoperator to insert a surgical tool (not shown) and remove, treat and/orextract a sample of the object of interest or its entirety for biopsy.

Advantageously, side service channel 750 may allow greater flexibilityto the endoscope operator and allow the insertion of extra surgicaltools in addition to the surgical tools, which may be inserted throughworking channel 740.

While some objects of interest may be visible and/or accessible via theendoscope front panel 320 (FIG. 2A), some objects of interest may bemore visible via side looking viewing element 116 b (FIG. 2A) and/oraccessible via endoscope side service channel 750. Therefore, sideservice channel 750 may reduce the need to turn the tip section 200towards the object of interest. Furthermore, side service channel 750may allow the endoscope operator to access objects of interest, andperform surgical operations while the object of interest is stillvisible by one of side looking viewing elements 116 b or 116 c (on theopposite side of viewing element 116 b of FIG. 2B).

Referring to FIGS. 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B and 4C in various embodiments, asurgical tool inserted into the side service channel 650 or 750 willexit the endoscope at different angles relative to the long dimension ofthe endoscope, dependent upon the degree of the bend of the distalsections of said service channel 650 or 750. In one embodiment, thesurgical tool exits the endoscope at an acute angle relative to the longdimension of the endoscope. In another embodiment, the surgical toolexits the endoscope at an angle having a range between 45 to 60 degreesrelative to the long dimension of the endoscope. In another embodiment,the surgical tool exits the endoscope at an angle of 90 degrees relativeto the long dimension of the endoscope. In another embodiment, thesurgical tool exits the endoscope at an obtuse angle relative to thelong dimension of the endoscope. In yet another embodiment, the surgicaltool exits the endoscope at an angle having a range of 120 to 135degrees relative to the long dimension of the endoscope.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 5A and 5B, which show a perspective viewof a fluid channeling component 815 of an endoscope assembly accordingto another embodiment.

According to some embodiments, fluid channeling component 815 mayinclude a proximal fluid channeling section 802 (or base) which may havean essentially cylindrical shape and a unitary distal channeling section804 (or elongated housing). Distal fluid channeling section 804 maypartially continue the cylindrical shape of proximal fluid channelingsection 802 and may have a shape of a partial cylinder (optionallyelongated partial cylinder). Distal fluid channeling section 804 mayhave only a fraction of the cylinder (along the height or length axis ofthe cylinder), wherein another fraction of the cylinder (along theheight or length axis of the cylinder) is missing. In other words, invarious embodiments, proximal fluid channeling section 802 has a greaterwidth than distal fluid channeling section 804. Distal fluid channelingsection 804 may be integrally formed as a unitary block with proximalfluid channeling section 802. The height or length of distal fluidchanneling section 804 may by higher or longer than the height or lengthof proximal fluid channeling section 802. In the embodiment comprisingdistal fluid channeling section 804, the shape of the partial cylinder(for example, partial cylinder having only a fraction of a cylindershape along one side of the height axis) may provide a space toaccommodate electronic circuit board assembly 400 (FIG. 2A).

The fluid channeling component 815 comprises two side service channels810 a, 810 b leading to corresponding two side service channel openings805 a, 805 b on either side of a tip section of an endoscope, such asthe tip section 200 of FIG. 61A. Thus, two independent and distinct sideservice channels 810 a, 810 b, one for each side, are located within thefluid channeling component 815. The side service channels 810 a, 810 bcomprise proximal sections 812 directed along the long dimension of theendoscope and distal sections 813 that bend towards the respective sidesof the fluid channeling component 815. In various embodiments, theproximal sections 812 of the two side service channels 810 a, 810 bextend through a bottom portion of the proximal fluid channeling section802. In one embodiment, the distal sections 813 bend at acute angleswith reference to the long dimension of the endoscope. In an embodiment,the distal sections 813 bend at a range of 5 degrees to 90 degrees andany increment therein, but preferably 45 degrees relative to the longdimension of the endoscope.

According to some embodiments of this specification, there is providedherein an endoscope (such as a colonoscope) that includes (in a tipsection thereof), in addition to a front viewing element and one or moreside viewing elements, and in addition to a front working/servicechannel, a second front working/service channel that is configured forinsertion of a medical (such as a surgical) tool, optionally in additionto a medical tool inserted from the front working/service channel.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2B along with FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C whichshow perspective views of a fluid channeling component 600 of anendoscope assembly 100 according to another embodiment.

According to some embodiments, fluid channeling component 600 may beconfigured as a separate component from electronic circuit boardassembly 400 (FIG. 2B). This configuration may be adapted to separatethe fluid channels 640 b and working channels 640 a, which are locatedin fluid channeling component 600, from the sensitive electronic andoptical parts which may be located in the area of electronic circuitboard assembly 400 (FIG. 2B).

According to some embodiments, fluid channeling component 600 mayinclude a proximal fluid channeling section 602 which may have anessentially cylindrical shape, a primary distal channeling section 604 aand a secondary distal channeling section 604 b. Primary distal fluidchanneling section 604 a and secondary distal channeling section 604 bmay partially continue the cylindrical shape of proximal fluidchanneling section 602 and may have a shape of a partial cylinder(optionally elongated partial cylinder). Primary distal fluid channelingsection 604 a and secondary distal channeling section 604 b may formsolely two parallel fractions of the cylinder (along the height axis ofthe cylinder), wherein the third fraction of the cylinder (along theheight axis of the cylinder) is missing. Primary distal fluid channelingsection 604 a and secondary distal channeling section 604 b may beintegrally formed as a unitary block with proximal fluid channelingsection 602. The height of primary distal fluid channeling section 604 aand secondary distal channeling section 604 b may by higher than that ofproximal fluid channeling section 602. The primary distal fluidchanneling section 604 a and secondary distal channeling section 604 bmay have the shape of the partial cylinder (for example, partialcylinder having only a fraction of a cylinder shape along one side ofthe height axis) and provide a space to accommodate electronic circuitboard assembly 400 (FIG. 2B).

Proximal fluid channeling section 602 may include integrated screw nuts606 a and 606 b, which may be configured for securing tip section 200(FIG. 2B) to the endoscope shaft (not shown).

Primary distal fluid channeling section 604 a may include workingchannel 640 a having a working channel opening 340 a, which may beconfigured for insertion of a medical (such as a surgical) tool, forexample, to remove, treat and/or extract a sample of the object ofinterest found in the colon or its entirety for biopsy.

Working channel 640 a may be formed as an essentially cylindricalchannel located within primary distal channeling section 604 a along thelong dimension of the endoscope and placed in parallel to primary distalfluid channeling section 604 a.

Once an object of interest has been detected, the endoscope operator maydesire to insert one or more medical tools and remove, treat and/orextract a sample of the polyp or its entirety for biopsy. Therefore, itmay be beneficial for the endoscope's operator to be able to use morethan one medical tool.

Advantageously, secondary distal channeling section 604 b may include asecond working channels 640 b having a working channel opening 340 bwhich may be similar to working channel 640 a and may be configured forinsertion of a medical tool, for example but not necessarily, inaddition to the medical tool which may be inserted through workingchannel 640 a. The operator may also choose from which working channelhe or she would like to insert the medical tool, for example, accordingto the position of the polyp.

Second working channel 640 b may be formed as an essentially cylindricalchannel located within secondary distal channeling section 604 b alongthe long dimension of the endoscope and placed in parallel to secondarydistal channeling section 604 b. Other configurations may also bepossible. First and second working channels may be the same or differentin shape and size.

Second working channel 640 b may be configured to improve theperformance of the endoscope (particularly, the colonoscope). Currentcolonoscopes typically have one working channel, which opens at thefront distal section of the colonoscope. Such front working channel isadapted for insertion of a surgical tool. The physician is required toperform all necessary medical procedures, such as biopsy, polyp removaland other procedures, via this one channel.

A second working channel, such as second working channel 640 b, allowsgreater flexibility to the endoscope operator and allows the insertionof medical tools in addition to (or instead of) the medical tools whichmay be inserted through working channel 640 a.

This may significantly improve the performance of the endoscope andallow the endoscope operator to perform more complex medical proceduresusing two medical tools. Second working channel 640 b provides theendoscope operator better access to the object of interest and greaterflexibility with operating the medical tools while at the same timeviewing the procedure by the front pointing viewing element 116 a (FIG.2B). This substantially increases the performance of the endoscope.Moreover, the two front working channels may be used simultaneously formedical procedures. An example of such a procedure may include surgerythat requires stitching which can more easily be performed using twotools from two channels.

Another example of simultaneous usage of two working channels mayinclude cleaning of the colon. A common problem exists when physiciansfind out that the patient's colon is not sufficiently clean. In suchcases, the physician can try to clean the colon part using the “jet”exiting from the front part of the tip and in bad cases the physician isforced to send the patient home and reschedule his/her appointment.According to embodiments of the specification, the two channels can beused simultaneously for cleaning. For example, a cleaning fluid (such aswater or water with air) may be inserted through one working channel andsuctioned out from a second working channel. This may allow a bettercleaning procedure that may solve or mitigate the problem of lessefficient colonoscopies due to a non-cleaned colon.

In addition, a colonoscopy performed using a colonoscope according toembodiments of the specification may save the need of a cleaningprocedure, currently performed by the patient him/herself, prior tocolonoscopy.

Distal fluid channeling section 604 a may further include a jet fluidchannel 644 which may be configured for providing high pressure jet offluid such as water or saline for cleaning the walls of the body cavity(such as the colon) and optionally for suction. Distal fluid channelingsection 604 a may further include an injector channel pathway 647 offluid injector channel 646, which may be used for blending two fluids(like air and water) and convey the fluid blend into injector channel646 which may be configured to inject the fluid blend and washcontaminants such as blood, feces and other debris from a surface offront optical lens assembly 256 a (FIG. 2B) of front-pointing viewingelement 116 a (FIG. 2B).

Proximal fluid channeling section 602 of fluid channeling component 600may include side injector channels 666 a and 666 b, which may beconnected to a first side injector opening 266 a and a second sideinjector opening (not visible, but present on the opposite side ofopening 266 a of FIG. 2B) respectively.

In accordance with another embodiment, the present specificationprovides an endoscope with a second front working/service channel inclose proximity to a first front working/service channel. In anembodiment, the distance between the two front working/service channelsprovided ranges from 0.40 mm to 0.45 mm. In an embodiment, the two frontworking/service channels may be configured for insertion of medicaltools allowing simultaneous operation for a specific treatment, such as,treating a tumor or polyp. In another embodiment, one or both of thefront working/service channels may be adapted to allow for suctionduring a procedure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a tip section of an endoscopeassembly showing a fluid channeling component or manifold 645, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification. According tosome embodiments, fluid channeling component or manifold 645 includes aproximal fluid channeling section, end or base 702, which has asubstantially cylindrical shape, and a primary distal channeling sectionor casing 704. In accordance with some embodiments, the fluid channelingcomponent or manifold 645 is L-shaped. Primary distal fluid channelingsection or casing 704 partially continues the cylindrical shape ofproximal fluid channeling section or end 702 and has a shape of apartial cylinder (optionally elongated partial cylinder). Primary distalfluid channeling section or casing 704 forms a fraction of the cylinder(along the height axis of the cylinder), wherein the other fraction ofthe cylinder (along the height axis of the cylinder) is missing. Primarydistal fluid channeling section or casing 704 is integrally formed as aunitary block with proximal fluid channeling section or base 702 andextends outward from the base 702. The height or width, along axis ‘y’,of primary distal fluid channeling section or casing 704 is less thanthat of proximal fluid channeling section or base 702. The length, alongaxis ‘x’, of casing 704 is greater than the length of base 702.

As illustrated, the fluid channeling component or manifold 645 comprisesa distal end 321 having a jet fluid channel 644, an injector channelpathway 647, a first front working/service channel 648 and a secondfront working/service channel 649. Each of the four channels 644, 647,648 and 649 are fluidically isolated from each other and extend from thebase or proximal end 702 to the distal end 321. Also, each of the fourchannels 644, 647, 648 and 649 has a diameter that remains substantiallyuniform or constant from the length spanning the proximal end 702 to thedistal end 321. In one embodiment, the diameter of the first frontworking/service channel 648 is in a range of 3.6 mm to 4.0 mm and thediameter of the second front working/service channel 649 is in a rangeof 2.6 mm to 3.0 mm. In another embodiment, the diameter of the firstworking/service channel 340 a is in a range of 3.4 mm to 4.2 mm and thediameter of the second working/service channel 340 b is in a range of2.4 mm to 3.2 mm. In an embodiment, the diameters of the first and thesecond front working/service channels 648, 649 are 3.8 mm and 2.8 mmrespectively.

Similar to FIG. 2A, according to some embodiments, the front panel 320of the fluid channeling component 645 depicted in FIG. 7 comprises fourquadrants defined by a vertical axis passing through a center of thefront panel 320 and a horizontal axis passing through the center,wherein the four quadrants include a top left quadrant, a top rightquadrant, a bottom left quadrant and a bottom right quadrant. In variousembodiments, the first front working/service channel 648 includes anexit port positioned substantially within the top right quadrant of thefront panel 320 and the second working/service channel 649 includes anexit port positioned substantially within the top left quadrant of thefront panel 320.

Provision of the two front working/service channels may significantlyimprove the performance of the endoscope and allow the endoscopeoperator to perform more complex medical procedures using two medicaltools. The second working/service channel provides the endoscopeoperator better access to an object of interest and greater flexibilitywith operating the medical tools while simultaneously viewing theprocedure via the front-pointing viewing element. This substantiallyincreases the performance of the endoscope. Moreover, the two frontworking/service channels may be used simultaneously for medicalprocedures. An example of such a procedure includes a surgery thatrequires stitching which can more easily be performed using two toolsfrom two channels.

Another example employing simultaneous usage of two frontworking/service channels include cleaning of the colon. A common problemexists when physicians find out that the patient's colon is notsufficiently clean. In such cases, the physician can try to clean thecolon part using the “jet” exiting from the front part of the tip.However, for cases in which the colon cannot be cleaned by the frontjet, the physician is forced to send the patient home and reschedulehis/her appointment. According to embodiments of the presentspecification, the two channels can be used simultaneously for cleaning.For example, a cleaning fluid (such as water or water with air) may beinserted through one service channel and suctioned out from a secondservice channel. This may allow a better cleaning procedure that maysolve or mitigate the problem of less efficient colonoscopies due to anon-cleaned colon.

In addition, a colonoscopy performed using a colonoscope according toembodiments of the present specification may eliminate the need of acleaning procedure, currently performed by the patient him/herself,prior to colonoscopy.

In addition, a gastroscopy performed using a gastroscope according toembodiments of the present specification may eliminate the need of acleaning procedure, currently performed by the patient him/herself,prior to gastroscopy.

In an embodiment, the two front working/service channels are provided ina colonoscope with a front optical assembly and two side opticalassemblies. In another embodiment, the two front working/servicechannels are provided in a gastroscope with a front optical assembly andone side optical assembly.

In accordance with some embodiments of the specification, there isprovided a tip section of a multi-viewing element endoscope, the tipsection comprising: a unitary fluid channeling component adapted tochannel fluid for insufflation and/or irrigation (hereinafterabbreviated to ‘I/I’), the unitary fluid channeling componentcomprising: a proximal opening adapted to receive a fluid tube, theproximal opening being in fluid flow connection with a front fluidchannel and a side fluid channel, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 8 schematically depicts an isometric proximal view of an inner partof a tip section of an endoscope according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe current specification, showing the entrances of various channels inthe inner part of a tip section.

Inner part 890 of a tip section is located within the tip section andmay be used for holding in place the components of the endoscope's tipsection such as injectors 364, 366 a and 366 b, viewing elements, lensesand other elements. A cover (not seen in this figure) is placed overinner part 890. Some elements, for example injectors 364, 366 a, and 366b (and optionally side viewing element 256 b) may be assembled after thecover is placed.

Inner part 890 of a tip section may comprise of several parts. In thedepicted embodiment, inner part 890 of the tip section comprises:unitary fluid channeling component 190, central section 192 and frontsection 194 (also seen in FIGS. 9A, 9B below). Unitary fluid channelingcomponent 190 may be made of a metal or any other material, such as apolymer, a composite material or any other appropriate material orcombination of materials. Unitary fluid channeling component 190,according to some embodiments, may generally include two parts: aproximal fluid channeling component section 190 a and a distal fluidchanneling component section 190 b. Proximal fluid channeling componentsection 190 a may have an essentially cylindrical shape. Distal unitarychanneling component section 190 b may partially continue thecylindrical shape of proximal fluid channeling component section 190 aand may have a shape of a partial cylinder (optionally elongated partialcylinder), having only a fraction of the cylinder (along the height axisof the cylinder), wherein another fraction of the cylinder (along theheight axis of the cylinder) is missing.

Distal fluid channeling component section 190 b may be integrally formedas a unitary block with proximal fluid channeling component section 190a. The height of distal fluid channeling component section 190 b may behigher than that of proximal fluid channeling component section 190 a.In the embodiment comprising distal fluid channeling component section190 b, the shape of the partial cylinder (for example, partial cylinderhaving only a fraction of a cylinder shape along one side of the heightaxis) may provide a space to accommodate central section 192. Centralsection 192 may include electronics and optical components, such aslight means (LEDs for example), viewing elements (CCD or CMOS, forexample), lenses, and other elements. This configuration of inner part890 of the tip section may thus be adapted to separate the fluidchannels and working channels, which are located in fluid channelingcomponent 190 from the sensitive electronic and optical parts which arelocated in central section 192.

On the proximal surface 191 of unitary fluid channeling component 190 isproximal opening 144 of the jet fluid channel leading to a distalopening of the jet channel. Fluid tube (not shown in this figure forsimplification purposes) may be inserted into, and affixed to the distalopening of the jet fluid channel. The jet fluid tube is threaded througha flexible shaft and is used for delivering fluid to the body cavity.

On the proximal surface 191 of unitary fluid channeling component 190 isproximal opening 165 of a working channel leading to distal opening 340(FIG. 9B) of the working channel. Working channel tube/tools may beinserted into, and optionally affixed to proximal opening 165 of theworking channel. The working channel is threaded through the flexibleshaft and is used for delivering surgical tools to the body cavity. Theworking channel may also be used for suction of fluid from the bodycavity.

On the proximal surface 191 of unitary fluid channeling component 190 isthe electric cable opening 150 for an electrical cable. The electricalcable is connected at its distal end to the electronic components suchas cameras and light sources in the endoscope's tip section. Theelectrical cable is threaded through the flexible shaft and is used fordelivering electrical power and command signals to the tip section andtransmitting video signal from the cameras to be displayed to the user.

On the proximal surface 191 of unitary fluid channeling component 190 isthe I/I tubes proximal opening 891 for gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893(seen in FIG. 9A). Gas and fluid tubes may be inserted into, and affixedto proximal opening 110 of I/I channels manifold which delivers cleaningfluids to I/I injectors 364, 366 a, and 366 b. The gas and liquid tubes(such as gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893) may be threaded through theflexible shaft and are used for delivering fluid (gas and/or liquid) toI/I injectors 364, 366 a, and 366 b for cleaning the optical surfaces onthe endoscope's tip section and for inflating a body cavity. The gas andliquid tubes (such as gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893) may also becombined into one tube and connected to the tip section as one tube.

It should be realized that it is important to keep the dimensions of thetip section of the endoscope small. Within the tight confines of theendoscope's tip section are the sensors, lenses, electric cables, atleast one working channel, and a plurality of fluid channels. Incontrast to endoscopes of the art, wherein each of the fluid tubes wasdirected to its destination, embodiments of the current specificationprovide I/I channels manifold to supply cleaning liquid and gas to theplurality of I/I injectors.

While FIG. 8 generically depicts the unitary fluid channeling component190, and shows its proximal surface 191, the following figures depictsome specific exemplary embodiments of the I/I channels manifolds andmain bodies (such as cylinders), according to embodiments within thegeneral scope of the current specification.

FIG. 9A schematically depicts a partially disassembled tip section 230 aof an endoscope having I/I channels manifold internal to unitary fluidchanneling component 894 according to a first exemplary embodiment ofthe current specification.

Cover 196 a is designed to fit over inner part (of the tip section) 890a, and to provide protection to the internal components in the innerpart. Holes 164′, 340′, 344′, 242 a′, 336′, 242 b′, 256 b′, 252 b′ and166 b′ in cover 196 a are aligned with the corresponding components andchannel openings 164, 165, 144, 242 a, 336, 242 b, 256 b, 252 b and 366b in inner part 890 a respectively. Optional groove 370 b in cover 196 aenables cleaning fluid from injector 366 b to arrive, and clean thefront surface 252 b of side looking viewing element. Not seen in thisview are grooves and holes in cover 196 a which are aligned with thecorresponding components and channel openings on the other side of innerpart 100 a respectively.

After fitting and attaching cover 196 a over inner part 890 a, injectors364, 366 b and 366 a may be inserted into the corresponding frontopening 164, first side opening 166 b and opposite side openingrespectively, in unitary fluid channeling component 894 through thecorresponding front hole 164′, first side hole 166 b′ and opposite sidehole respectively, in cover 196 a. Preferably, injectors 364, 366 a and366 b may be removed from their corresponding openings for cleaning theendoscope after use. Optionally, injectors 364, 366 a and 366 b may bereplaceable or disposable. Optionally, nozzles, such as nozzle 348 (seenin FIGS. 2A and 2B) or any other nozzle, may be inserted into theunitary fluid channeling component, such as unitary fluid channelingcomponent 894, within an isolating (e.g., plastic) part into the openingto allow better electric isolation, particularly when the unitary fluidchanneling component and the nozzles are made of metal.

In the first exemplary embodiment of the current specification, frontopening 164, first side opening 166 b and the opening on the oppositeside are connected to proximal opening 891 for gas tube 892 and liquidtube 893 via I/I manifold channels which are within unitary fluidchanneling component 894. Distal opening 344′ is the opening of a jetfluid channel which may be used for providing a high pressure jet offluid, such as water or saline, for cleaning the walls of the bodycavity (such as the colon) and optionally for suction.

FIG. 9B schematically depicts an isometric cross section of inner part890 a having I/I channels manifold internal to unitary fluid channelingcomponent 894 according to a first exemplary embodiment of the currentspecification.

In the depicted embodiment, gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893 areterminated in a plug 109 adapted to fit into proximal opening 891. Itshould be noted that although gas tube 892 appears above liquid tube893, their order may be reversed, they may be positioned side by side,or replaced with a single tube or the tubes may be joined to one tubebefore entering inner part 890 a. Alternatively, each of gas tube 892and liquid tube 893 is separately connected to unitary fluid channelingcomponent 894, and their lumens open to a common conduit.

Proximal opening 891 for gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893 is opened toI/I channel manifold. This cross section shows proximal opening 891opened to front channel 171 leading to front opening 164 into whichfront injector 364 is inserted. According to some embodiments, frontchannel 171 (may also be referred to as front fluid channel) may bedrilled in unitary fluid channeling component 894. It should be notedthat unitary fluid channeling component 894 and other parts of innerpart 890 a may be machined or be made by casting, sintering, injectionor other manufacturing techniques.

Reference is now made to FIG. 9C, which schematically depicts anisometric cross section of unitary fluid channeling component 894 havingI/I channels manifold internal to it according to a first exemplaryembodiment of the current specification and to FIG. 9D, whichschematically depicts another isometric cross section of inner part 890a, showing unitary fluid channeling component 894 having I/I channelsmanifold internal to it according to a first exemplary embodiment of thecurrent specification.

Proximal opening 891 for gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893 is seen inthis figure opened to I/I channel manifold. This cross section showsproximal opening 891 opened to cross channel 172 (may also be referredto as side fluid channel or side channel) leading to left opening 166 ainto which left injector 366 a is inserted and to right opening 166 binto which right injector 366 b is inserted.

According to some embodiments, cross channel 172 may be drilled inunitary fluid channeling component 894.

According to the first exemplary embodiment of the currentspecification, proximal opening 891 for gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893is directly opened to I/I channel manifold, within unitary fluidchanneling component 894 which comprises:

a) a right opening 166 b, connected to proximal opening 891, and intowhich right injector 366 b is inserted;

b) a front channel 171 connected to proximal opening 891, and leading tofront opening 164 into which front injector 364 is inserted (as seen inFIG. 9B); and

c) a cross channel 172, connected to the proximal opening 891, and whichis opened to left opening 166 a into which left injector 366 a isinserted.

FIG. 10A schematically depicts an isometric view of a partiallydisassembled tip section 230 b of an endoscope having I/I channelsmanifold partially internal and partially external to unitary fluidchanneling component 894 b according to a second exemplary embodiment ofthe current specification.

In contrast to the first embodiment depicted in FIGS. 9A through 9D, inthe embodiment depicted in FIGS. 10A through 10C, cleaning fluids aresupplied to left injector 366 a via a groove 472 in unitary fluidchanneling component 894 b. Groove 472 is connected in one side toproximal opening 891 by hole 474 and is opened to left opening 166 awhich can hardly be seen in this view.

Cover 196 b is designed to fit over inner part 890 b, and to provideprotection to the internal components of inner part 890 b. Additionally,cover 196 b is tightly fitted and preferably hermetically seals groove472 to convert it to a fluid tight conduit.

FIG. 10B schematically depicts an isometric view of inner part 890 b ofan endoscope tip section having I/I channels manifold partially internaland partially external to unitary fluid channeling component 894 baccording to a second exemplary embodiment of the current specification.

FIG. 10C schematically depicts an isometric cross section of unitaryfluid channeling component 894 b according to the second exemplaryembodiment of the current specification.

According to the second exemplary embodiment of the currentspecification, proximal opening 891 for gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893is seen in this figure opened to I/I channel manifold which comprises:

a) a right opening 166 b, connected to proximal opening 891, into whichright injector 366 b is inserted;

b) a front channel 171 connected to front opening 164 into which frontinjector 364 is inserted; and

c) hole 474 connected to groove 472 which is opened to left opening 166a (seen in FIG. 10A) into which left injector 366 a (seen in FIG. 10A)is inserted.

FIG. 11A schematically depicts an isometric view of a partiallydisassembled tip section 230 c of an endoscope having I/I channelsmanifold partially internal and partially external to unitary fluidchanneling component 894 c according to a third exemplary embodiment ofthe current specification.

In contrast to the first embodiment depicted in FIGS. 9A through 9D, inthe embodiment depicted in FIGS. 11A through 11D, fluids (liquid and/orgas) are supplied to left injector 366 b via a groove 572 in unitaryfluid channeling component 894 c. However, in contrast to the secondembodiment, depicted in FIGS. 10A through 10C, groove 572 is connectedin the right side to right opening 166 b and opened on the left to leftopening 166 a which can hardly be seen in this view.

Cover 196 c is designed to fit over inner part 890 c, and to provideprotection to the internal components of inner part 890 c. Additionally,cover 196 c is tightly fitted and preferably hermetically seals groove572 to convert it to a fluid tight conduit.

FIG. 11B schematically depicts an isometric view of inner part 890 c ofan endoscope tip section having I/I channels manifold partially internaland partially external to unitary fluid channeling component 894 caccording to a third exemplary embodiment of the current specification.

It should be noted that the location of groove 572 on surface of unitaryfluid channeling component 894 c, and its depth and shape may bedifferent.

FIG. 11C schematically depicts an isometric cross section of unitaryfluid channeling component 894 c according to the third exemplaryembodiment of the current specification.

Proximal opening 891 for gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893 is seen inthis figure opened to right opening 166 b and through it to groove 572leading to left opening 166 a.

FIG. 11D schematically depicts another isometric cross section ofunitary fluid channeling component 894 c according to the thirdexemplary embodiment of the current specification.

Proximal opening 891 for gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893 is seen inthis figure opened to right opening 166 b and through it to I/I manifoldwhich comprises:

a) a right opening 166 b, connected to proximal opening 891, into whichright injector 366 b is inserted;

b) a front channel 171, connected to proximal opening 891, and leadingto front opening 164 into which front injector 364 is inserted; and

c) a groove 572 which receives cleaning fluids from right opening 166 b,and is opened to left opening 166 a (seen in FIG. 11C) into which leftinjector 366 a is inserted.

FIG. 12A schematically depicts an isometric cross section view of anassembled tip section 230 d of an endoscope having I/I channels manifoldexternal to unitary fluid channeling component 894 d according to afourth exemplary embodiment of the current specification.

Similar to the third embodiment depicted in FIGS. 11A through 11D,groove 672 is connected in the right side to right opening 166 b andopened on the left to left opening 166 a (seen in FIG. 12C).

However, in contrast to the first, second and third embodiments depictedin FIGS. 9A through 9D, FIGS. 10A through 10C, and FIGS. 11A through 11Drespectively, in the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 12A through 12C,fluids are supplied to front injector 364 via a front groove 671 inunitary fluid channeling component 894 d. Front groove 671 is opened inits proximal end to groove 672, and at its distal end to front opening164.

Cover 196 d is designed to fit over inner part 890 d, and to provideprotection to the internal components of inner part 890 d. Additionally,cover 196 d is tightly fitted and preferably hermetically seals grooves671 and 672 to convert them to fluid tight conduits.

FIG. 12B schematically depicts an isometric view of inner part 890 d ofan endoscope tip section having I/I channels manifold external tounitary fluid channeling component 894 d according to a fourth exemplaryembodiment of the current specification.

It should be noted that the location of grooves 671 and 672 on surfaceof unitary fluid channeling component 894 d, and their depth and shapemay be different. For example, the location of any of the grooves may becompletely or partially inside the cover, for example, within the wallsof the cover.

FIG. 12C schematically depicts an isometric cross section of unitaryfluid channeling component 894 d according to the fourth exemplaryembodiment of the current specification.

Proximal opening 891 for gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893 is seen inthis figure opened to right opening 166 b and through it to groove 672leading to left opening 166 a. Also seen in this figure is theintersection of groove 672 and front groove 671.

According to the fourth embodiment of the current specification,proximal opening 891 for gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893 is opened toright opening 166 b and through it to an I/I manifold which comprises:

a) a right opening 166 b, connected to proximal opening 891, into whichright injector 366 b is inserted;

b) groove 672 which receives I/I fluids from right opening 166 b, and isopened to left opening 166 a into which left injector 366 a is inserted;and

c) front groove 671, receiving I/I fluids from groove 672, and connectedto front opening 164 (seen in FIG. 12A) into which front injector 364(seen in FIGS. 12A and 12B) is inserted.

FIG. 13A schematically depicts an isometric view of an assembled tipsection 230 e of an endoscope having I/I channels manifold partiallyexternal to unitary fluid channeling component 894 e according to afifth exemplary embodiment of the current specification.

For clarity, cover 196 d was drawn partially transparent to show innerpart 890 e.

Similar to the second embodiment depicted in FIGS. 10A through 10C,groove 772 is connected to proximal opening 891 (seen in FIG. 13D) byhole 774 and opened on the left to left opening 166 a (seen in FIG.13C).

Similar to the fourth embodiment depicted in FIGS. 12A through 12C,cleaning fluids are supplied to front injector 364 via a front groove771 in unitary fluid channeling component 894 e. Front groove 771 isopened in its proximal end to groove 772, and at its distal end to frontopening 164 (seen in FIG. 13D).

Cover 196 e is designed to fit over inner part 890 e, and to provideprotection to the internal components of inner part 890 e. Additionally,cover 196 e is tightly fitted and preferably hermetically seals grooves771 and 772 to convert them to fluid tight conduits.

FIG. 13B schematically depicts an isometric view of inner part 890 e ofan endoscope tip section having I/I channels manifold partially externalto unitary fluid channeling component 894 e according to a fifthexemplary embodiment of the current specification.

It should be noted that the location of grooves 771 and 772 on surfaceof unitary fluid channeling component 190 d, and their depth and shapemay be different.

FIG. 13C schematically depicts another isometric view of inner part 890e of an endoscope tip section having I/I channels manifold partiallyexternal to unitary fluid channeling component 894 e according to afifth exemplary embodiment of the current specification.

This embodiment depicts groove 772 connection to left opening 166 a(seen in FIG. 13D).

FIG. 13D schematically depicts an isometric cross section of endoscopetip section 230 e according to the fifth exemplary embodiment of thecurrent specification.

Proximal opening 891 for gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893 is seen inthis figure opened to right opening 166 b. Also seen in this figure ishole 774 connecting proximal opening 891 to front groove 771 and theconnection of front groove 771 to front opening 164.

According to the fifth embodiment of the current specification, proximalopening 891 for gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893 is opened to rightopening 166 b and through hole 774 to I/I manifold which comprises:

a) a right opening 166 b, connected to proximal opening 891, into whichright injector 366 b is inserted;

b) groove 772 (seen in FIGS. 13A through 13C) which receives fluids viahole 774 connected to proximal opening 891, and is opened to leftopening 166 a (seen in FIG. 13C) into which left injector 366 a (seen inFIGS. 13A through 13C) is inserted; and

c) front groove 771, receiving I/I fluids from hole 774, and connectedto front opening 164 into which front injector 364 b is inserted.

FIG. 14A schematically depicts an isometric view of an assembled tipsection 230 f of an endoscope having I/I channels manifold external tounitary fluid channeling component 894 f in inner part 890 f accordingto a sixth exemplary embodiment of the current specification.

Similar to the fourth embodiment depicted in FIGS. 12A through 12C,groove 872 in unitary fluid channeling component 894 f is connected inthe right side to right opening 166 b and opened on the left to leftopening 166 a.

Similar to the fourth embodiment depicted in FIGS. 12A through 12C,front groove 871 is connected in its proximal end to groove 872.

However, in contrast to the fourth embodiment, cleaning fluids aresupplied to grooves 871 and 872 via hole 874, connecting them toproximal opening 891.

Cover 196 f is designed to fit over inner part 890 f, and to provideprotection to the internal components of inner part 890 f. Additionally,cover 196 f is tightly fitted and preferably hermetically seals grooves871 and 872 to convert them to fluid tight conduits.

FIG. 14B schematically depicts an isometric view of a partiallydisassembled tip section 230 f of an endoscope having I/I channelsmanifold external to unitary fluid channeling component 894 f in innerpart 890 f according to a sixth exemplary embodiment of the currentspecification.

It should be noted that the location of grooves 871 and 872 on surfaceof unitary fluid channeling component 894 d, and their depth and shapemay be different.

According to the sixth embodiment of the current specification, proximalopening 891 (seen in FIG. 14A) for gas tube 892 and liquid tube 893 isconnected to hole 874 and through it to an I/I manifold which comprises:

a) groove 872 which receives cleaning fluids from proximal opening 891via hole 874 and is connected to right opening 166 b into which rightinjector 366 b is inserted;

b) same groove 872 connected to left opening, to which left injector 366a is inserted; and

c) front groove 871, receiving I/I fluids from groove 872, and connectedto front opening into which front injector 364 is inserted.

It should be noted that optionally I/I injectors 336 a and 336 b, andoptionally also 364 may be constructed as identical interchangeableinserts.

Reference is now made to FIG. 15A which schematically depicts anisometric proximal view of a main section of an inner part of anendoscope tip section, according to an exemplary embodiment of thecurrent specification and to FIG. 15B, which schematically depicts anisometric cross section of the main section of FIG. 15A, according to anexemplary embodiment of the current specification.

Unitary fluid channeling component 990 of an inner part of a tip sectionof an endoscope (such as a colonoscope) is configured to be locatedwithin the tip section and may be used for accommodating fluid channels,working channels and optionally cable channel/recess and for holding inplace the components, such as tubing/tubes and injectors. Unitary fluidchanneling component 990 may be a part of the inner part of the tipsection in a similar manner to that described, for example, in FIG. 8.

Unitary fluid channeling component 990, according to some embodiments,may generally include two parts: a proximal fluid channeling componentsection 990′ and a distal fluid channeling component section 990″.Proximal fluid channeling component section 990′ may have an essentiallycylindrical shape. Distal fluid channeling component section 990″ maypartially continue the cylindrical shape of proximal fluid channelingcomponent section 990′ and may have a shape of a partial cylinder(optionally elongated partial cylinder), having only a fraction of thecylinder (along the height axis of the cylinder), wherein anotherfraction of the cylinder (along the height axis of the cylinder) ismissing. Distal fluid channeling component section 990″ may beintegrally formed as a unitary block with proximal fluid channelingcomponent section 990′. The height of distal fluid channeling componentsection 990″ may be higher than that of proximal fluid channelingcomponent section 990′. In the embodiment comprising distal fluidchanneling component section 990″, the shape of the partial cylinder(for example, partial cylinder having only a fraction of a cylindershape along one side of the height axis) may provide a space toaccommodate a central section (not shown).

On proximal surface 991 of fluid channeling component 990 is proximalopening 944 of the jet fluid channel leading to distal opening of a jetchannel (not shown). A jet fluid tube may be inserted through a flexibleshaft and may be used for delivering fluid to, and optionally suction offluid from the body cavity, for cleaning purposes.

On proximal surface 991 of unitary fluid channeling component 990 isproximal opening 965 of the working channel leading to a distal openingof the working channel (not shown).

Unitary fluid channeling component 990 includes groove 950 extendingfrom proximal surface 991 along the length of proximal fluid channelingcomponent section 990′. Groove 950 is adapted to guide (and optionallyhold in place) an electric cable(s) which may be connected at its distalend to the electronic components such as viewing elements (for example,cameras) and/or light sources in the endoscope's tip section and deliverelectrical power and/or command signals to the tip section and/ortransmit video signal from the cameras to be displayed to the user.According to this embodiment, the electrical cable(s) do not have to bethreaded through proximal fluid channeling component section 990′ (whichmay be complicated) but can be simply placed in groove 950 and held byit.

On proximal surface 991 of unitary fluid channeling component 990 areI/I tubes proximal openings: front proximal opening 910; right sideproximal opening 911; and left side proximal opening 913. Front proximalopening 910, right side proximal opening 911 and left side proximalopening 913 lead to front channel 970 (seen in FIG. 15B), right sidechannel, and left side channel 973, respectively. Front channel 970extends from front proximal opening 910, through proximal fluidchanneling component section 990′ and distal fluid channeling componentsection 990″ to front opening 960. Left side channel 973 extends fromright proximal opening 913, through proximal fluid channeling componentsection 990′ to left opening 963. Right side channel extends from rightproximal opening 911, through proximal fluid channeling componentsection 990′ to right opening, similar to the left side arrangement.

Front channel 970 may include two parts: a proximal part 970′ (extendingthrough proximal fluid channeling component section 990′) and a distalpart 970″ extending through distal fluid channeling component section990″). Proximal part 970′ of front channel 970 is adapted to receive,through front proximal opening 910, tube 980 (shown in FIG. 15C) whichis adapted to transfer fluid (liquid and/or gas) to front channel 970.Tube 980 may be divided at any point along its length (for example atjunction 981) into two tubes, one adapted to transfer gas and the otheradapted to transfer liquid (such as water).

Left side channel 973 may be adapted to receive, at its proximal part,through left side proximal opening 913, tube 982 (shown in FIG. 15C)which is adapted to transfer fluid (liquid and/or gas) to left sidechannel 973. Tube 982 may be divided at any point along its length (forexample at junction 983) into two tubes, one adapted to transfer gas andthe other adapted to transfer liquid (such as water).

Right side channel may be adapted to receive, at its proximal part,through right side proximal opening 911, tube 984 (shown in FIG. 15C)which is adapted to transfer fluid (liquid and/or gas) to right sidechannel. Tube 984 may be divided at any point along its length (forexample at junction 985) into two tubes, one adapted to transfer gas andthe other adapted to transfer liquid (such as water).

The endoscopist can thus decide which fluid (gas, liquid or both) hewould like to pass through the I/I channel, which fluid, as mentionedherein, may be used for cleaning and/or insufflation purposes.

FIG. 15C schematically depicts an isometric proximal view of the mainsection of FIG. 15A, having liquid and gas tubes connected thereto,according to an exemplary embodiment of the current specification.

Referring back to FIG. 2A, electronic circuit board assembly 400 may beconfigured to carry a front looking viewing element 116, a first sidelooking viewing element and a second side viewing element 116 b whichmay be similar to front looking viewing element 116 and may include aCharge Coupled Device (CCD) or a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor(CMOS) image sensor.

Electronic circuit board assembly 400 may be configured to carry frontilluminators 240 a, 240 b, 240 c, which may be associated with frontlooking viewing element 116 and may be positioned to essentiallyilluminate the field of view of front looking viewing element 116.

In addition, electronic circuit board assembly 400 may be configured tocarry side illuminators 250 a and 250 b, which may be associated withside looking viewing element 116 b and may be positioned to essentiallyilluminate side looking viewing element's 116 b field of view.Electronic circuit board assembly 400 may also be configured to carryside illuminators, which may be associated with the opposite sidelooking viewing element, which may be similar to side illuminators 250 aand 250 b.

Front illuminators 240 a, 240 b, 240 c and side illuminators 250 a and250 b may optionally be discrete illuminators and may include alight-emitting diode (LED), which may be a white light LED, an infraredlight LED, a near infrared light LED, an ultraviolet light LED or anyother LED.

The term “discrete”, concerning discrete illuminator, may refer to anillumination source, which generates light internally, in contrast to anon-discrete illuminator, which may be, for example, a fiber opticmerely transmitting light generated remotely.

A significant problem exists in the art when attempts are made to packall necessary components into the small inner volume of the endoscope.This problem dramatically increases when three viewing elements andrespective illumination sources (such as LEDs) are packed in the tip ofthe endoscope. There is thus provided, according to some embodiments ofthe specification, a flexible electronic circuit for carrying andpacking within the limited inner volume of the endoscope's tip, at leasta front viewing element and one or more (for example two) side viewviewing elements and their respective illumination sources.

According to some embodiments, the flexible circuit board consumes lessspace and leaves more volume for additional necessary features. Theflexibility of the board adds another dimension in space that can beused for components positioning.

The use of the circuit board according to embodiments of thespecification can significantly increase reliability of the electricmodules connection thereto as no wires are for components connectivity.In addition, according to some embodiments, the components assembly canbe machined and automatic.

The use of the circuit board, according to embodiments of thespecification, may also allow components (parts) movement andmaneuverability during assembly of the viewing element head (tip of theendoscope) while maintaining a high level of reliability. The use of thecircuit board, according to embodiments of the specification, may alsosimplify the (tip) assembling process.

According to some embodiments, the flexible circuit board is connectedto the main control unit via multi-wire cable; this cable is welded onthe board in a designated location, freeing additional space within thetip assembly and adding flexibility to cable access. Assembling themulti-wire cable directly to the electrical components was a majorchallenge which is mitigated by the use of the flexible board accordingto embodiments of the specification.

FIG. 16 schematically depicts an isometric view of a folded flexibleelectronic circuit board carrying a front view camera, two side viewcameras, and illumination sources, according to embodiments of thespecification.

Flexible electronic circuit board 400, shown here in a foldedconfiguration, is configured to carry: forward looking viewing element116; LEDs 240 a, 240 b and 240 c positioned to essentially illuminatethe field of view (FOV) of forward looking viewing element 116; sidelooking viewing element 116 b; LEDs 250 a and 250 b positioned toessentially illuminate the FOV of side looking viewing element 116 b;side looking viewing element 116 c and LEDs 250 a′ and 250 b′ positionedto essentially illuminate the FOV of side looking viewing element 116 c.

As can also be seen in FIGS. 17 and 18, which schematically depictisometric views of a folded and flat flexible electronic circuit board,respectively, according to embodiments of the specification, flexibleelectronic circuit board 400 includes three sections: front section1702, main section 1704 and rear section 1706.

Front section 402 of flexible electronic circuit board 1700 includesfirst front LED surface 1708, second front LED surface 1710 and a bottomfront LED surface 1712. First front LED surface 1708, second front LEDsurface 1710 and a bottom front LED surface 1712 are flat surfacesformed from a unitary piece of a printed circuit board (PCB) layer.First front LED surface 1708 is adapted to carry front LED 240 b, secondfront LED surface 1710 is adapted to carry front LED 240 a and a bottomfront LED surface 1712 is adapted to carry front LED 240 c. First frontLED surface 1708, second front LED surface 1710 and a bottom front LEDsurface 1712 have an arcuate shape when viewed as a whole, which isconfigured to support forward looking viewing element 116.

Front section 1702 of flexible electronic circuit board 400 is connectedto main section 1704 through bottom section 1712. Main section 1704 offlexible electronic circuit board 1700 includes a center portion 1718, afirst foldable side panel 1714 and a second foldable side panel 1716.When flexible electronic circuit board 400 is in a folded configuration,first foldable side panel 1714 and second foldable side panel 1716 areconfigured to fold upwards (towards the length axis of the endoscopetip), for example, as shown herein, forming an angle of about 45 degreeswith center portion 1718 of main section 1704. First foldable side panel1714 also includes an arm section 1720, extending therefrom, having afront sensor surface 1722 (may also be referred to as a camera surface)adapted to carry forward looking viewing element 116. When flexibleelectronic circuit board 400 is in a folded position, arm section 1720is folded to be essentially perpendicular to center portion 1718 of mainsection 1704, and front sensor surface 1722 is folded to be essentiallyperpendicular to center portion 1718 and to arm section 1720, such thatit faces forwards, essentially at the same direction of first front LEDsurface 1708, second front LED surface 1710 and a bottom front LEDsurface 1712. This configuration enables forward looking viewing element116 and LEDs 240 a, 240 b, and 240 c to face the same direction.

As described hereinabove, main section 1704 is connected to bottomsection 1712 of front section 1702. On the opposing end of main section1704, it is connected to rear section 1706.

Rear section 1706 includes a rear central portion 1724. Rear centralportion 1724 is connected to a first rear arm section 1726, extendingfrom one side of rear central portion 1724 and to a second rear armsection 1728, extending from the opposing side of rear central portion1724.

First rear arm section 1726 includes a first side sensor surface 1730(adapted to carry side looking viewing element 116 b). Second rear armsection 1728 includes a second side sensor surface 1732 (adapted tocarry side looking viewing element 116 c).

First rear arm section 1726 further includes a first side LED surface1734 and a second side LED surface 1736, adapted to carry side LEDs 250a and 250 b, respectively. Second rear arm section 1728 further includesa third side LED surface 1738 and a fourth side LED surface 1740,adapted to carry side LEDs 250 a′ and 250 b′, respectively.

According to some embodiments, front sensor surface 1722 (which isadapted to carry forward looking viewing element 116), first side sensorsurface 1730 and second side sensor surface 1732 (which are adaptedcarry side looking viewing elements 116 b and 116 c respectively) arethicker than the front and side LED surfaces. For example, the sensorsurface thickness is configured for locating the sensor (of the viewingelement) such that the welding pins of the sensor wrap the surface andare welded on the opposite side of the sensor in specific welding pads.

The sensor surfaces may be rigid and used as a basis for the viewingelement assembly. The height of the sensor surface has significantimportance allowing the sensor conductors to bend in a way such thatthey will directly reach the welding pads on the opposite side of thesensor rigid surface. The rigid basis also serves as electrical groundfiltering electromagnetic noise to and from the sensor and thusincreasing signal integrity.

When flexible electronic circuit board 400 is in a folded configuration,rear central portion 1724 is folded upwards, perpendicularly to centerportion 1718 of main section 1704. First side sensor surface 1730 andsecond side sensor surface 1732 are positioned perpendicularly to centerportion 1718 and also perpendicularly to rear central portion 1724. Inaddition, first side sensor surface 1730 and second side sensor surface1732 are positioned essentially parallel and “back to back” to eachother such that when they carry side looking viewing element 116 b andside looking viewing element 116 c, these viewing elements view opposingsides. First side LED surface 1734 and a second side LED surface 1736are positioned perpendicularly to first side sensor surface 1730 andadapted to carry, on their inner sides, side LEDs 250 a and 250 b,respectively, such that LEDs 250 a and 250 b are positioned in proximityto side looking viewing element 116 b. Third side LED surface 1738 and afourth side LED surface 1740 are positioned perpendicularly to secondside sensor surface 1732 and adapted to carry, on their inner sides,side LEDs 250 a′ and 250 b′, respectively, such that LEDs 250 a′ and 250b′ are positioned in proximity to side looking viewing element 116 c.

According to some embodiments of the specification, front section 1702,main section 1704 and rear section 1706 of flexible electronic circuitboard 400 are all integrally formed from a unitary piece of circuitboard layer.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 19 and 20 which schematically depictisometric views (FIG. 19 shows an exploded view) of a folded flexibleelectronic circuit board carrying viewing elements and illuminationsources and a flexible electronic circuit board holder, according to anexemplary embodiment of the current specification.

Similar to FIG. 16, flexible electronic circuit board 400, shown in FIG.19 in its folded configuration, is configured to carry: forward lookingviewing element 116; LEDs 240 a, 240 b and 240 c positioned toilluminate essentially the FOV of forward looking viewing element 116;side looking viewing element 116 b; LEDs 250 a and 250 b positioned toilluminate essentially the FOV of side looking viewing element 116 b;side looking viewing element 116 c and LEDs 250 a′ and 250 b′ positionedto illuminate essentially the FOV of side looking viewing element 116 c.

Flexible electronic circuit board holder 500 is adapted to hold flexibleelectronic circuit board 400 in its desired folded position, and securethe front and side looking viewing elements and their correspondingilluminators in place. As shown in FIG. 19, flexible electronic circuitboard holder 500 is a unitary piece of rigid material, such as brass,stainless steel, aluminum or any other material.

According to some embodiments, the use of metal for the construction ofthe flexible electronic circuit board holder is important for electricconductivity and heat transfer purposes. The flexible electronic circuitboard holder, according to embodiments of the specification, (such asflexible electronic circuit board holder 500) can be used as a heat sinkfor some or all of the electronic components located at the tip section,particularly illuminators (such as side or front LEDs) and reduceoverall temperature of the endoscope tip. This may solve or at leastmitigate a major problem of raised temperatures of the endoscope tipand/or any of its components, particularly when using LED illuminators.

Flexible electronic circuit board holder 500 includes a back portion 502adapted to support second side LED surface 1736 and fourth side LEDsurface 1740.

Flexible electronic circuit board holder 500 further includes frontportions 504 a and 504 b, supporting the back sides (opposing to thesides where the LEDs are attached) of first front LED surface 1708 andsecond front LED surface 1710, respectively.

Flexible electronic circuit board holder 500 further includes two sideportions 506 a and 506 b on the two opposing sides of flexibleelectronic circuit board holder 500. Each of side portions 506 a and 506b include two small openings for the side LEDs (250 a, 250 b, 250 a′,250 b′) and one opening for side looking viewing element 116 b and 116a. Side portions 506 a and 506 b of flexible electronic circuit boardholder 500 abut first and second side foldable panels 1716 and 1714,respectively, of flexible electronic circuit board 400.

Flexible electronic circuit board holder 500 further includes a top partincluding top portions 508 a and 508 b (the top part of the flexibleelectronic circuit board holder may also include one top portion)covering the top part of flexible electronic circuit board 400 andconfigured to support fluid channeling component 600 (shown in FIG. 21).

Reference is now made to FIG. 21, which schematically depicts anisometric view of a folded flexible electronic circuit board carryingcameras and illumination sources, a flexible electronic circuit boardholder, and a fluid channeling component, according to an exemplaryembodiment of the current specification. FIG. 20 schematically depictsan isometric view of a folded flexible electronic circuit board carryingcameras and illumination sources and a flexible electronic circuit boardholder. FIG. 21 adds to the configuration of FIG. 20, a fluid channelingcomponent 600, which includes irrigation and insufflation (I/I)channels, jet channel and a working channel. Fluid channeling component600 is a separate component from flexible electronic circuit board 400.This configuration is adapted to separate the fluid channels and workingchannel, which are located in fluid channeling component 600, from thesensitive electronic and optical parts which are located in the area offlexible electronic circuit board 400.

Fluid channeling component 600 (or according to some embodiments, aunitary fluid channeling component), according to some embodiments, maygenerally include two parts: a proximal fluid channeling componentsection 690′ and a distal fluid channeling component section 690″.Proximal fluid channeling component section 690′ may have an essentiallycylindrical shape. Distal unitary channeling component section 690″ maypartially continue the cylindrical shape of proximal fluid channelingcomponent section 690′ and may have a shape of a partial cylinder(optionally elongated partial cylinder), having only a fraction of thecylinder (along the height axis of the cylinder), wherein anotherfraction of the cylinder (along the height axis of the cylinder) ismissing. Distal fluid channeling component section 690″ may beintegrally formed as a unitary block with proximal fluid channelingcomponent section 690′. The height of distal fluid channeling componentsection 690″ may be higher than that of proximal fluid channelingcomponent section 690′. In the embodiment comprising distal fluidchanneling component section 690″, the shape of the partial cylinder(for example, partial cylinder having only a fraction of a cylindershape along one side of the height axis) may provide a space toaccommodate flexible electronic circuit board 400 and flexibleelectronic circuit board holder 500.

Front face 620 of distal fluid channeling component section 690″includes a distal opening 640 of a working channel (located inside fluidchanneling component 690). Front face 620 of distal fluid channelingcomponent section 690″ further includes distal opening 691 of a jetfluid channel which may be used for providing a high pressure jet offluid, such as water or saline, for cleaning the walls of the bodycavity (such as the colon) and optionally for suction. Front face 620 ofdistal fluid channeling component section 690″ further includesirrigation and insufflation (I/I) opening 664 which may be used forinjecting fluid (liquid and/or gas) to wash contaminants such as blood,feces and other debris from a surface of front optical lens assembly 256of forward looking viewing element 116.

Proximal fluid channeling component section 690′ of fluid channelingcomponent 600 includes I/I openings aimed at a first side optical lensassembly 256 b and at a second, opposite side optical lens assembly, andused for injecting fluid (the term “fluid” may include gas and/orliquid) to wash contaminants such as blood, feces and other debris fromthe first side optical lens assemblies 256 b and second, opposite sideoptical lens assembly of a first side looking viewing element 116 b anda second, opposite side looking viewing element. According to someembodiments, the injectors may supply liquid for cleaning any of the tipelements (such as any optical lens assembly, optical assemblies,windows, LEDs, and other elements).

Reference is now made to FIG. 22, which schematically depicts anisometric view of a folded flexible electronic circuit board carryingcameras and illumination sources, a flexible electronic circuit boardholder, a fluid channeling component, and a tip cover (in an explodedview), which together form a tip section of an endoscope, according toan exemplary embodiment of the current specification.

Fluid channeling component 600, flexible electronic circuit board 400and flexible electronic circuit board holder 500 are described in FIGS.20 and 21. Tip cover 2200 is designed to fit over the inner parts of thetip section 2230, and to provide protection to the internal componentsin the inner part.

Tip cover 2200 includes hole, transparent surface, window or opening2236 configured to align with front optical lens assembly 256 of forwardlooking viewing element 116; optical windows 242 a, 242 b and 242 c ofLEDs 240 a, 240 b and 240 c (seen for example in FIGS. 16 and 19-22);distal opening 340 of a working channel; distal opening 344 of a jetfluid channel; I/I injector 346 having a nozzle 348 (aligning with I/Iopening 664 of fluid channeling component 600); a first hole,transparent surface, window or opening 2256 b and a second hole,transparent surface, window or opening on the opposite side configuredto align with a first side optical lens assembly 256 b and a second,opposite side optical lens assembly of side looking viewing elements;optical windows 252 a and 252 b for LEDs 250 a and 250 b for a firstside viewing element; and optical windows on the opposite side for LEDsfor an opposite side viewing element; a first side hole 2266 b and asecond side hole adapted to align with a first I/I opening 2267 b and asecond, opposite side I/I opening.

In another embodiment, the electronic circuit board is configured to befoldable. Advantageously, the configuration of a foldable electroniccircuit board enables having a slim and compact design and improves theperformance of the endoscope (particularly, the colonoscope) by allowingthe incorporation of additional elements into the endoscope tip section,for example, having an endoscope tip section with an additional workingchannel (as that in FIG. 2A), which may be used for threading a secondmedical tool.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 23A, 23B, 23C and 23D, which showexploded views of a foldable electronic circuit board 400 of anendoscope assembly 100 of FIG. 2A according to an embodiment.

According to some embodiments, foldable electronic circuit board 400 hasseveral internal parts including a flexible optical carrier substrate orcamera circuit board 440, a flexible LED carrier substrate orillumination circuit board 420, a partially enclosed housing or bottomcircuit board holder 460 and a front circuit board holder 462.

The internal parts of foldable electronic circuit board 400 isconfigured to be assembled, connected or attached together into acondensed structure having a slim and compact design.

Additionally, it should be noted that the internal parts of foldableelectronic circuit board 400 is electrically connected and configured toshare resources as electrical power and electrical signals.

The flexible optical carrier substrate or camera circuit board 440 isconfigured to carry, support or position a front-pointing viewingelement 116 a and two side-pointing viewing elements 116 b, 116 c whichmay be similar to front-pointing viewing element 116 a and include aCharge Coupled Device (CCD) or a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor(CMOS) image sensor.

According to some embodiments, side-pointing viewing elements 116 b and116 c are installed such that their field of views are substantiallyopposing. However, different configurations and number of side-pointingviewing elements are possible within the general scope of the currentspecification.

Flexible LED carrier substrate or illumination circuit board 420, whichis formed as a flexible unitary piece of a PCB layer, includes two mainsections 424 a and 424 b, a front foldable panel 422 a and four sidefoldable panels 422 b, 422 c, 422 d, 422 e.

When flexible LED carrier substrate 420 is in a folded configuration,front foldable panel 422 a and four side foldable panels 422 b, 422 c,422 d, 422 e are configured to fold downwards forming a right angle withtwo main sections 424 a and 424 b.

Front foldable panel 422 a is configured to carry front illuminators 240a, 240 b, which are associated with front-pointing viewing element 116 aand positioned to essentially illuminate front-pointing viewingelement's 116 a field of view.

When front foldable panel 422 a is in a folded configuration, it forms aright angle with main sections 424 a and 424 b such that it facesforward, essentially at the same direction of front-pointing viewingelement 116 a and therefore enables front illuminators 240 a, 240 b toface the same direction as front-pointing camera 116 a and essentiallyilluminate front-pointing viewing element's 116 a field of view.

Side foldable panels 422 b, 422 c are configured to carry sideilluminators 250 a, 250 b respectively, which are associated withside-pointing viewing element 116 b and positioned to essentiallyilluminate side-pointing viewing element's 116 b field of view.

When side foldable panels 422 b, 422 c are in a folded configuration,side foldable panels 422 b, 422 c are configured to form a right anglewith main section 424 a such that it faces sideways, essentially at thesame direction of side-pointing viewing element 116 b and thereforeenables side illuminators 250 a, 250 b to face the same direction asside-pointing viewing element 116 b and essentially illuminateside-pointing viewing element's 116 b field of view.

Side foldable panels 422 d, 422 e are configured to carry sideilluminators 260 a, 260 b respectively, which are associated withside-pointing viewing element 116 c and positioned to essentiallyilluminate side-pointing viewing element's 116 c field of view.

When side foldable panels 422 d, 422 e are in a folded configuration,side foldable panels 422 d, 422 e are configured to form a right anglewith main section 424 b such that it faces sideways, essentially at thesame direction of side-pointing viewing element 116 c and thereforeenables side illuminators 260 a, 260 b to face the same direction asside-pointing viewing element 116 c and essentially illuminateside-pointing viewing element's 116 c field of view.

Front illuminators 240 a, 240 b and side illuminators 250 a, 250 b, 260a and 260 b are optionally be discrete illuminators and may include alight-emitting diode (LED), which may be a white light LED, an infraredlight LED, a near infrared light LED, an ultraviolet light LED or anyother LED.

The term “discrete”, concerning discrete illuminator, refers to anillumination source, which generates light internally, in contrast to anon-discrete illuminator, which may be, for example, a fiber opticmerely transmitting light generated remotely.

Partially enclosed housing or bottom circuit board holder 460 isconfigured to hold and support flexible LED carrier substrate 420 in itsdesired folded configuration and secure flexible optical carriersubstrate 440, including side pointing viewing elements 116 b and 116 cand their corresponding illuminators, in place.

Partially enclosed housing 460 includes a bottom portion 462 and twoside portions 464 a and 464 b formed as a unitary piece of rigidmaterial, such as brass, stainless steel, aluminum or any othermaterial.

Each of side portions 464 a and 464 b are perpendicularly connected tobottom portion 462 at each opposite side and have an aperture configuredto fit side pointing viewing elements 116 b and 116 c.

Front circuit board holder 462 is configured to work in conjunction withpartially enclosed housing 460 and hold and support flexible LED carriersubstrate 420 in its desired folded configuration and secure flexibleoptical carrier substrate 440 including front pointing camera 116 a andits corresponding illuminator in place.

Partially enclosed housing 460 is formed as a unitary piece of rigidmaterial, such as brass, stainless steel, aluminum or any othermaterial.

The use of metal for the construction of partially enclosed housing 460and front circuit board holder 462 improves electric conductivity andallows efficient heat dissipation. According to some embodiments,partially enclosed housing 460 and front circuit board holder 462function as a heat sink for some or all of the electronic componentslocated within foldable electronic circuit board 400, particularlyilluminators (such as front illuminators 240 a, 240 b and sideilluminators 250 a, 250 b, 260 a and 260 b) and reduce overalltemperature of the endoscope tip section. This will solve or at leastmitigate a major problem of raised temperatures of endoscope tip and/orany of its components, particularly when using LED illuminators.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 24A, 24B and 24C, which show aperspective view of a flexible optical carrier substrate or cameracircuit board 770 of an endoscope assembly according to an embodiment.As an example, the flexible optical carrier substrate 770 is configuredfor the endoscope assembly 100 of FIG. 2A that comprises a single frontworking channel.

Flexible optical carrier substrate 770 may be similar to flexibleoptical carrier substrate 440 (FIGS. 23A through 23D) and is configuredto carry, support or position a front-pointing camera 716 a and twoside-pointing cameras 716 b, 716 c which may be similar tofront-pointing camera 116 (FIG. 2A) and may include a Charge CoupledDevice (CCD) or a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) imagesensor.

According to some embodiments, side-pointing cameras 716 b and 716 c areinstalled such that their field of views are substantially opposing.However, different configurations and number of side-pointing camerasare possible within the general scope of the current specification.

A partially enclosed housing or circuit board holder 780, which isfurther discussed below, holds and supports flexible optical carriersubstrate 770, as shown in FIG. 24C.

Reference is now made to FIG. 25, which shows a perspective view of aflexible LED carrier substrate or illumination circuit board 720 of anendoscope assembly according to an embodiment. As discussed earlier, anendoscopic tip, such as tip section 200 of FIGS. 2A and 2B, has a distalface 320 and side edges 362 a, 362 b extending proximally from thedistal face 320. The distal face 320 and side edges 362 a, 362 btogether define an internal volume of the tip 200.

Referring back to FIG. 25, flexible LED carrier substrate 720, which isformed as a folded unitary piece of a PCB layer, comprises front/centralcarrier portion or panel 722 a, connector 726 which is attached to afirst end of central carrier portion or panel 722 a, two main sectionsor parallel strips 724 a and 724 b, which are connected to a second endof central carrier portion or panel 722 a, and four side foldableprotrusions or panels 722 b, 722 c, 722 d, 722 e that protrude fromrespective portions of parallel strips 724 a and 724 b.

When flexible LED carrier substrate 720 is in a folded configuration,foldable central carrier portion or panel 722 a and four side foldableprotrusions or panels 722 b, 722 c, 722 d, 722 e are configured to folddownwards, forming right angles with the two parallel strips or mainsections 724 a and 724 b.

Foldable central carrier portion or panel 722 a is configured to carryfront illuminators 740 a, 740 b and 740 c, which are associated withfront-pointing camera 716 a (FIGS. 24A through 24C) and positioned toessentially illuminate front-pointing camera's 716 a (FIGS. 24A through24C) field of view. In the pictured embodiment, the central carrierportion 722 a approximates a U-shape, having a first arm 722 a′ and asecond arm 722 a″. In accordance with an embodiment, the first arm 722a′ extends from the central carrier portion 722 a to connect the centralcarrier portion 722 a at its second end with the first strip 724 a whilethe second arm 722 a″ extends from the central carrier portion 722 a toconnect the central carrier portion 722 a at its second end with thesecond strip 724 b. The first and second arms 722 a′, 722 a″ areconfigured to carry first and second illuminators 740 a and 740 b. Thethird illuminator 740 c is mounted centrally on a base segment of theU-shape of the central carrier portion 722 a.

Referring to FIGS. 25 through 26D simultaneously, when front foldablecentral carrier portion or panel 722 a, along with first and second arms722 a′, 722 a″, is in a folded configuration, it forms a right anglewith the two parallel strips 724 a and 724 b such that it faces forward,essentially at the same direction of front-pointing camera 716 a (FIG.24A through 24C) and therefore enables front illuminators 740 a, 740 band 740 c, to face the same direction as front-pointing camera 716 a(FIGS. 24A through 24C) and essentially illuminate front-pointingcamera's 716 a (FIGS. 24A through 24C) field of view. In one embodiment,the front-pointing camera 716 a (FIGS. 24A through 24C) is positionedbetween the first and second illuminators 740 a and 740 b when thecentral carrier portion 722 a, along with first and second arms 722 a′,722 a″, is in a folded configuration. In another embodiment, thefront-pointing camera 716 a (FIGS. 24A through 24C) is surrounded by thefirst, second and third illuminators 740 a, 740 b, 740 c when thecentral carrier portion 722 a, along with first and second protrusions722 a′, 722 a″, is in a folded configuration. In the foldedconfiguration, the front-pointing camera and the three illuminators 740a, 740, 740 c lie within a plane defined by the distal face 320 (of theendoscopic tip 200 of FIGS. 2A, 2B).

Side foldable protrusions or panels 722 b, 722 c are configured to carryside illuminators 750 a, 750 b respectively, which are associated withside-pointing camera 716 b (FIGS. 24A through 24C) and positioned toessentially illuminate side-pointing camera's 716 b (FIGS. 24A through24C) field of view.

When side foldable protrusions or panels 722 b, 722 c are in a foldedconfiguration, side foldable protrusions or panels 722 b, 722 c areconfigured to form a right angle with first strip 724 a such that theyface sideways, essentially at the same direction of side-pointing camera716 b (FIGS. 24A through 24C) and therefore enable side illuminators 750a, 750 b, to face the same direction as side-pointing camera 716 b(FIGS. 24A through 24C) and essentially illuminate the field of view ofside-pointing camera 716 b (FIGS. 24A through 24C). In one embodiment,the side-pointing camera 716 b (FIGS. 24A through 24C) is positionedbetween the side illuminators 750 a, 750 b when the side foldableprotrusions 722 b, 722 c are in a folded configuration. In the foldedconfiguration, the side-pointing camera 716 b and the side illuminators750 a, 750 b lie within a plane defined by a first side edge, such asside edge 362 a of the endoscopic tip 200 of FIG. 2B.

Side foldable protrusions or panels 722 d, 722 e are configured to carryside illuminators 760 a, 760 b respectively, which are associated withside-pointing camera 716 c (FIGS. 24A through 24C) and positioned toessentially illuminate side-pointing camera's 716 c field of view.

When side foldable protrusions or panels 722 d, 722 e are in a foldedconfiguration, side foldable protrusions or panels 722 d, 722 e form aright angle with second strip 724 b such that they face sideways,essentially at the same direction of side-pointing camera 716 c (FIGS.24A through 24C) and therefore enable side illuminators 760 a, 760 b, toface the same direction as side-pointing camera 716 c (FIGS. 24A through24C) and essentially illuminate side-pointing camera's 716 c (FIGS. 24Athrough 24C) field of view. In one embodiment, the side-pointing camera716 c (FIGS. 24A through 24C) is positioned between the sideilluminators 760 a, 760 b when the side foldable protrusions 722 d, 722e are in a folded configuration. In the folded configuration, theside-pointing camera 716 c and the side illuminators 760 a, 760 b liewithin a plane defined by a second side edge, such as side edge 362 b ofthe endoscopic tip 200 of FIG. 2B.

It is noted that the number of front/central carrier portion and sidefoldable protrusions or panels and associated number of front and sideilluminators may vary in various embodiments. For example, while in oneembodiment, the base of the central carrier portion 722 a along with thefirst and second arms 722 a′, 722 a″ together carry three frontilluminators, in alternate embodiments first and second arms carryilluminators 740 a, 740 b while the base of the central carrier portion722 a may not carry any illuminator. Thus, in one embodiment, thecentral carrier portion 722 a along with the first and second arms 722a′, 722 a″ together support at least two illuminators. In yet anotherembodiment, the central carrier portion 722 a along with the first andsecond arms 722 a′, 722 a″ together support at least one illuminator.

Front illuminators 740 a, 740 b, 740 c and side illuminators 750 a, 750b, 760 a and 760 b may optionally be discrete illuminators and mayinclude a light-emitting diode (LED), which may be a white light LED, aninfrared light LED, a near infrared light LED, an ultraviolet light LEDor any other LED.

Connector 726 is configured to connect flexible LED carrier substrate720 to a partially enclosed housing 780 (FIGS. 26A through 26D). Oncefolded, the two parallel strips 724 a, 724 b extend in a proximaldirection from the central carrier portion 722 a, as shown in FIGS. 26Athrough 26D.

Reference is now made to FIG. 25 along with FIGS. 26A, 26B, 26C and 26D,which show a perspective view of a foldable electronic circuit board2600 of an endoscope assembly 800 according to an embodiment.

Partially enclosed housing or circuit board holder 780 is configured tohold and support flexible LED carrier substrate 720 in its desiredfolded configuration and secure flexible optical carrier substrate 770including front pointing camera 716 a, side pointing cameras 716 b and716 c and their corresponding illuminators in place.

Partially enclosed housing 780 is formed as a unitary piece of rigidmaterial, such as brass, stainless steel, aluminum or any othermaterial.

The use of metal for the construction of partially enclosed housing 780improves electric conductivity and allows efficient heat dissipation.According to some embodiments, partially enclosed housing 780 is used asa heat sink for some or all of the electronic components located withinfoldable electronic circuit board 2600, particularly illuminators (suchas front illuminators 740 a, 740 b, 740 c and side illuminators 750 a,750 b, 760 a and 760 b) and reduce the overall temperature of theendoscope tip section. This will solve or at least mitigate a majorproblem of raised temperatures of endoscope tip and/or any of itscomponents, particularly when using LED illuminators.

Reference is now made to FIG. 27A, which shows a perspective view of atip section 801 of an endoscope assembly 800 (which, in one example, issimilar to endoscope assembly 100 of FIG. 2A), according to anembodiment.

According to some embodiments, fluid channeling component or manifold2700 is configured as a separate component from foldable electroniccircuit board 2600 (FIGS. 26A through 26D). This configuration isadapted to separate the fluid channels 2744 (jet channel), 2764(injector channel) and working channel 2740 a which are located in fluidchanneling component or manifold 2700, from the sensitive electronic andoptical parts which are located in the area of the foldable electroniccircuit board. FIGS. 38J and 38K, described later in this specification,also show another perspective view of a tip 3801 and manifold 600.

According to some embodiments, fluid channeling component or manifold2700 includes a proximal fluid channeling section or base 2702, whichhas a substantially cylindrical shape, and a primary distal channelingsection or casing 2704. Primary distal fluid channeling section orcasing 2704 partially continues the cylindrical shape of proximal fluidchanneling section or base 2702 and has a shape of a partial cylinder(optionally elongated partial cylinder). Primary distal fluid channelingsection or casing 2704 forms a fraction of the cylinder (along theheight axis of the cylinder), wherein the other fraction of the cylinder(along the height axis of the cylinder) is missing. Primary distal fluidchanneling section or casing 2704 is integrally formed as a unitaryblock with proximal fluid channeling section or base 2702 and extendsoutward from the base 2702. The height or width, along axis ‘y’, ofprimary distal fluid channeling section or casing 2704 is less than thatof proximal fluid channeling section or base 2702. The length, alongaxis ‘x’, of casing 2704 is greater than the length of base 2702. In theembodiment comprising primary distal fluid channeling section or casing2704, the casing 2704 has the shape of a partial cylinder (for example,partial cylinder having only a fraction of a cylinder shape along oneside of the height axis ‘y’) and provide a space to accommodate foldableelectronic circuit board 2600 (FIGS. 26A through 26D).

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 27A, the manifold 2700 combined with thepartially enclosed housing 780 of FIGS. 26A through 26D create asubstantially cylindrical housing.

Proximal fluid channeling section or base 2702 includes integrated screwnuts 2706 b, which are configured for securing tip section 801 to anendoscope shaft. In accordance with an embodiment, the fluid channels2744, 2764 and working channel 2740 a extend through the base and thecasing.

Primary distal fluid channeling section or casing 2704 includes workingchannel 2740 a which is configured for insertion of a medical (such as asurgical) tool, for example, to remove, treat and/or extract a sample ofthe object of interest found in the colon or its entirety for biopsy.

According to various embodiments, a fluid channeling component ormanifold, such as manifold 2700, is used for heat transfer purposes. Themanifold, according to embodiments of the specification (such asmanifold 2700), can be used as a heat sink for some or all of theilluminators (such as side or front LEDs) and/or other electroniccomponents, and reduce overall temperature of the endoscope tip. Thiswill solve or at least mitigate a major problem of raised temperaturesof the endoscope tip and/or any of its components, particularly whenusing LED illuminators.

FIG. 27B shows an embodiment of the fluid channeling component ormanifold 2700 which also includes parts enabling this component tofunction as a flexible electronic circuit board holder. Manifold 2700includes a front portion 2750 (shown here as formed of two frontportions 2750 a and 2750 b), supporting the back sides (opposing to thesides where the LEDs are attached) of the first front LED surface (740 aof FIG. 27A) and second front LED surface (740 b of FIG. 27B),respectively. Front portions 2750 a and 2750 b form an arc shape betweenthem which is configured to accommodate and support forward lookingviewing element 716 a of FIG. 27A. According to some embodiments, frontportion 2750 distally protrudes from front face 2720. A jet channelopening 2744 and an injector channel opening 2764 are also seen on thefront face 2720.

Fluid channeling component or manifold 2700 further includes a firstside portion 2760 and a second, opposite side portion on the twoopposing sides thereof. Each of side portions include two small openingsfor the side LEDs (760 a, 760 b of one side in FIG. 27A, the LEDs on theother side are not visible) and one opening for side looking viewingelements.

Each of the side portions further includes an I/I injector opening 2766b aimed at side optical lens assembly 716 b of FIG. 27A on the firstside portion 2760, and a similar I/I injector opening on the second,opposite side portion, used for injecting fluid (the term “fluid” mayalso include gas and/or liquid) to wash contaminants such as blood,feces and other debris from at least a surface of side optical lensassemblies of side looking viewing elements. According to someembodiments, the openings may supply liquid for cleaning any of the tipelements (such as any optical assembly, optical lens assembly, windows,LEDs, and other elements).

Each of the side portions further includes two viewing element holders,for example viewing element holders 2730 a and 2730 b of first sideportion 2760, adapted to receive a viewing element bridge which isadapted to support optical lens assemblies (716 b of FIG. 27A) of sidelooking viewing elements.

FIG. 28A illustrates an upper base board and a lower base board (which,in combination, form an electronic circuit board/printed circuit board)associated with a fluid channeling component wherein jet and nozzleopenings may be placed adjacent to each other or on either side of aworking/service channel and adapted to support the optical assembly andilluminators of an endoscope, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification. FIG. 28A illustrates upper base board 2802 andlower base board 2804 supporting the optical assembly and illuminatorsshown in the endoscope assembly 6400 of FIG. 64. The front opticalassembly comprises a front lens assembly 2806 and a front image sensor.The side optical assembly comprises a side lens assembly 2814 and a sideimage sensor. The front image sensor's connector pins and contact area2820 are manipulated, including being cut, bent or folded, to besoldered to the upper base board 2802 and lower base board 2804. Theside image sensors' connector pins and contact areas 2822 and 2824 (forthe right and left side image sensors respectively) are bent to besoldered to the upper base board 2802 and lower base board 2804. Theupper base board 2802 and the lower base board 2804 have grooves/holesenabling the front and side illuminators to be placed within thegrooves/holes. The upper and lower base boards 2802, 2804 hold threesets of front illuminators 2808, 2810, 2812 and on each side panel twosets of illuminators 2816, 2818 (the figure illustrates only one sidepanel of the endoscope, however it should be understood by those ofordinary skill in the art that the other side panel is equivalent tothis side panel). Front illuminators 2808, 2812 are placed between theupper and lower base boards 2802, 2804, while front illuminator 2810 isplaced above front lens assembly 2806. The two sets of illuminators2816, 2818 are placed between the upper and lower base boards 2802,2804.

As shown in FIG. 28A, jet opening 2826 and nozzle opening 2824′ may bepositioned adjacent to each other on front panel of the tip inaccordance with an embodiment. In another embodiment, the jet opening2826 and nozzle opening 2824′ may be positioned on either side of theworking/service channel opening 2822′ on the front panel of the tip. Atip cover sheaths the endoscope tip and the components therein.

FIG. 28B illustrates a top view of the upper base board 2802 of theelectronic circuit board (also referred to as ‘printed circuit board’(PCB)) adapted to support the optical assembly and illuminators of theendoscope 6400 of FIG. 64, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification. In various embodiments, the upper base board 2802is provided with grooves/holes 2832 for the front illuminators 2808,2810, 2812 and for the first set of side illuminators 2816, 2818 and thesecond set of side illuminators to be placed within. In the illustratedembodiment, one groove is provided on the upper base board 2802 for eachilluminator supported by the upper base board 2802. In one embodiment,grooves 2832 are identical for all illuminators, while in anotherembodiment each groove may be adapted to different sizes ofilluminators. For example, different sizes of illuminators may compriseLEDs (Light Emitting Diode) adapted to emit white light, infrared light,ultraviolet light, near-infrared light and other wavelengths of light.

An electrical cable 2850 threaded through the upper base board 2802, inone embodiment, transfers the information from the optical assemblies tothe illuminators and to a main control unit.

FIG. 28C illustrates a bottom side view of the lower base board 2804 ofthe electronic circuit board (also referred to as ‘printed circuitboard’ (PCB)) adapted to support the optical assembly and illuminatorsof the endoscope 6400 of FIG. 64, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present specification. In various embodiments, the lower base board2804 is provided with grooves/holes 2834 for front illuminators 2808,2810, 2812 and for the first set of side illuminators 2816, 2818 and thesecond set of side illuminators to be placed within. In the illustratedembodiment, one groove is provided on the lower base board 2804 for eachilluminator supported by the base board 2804. In various embodiments,the connector pins and the contact area(s) of the endoscope's imagesensors are manipulated, including being cut, bent or folded to besoldered to the upper and lower base boards 2802, 2804. In oneembodiment, grooves 2834 are identical for all illuminators, while inanother embodiment each groove may be adapted to different sizes ofilluminators. For example, different sizes of illuminators may compriseLEDs (Light Emitting Diode) adapted to emit white light, infrared light,ultraviolet light, near-infrared light and other wavelengths of light.

FIG. 29A illustrates the optical assembly and illuminators supported bya lower base board 2904 with the upper base board of FIG. 28A removed.In an embodiment, metal frames are provided to hold the front and sidelens assemblies and also to support the associated image sensors. Asillustrated, a metal frame 2905 is provided to support front lensassembly 2906 and support the image sensor 2908 associated with thefront lens assembly 2906. Metal frames 2910 and 2912 are provided tosupport side lens assemblies 2914, 2916 and support the associated imagesensors 2918 and 2920, respectively. In an embodiment, the metal frames2905, 2910, and 2912 also serve as a heat sink to the light emittingdiodes (LEDs) and image sensors incorporated in the endoscope. Invarious embodiments, the metal frames 2905, 2910 and 2912 are made ofbrass, stainless steel, aluminum or any other material that providesthermal conductivity to act as an effective heat sink, as well asrigidity to adequately position and support the lens assemblies andassociated image sensors. Illuminators 2922 are attached to the lowerbase board 2904 by means of grooves/holes (shown in FIG. 29B) made inthe lower base board 2904.

FIG. 29B illustrates another view of the optical assembly supported bythe lower base board 2904 as shown in FIG. 29A with the illuminators2922 (shown in FIG. 29A) removed. The lower base board 2904 comprisesgrooves 2924 for enabling the illuminators 2922 (shown in FIG. 29A) tobe coupled with the based board 2904.

FIG. 29C illustrates a bottom view of the optical assembly supported bythe lower base board 2904 as shown in FIG. 29B with the illuminators2922 removed. As shown, the lower base board 2904 supports and positionsthe image sensors 2908, 2918 and 2920 exposing the respective imagecontact areas and supports the lens assemblies 2906, 2914 and 2916. Thegrooves 2924 allow the illuminators 2922 (shown in FIG. 29A) to besecured to the base board 2904.

FIG. 30A illustrates an image sensor 3002 (shown as 2908, 2918 and 2920in FIGS. 29A, 29B, 29C and as 3802 in FIGS. 38Fa, 38Fb) in a foldedposition as when placed between upper and lower base boards, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification. As shown,image sensor 3002 comprises a first plurality of connector pins 3012 aon a first end of the sensor 3002 and a second plurality of connectorpins 3022 a on the opposite end of the sensor, in accordance with oneembodiment of the present specification. The image sensor 3002 includesan inner surface comprising a piece of glass 3010 and an outer surfacecomprising a printed circuit board or computer chip 3030. As shown, theimage sensor 3002 comprises two horizontal folded/bent image sensorcontact areas 3002 a and 3002 b, positioned parallel to a plane of theupper and lower base boards (not shown in figure). Once the image sensor3002 is positioned within the endoscope, the first and second pluralityof connector pins 3012 a, 3022 a and image sensor contact areas 3002 a,3002 b extend away from a center of the endoscope tip.

When placed onto the supporting circuit board, first horizontal imagesensor contact area 3002 a is aligned parallel to a plane of the upperand lower base boards, and comprises first top surface and an opposingfirst bottom surface forming at least first and second parallel edges3012 a and 3012 b. Second horizontal image sensor contact area 3002 b isaligned parallel to said first horizontal image sensor contact area 3002a, where the second contact area 3002 b comprises a second top surfaceand an opposing second bottom surface forming at least third and fourthparallel edges 3022 a and 3022 b. The first edge 3012 a of the firstcontact area is aligned in a vertical axis with the third edge 3022 a ofthe second contact area and the second edge 3012 b of the first contactarea is aligned in a vertical axis with the fourth edge 3022 b of thesecond contact area.

The image sensor 3002 further comprises first and second verticalportions positioned between the image sensor contact areas 3002 a and3002 b. The first vertical portion comprises a first inner surface 3010which, in an embodiment, is made of glass and the second verticalportion comprises an opposing second outer surface 3030 which, in anembodiment, comprises a printed circuit board or a computer chip.

The image sensor 3002 captures still images and/or video feeds and invarious embodiments comprises a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) or aComplementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (not shownin figure). The image sensor 3002 is incorporated in the endoscope andis associated with a lens assembly as illustrated in FIGS. 28A through28C and 29A through 29C. In an embodiment, three sets of opticalassemblies, each comprising a lens assembly associated with an imagesensor in a folded position as shown in FIG. 30A, are assembled in a tipportion of the endoscope. The three sets of optical assemblies comprisea front lens assembly associated with a front image sensor, a first sidelens assembly associated with a first side image sensor and a secondside assembly associated with a second side image sensor. The two sideimage sensors are assembled back to back as shown in FIGS. 29A through29C such that the two glass surfaces 3010 are facing in oppositedirections.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 30A, the folded position of theimage sensor 3002 causes the first vertical portion of the image sensor3002, comprising the first inner glass surface 3010 and associated witha front lens assembly, to face in a direction away from a center of thetip of the endoscope when the image sensor 3002 is positioned betweenupper and lower base boards (not shown in FIG. 30A) and assembled in thetip portion of the endoscope. The second vertical portion, comprisingthe second opposing printed circuit board or computer chip surface 3030,faces in an opposite direction towards an electrical connector end and acenter of the tip of the endoscope when the image sensor 3002 is in theillustrated folded position. The glass surface 3010 faces in an outwarddirection when viewed with respect to the center of the endoscope tiponce the image sensor 3002 is assembled within an endoscope.

FIG. 30B illustrates a lens assembly 3004 being coupled with the imagesensor 3002. As illustrated, the lens assembly 3004 is positionedbetween the image sensor contact areas 3002 a and 3002 b, such that arear portion of the lens assembly 3004 is closely associated and/or incontact with the first glass surface 3010 of the first vertical portionof the image sensor 3002. In the assembled position as shown in FIG.30B, a front portion of the lens assembly 3004 projects in an outwarddirection and the lens assembly 3004 extends outwards beyond the areadefined by the image sensor contact areas 3002 a and 3002 b. Hence, theeffective area occupied by just the lens assembly 3004 on a circuitboard of the endoscope is limited to the portion of the lens assembly3004 that extends outwards beyond the area occupied by the image sensorcontact areas 3002 a and 3002 b as shown in FIG. 30B.

The folded position of the image sensor 3002 reduces the length of spaceoccupied by the lens assembly 3004 on a circuit board placed in anendoscope tip, thereby enabling the two side optical assemblies to beplaced closer to each other than would have been possible with themethods of folding the image sensor used in prior art. This reduces thedistance between the first and the second side assemblies, such as thefirst and second side assemblies 6406, 6408 illustrated in FIG. 64.Hence, due to the folding position of the image sensor as illustrated,each of the side optic assembly occupies approximately 1.3 mm less spaceon the endoscope circuit board, thereby leading to the diameter of theendoscope tip being reduced by approximately 2.6 mm as compared to priorart.

FIG. 30C illustrates a metal frame 3006 positioned to support and holdthe lens assembly 3004 and the associated image sensor 3002. As shown,the metal frame 3006 is molded to enclose the lens assembly 3002 in amanner that supports the image sensor 3002 and the image sensor contactareas 3002 a and 3002 b.

In an embodiment of the present specification, a viewing element holderis employed for supporting the lens assembly and the image sensor aswell as the illuminators associated with the lens assembly. FIG. 31Aillustrates a viewing element holder for supporting a lens assembly,image sensor and associated illuminators, in accordance with anembodiment of the present specification. As illustrated, viewing elementholder 3102 which, in one embodiment, is a metal frame, is fitted aroundimage sensor 3104, lens assembly 3106 and illuminators 3108, 3110, suchthat image sensor contact area 3112 is exposed as shown. The frame 3102provides support to the image sensor 3104, lens assembly 3106 andilluminators 3108, 3110, enabling the said components to remain in afixed position. In an embodiment, the image sensor 3104 is coupled withthe frame 3102 in a manner identical to that illustrated in FIGS. 30Band 30C. The folding position of the image sensor 3104 inside theviewing element holder 3102 results in a reduction of the endoscope tipdiameter. Further, in various embodiments, the image sensor 3104 issoldered to upper and lower base boards such as shown in FIG. 28B.

FIG. 31B illustrates grooves built in the viewing element holder forsupporting the illuminators, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification. Grooves 3114 and 3116 are provided in the viewingelement holder 3102 for supporting illuminators 3108 and 3110 (shown inFIG. 31A) respectively. In one embodiment grooves 3114, 3116 areidentical for all illuminators, while in another embodiment each groovemay be adapted to different sizes of illuminators. For example,different sizes of illuminators may comprise LEDs (Light Emitting Diode)adapted to emit white light, infrared light, ultraviolet light,near-infrared light and other wavelengths of light. In otherembodiments, more number of grooves may be provided in the viewingelement holder 3102 in order to support more number of illuminators.

FIG. 32A illustrates a plurality of viewing element holders that areassembled to be placed in a tip of an endoscope, in accordance with anembodiment of the present specification. As shown in the figure, viewingelement holder metal frame 3202 supports a front lens assembly 3204,associated image sensor 3206 and illuminators 3208 and 3210. Viewingelement holder metal frame 3212 supports a side lens assembly 3214,associated image sensor 3216 and illuminators 3218 and 3220. Viewingelement holder metal frame 3222 supports a side lens assembly 3224,associated image sensor 3226 and illuminators 3228 and 3230. In variousembodiments, the viewing element holder metal frames act as a heat sinkfor the light emitting diodes employed in the illuminators. In oneembodiment, a metal component, such as metal supporting frame 3250 isplaced between the viewing element holders 3202, 3212 and 3222. Metalsupporting frame 3250 acts as a heat sink for the illuminators and alsosupports the viewing element holders 3202, 3212 and 3222 by fixedlyplacing them between the upper and lower base boards (not shown in FIG.32A). The metal supporting frame 3250 also integrates with the opticalassemblies and acts as a heat sink for the LEDs while supporting theoptical assemblies to be fixedly placed between the upper and lower baseboards. The viewing element holder metal frames 3202, 3212, 3222 and themetal supporting frame 3250 are made of brass, stainless steel, aluminumor any other material that provides thermal conductivity to act as aneffective heat sink (heat dissipater), as well as rigidity to adequatelyposition and support the lens assemblies and associated image sensors.

FIG. 32B illustrates the assembly shown in FIG. 32A coupled with anupper circuit board 3252 and a lower circuit board 3254 and associatedwith a fluid channeling component or manifold 3270 in a tip of anendoscope, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification. The metal supporting frame 3250 of the front viewingelement holder 3202, first side viewing element holder 3212 and thesecond side viewing element holder is adapted to act as a heat sink andis connected to the fluid channeling component or manifold 3270 suchthat the heat generated by the front illuminators 3208, 3210, the firstside illuminators 3218, 3220, and second side illuminators andassociated image sensors is transferred to the fluid channelingcomponent or manifold 3270, causing a lowering of the temperature of thetip of the endoscope. In accordance with various embodiments, the frontand side illuminators are high efficiency LEDs that allow operation ofthe endoscope with less heat dissipation. Efficiency of the LEDs rangesto allow a field of view of at least 90 degrees and up to essentially180 degrees, and a depth of field ranging from 3 to 100 millimeters. Instill further embodiments, heat dissipation from the front and side LEDsis managed by a) enabling automatic shut off of the LEDs when theendoscope is not in use, and b) allowing the LEDs to blink, pulsate orstrobe so that they use relatively less energy hence lowering overallheat dissipation.

Also shown in FIG. 32B is jet opening 3226′ and nozzle opening 3224′which, in one embodiment, are positioned adjacent to each other on frontpanel of the tip. In another embodiment, the jet opening 3226′ andnozzle opening 3224′ are positioned on either side of theworking/service channel opening 3222′ on the front panel of the tip. Atip cover sheaths the endoscope tip and the components therein.

The present specification discloses circuit boards particularly designedto hold front and side illuminators (associated with front and sideoptical assemblies of an endoscope respectively) in a desired positionwithin a tip portion of an endoscope. The use of the illuminator circuitboards provided by the present specification eases the assembly of theilluminators within the circuit board placed in an endoscope's tipportion, as the illuminator boards pre-define precise locations for thefront and side illuminators.

The present specification provides a convenient way of separating theoptical assemblies from their associated illuminators. It is easier tofirst assemble an optical assembly and then to place the associatedilluminators within the confined space of an endoscope tip. As the sizesof the components in an assembled endoscope's tip are very small, thepre-defined illuminator board helps keep all the components in desired,fixed positions.

FIG. 33A illustrates a front illuminator electronic circuit board 3306adapted for supporting the front illuminators 3308 a, 3308 b, 3308 c ofan endoscope, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification. FIG. 33A illustrates upper base board 3302, lower baseboard 3304, a front illuminator electronic circuit board 3306 forsupporting the front illuminators 3308 a, 3308 b, 3308 c, and a sideilluminator electronic circuit board 3310 for supporting the sideilluminators 3312 a, 3312 b. The front illuminators 3308 a, 3308 b, 3308c are associated with a front optical assembly comprising a front lensassembly 3314 and a front image sensor. The side illuminators 3312 a,3312 b are associated with a side optical assembly comprising a sidelens assembly 3316 and a side image sensor. The front image sensor'spins and rigid area 3320 are bent to be soldered to the upper base board3302 and lower base board 3304. The side image sensors' pins and rigidareas 3322 and 3324 (for the right and left side image sensorsrespectively) are bent to be soldered to the upper base board 3302 andlower base board 3304. An electrical cable 3350 threaded through theupper base board 3302 transfers the information from the opticalassemblies to a main control unit.

The front illuminator electronic circuit board 3306 holds a set of threefront illuminators 3308 a, 3308 b, and 3308 c. On each side panel, aside illuminator electronic circuit board 3310 holds a set of sideilluminators 3312 a, 3312 b (the figure illustrates only one side panelof the endoscope, however it should be understood by those of ordinaryskill in the art that the other side panel is equivalent to the shownside panel). In one embodiment, front illuminators 3308 a, 3308 b arepositioned between the upper 3302 and lower 3304 base boards while frontilluminator 3308 c is positioned above front lens assembly 3314 andabove the upper base board 3302. The two side illuminators 3312 a, 3312b on both sides of the endoscope tip are positioned between the upper3302 and lower 3304 base boards on either side of the side lens assembly3316.

In various embodiments, any material that is used for constructing a PCB(Printed circuit boards) may be used for constructing the front and sideilluminator circuit boards. Typical materials used for making PCB boardsare ceramic, polyamides for flexible board, and glass-reinforced epoxy,such as, FR4 (a composite material composed of woven fiberglass clothwith an epoxy resin binder that is flame resistant(self-extinguishing)). Also in various embodiments, the front and sideilluminator circuit boards may or may not be made of the same materialsas the upper and lower base boards.

FIG. 33B illustrates upper 3302 and lower 3304 base boards integratedwith the front 3306 and side 3310 illuminator electronic circuit boards,in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification. As shown,the front illuminator electronic circuit board 3306 is integrated withthe upper base board 3302 and lower base board 3304 and holds the frontilluminators 3308 a, 3308 b, 3308 c in place and enables the front lensassembly 3314 to protrude therethrough. The side illuminator circuitboard 3310 is positioned in a side panel of the endoscope tip betweenthe upper base board 3302 and lower base board 3304 and the sideilluminators 3312 a, 3312 b in place and enables the side lens assembly3316 to protrude therethrough. An electrical cable 3350 threaded throughthe upper base board 3302 transfers the information from the opticalassemblies to the illuminators and to a main control unit.

FIG. 34 illustrates optical assemblies and illuminators supported by anupper base board 3402 with the lower base board shown as 3304 in FIG.33A removed to assist visualization. With regards to FIG. 34, theendoscope tip has been flipped about its horizontal axis such that thetip is being viewed from its underside as compared to the view depictedin FIG. 33. In an embodiment, a metal frame 3405 having front 3411 andrear 3413 portions is provided to support the associated image sensors3415, 3417, 3419 and also the front 3414 and side 3416, 3418 lensassemblies. In various embodiments, the illuminator circuit boards 3406,3410 and 3420 are soldered to the lower (removed for visualization) andupper 3402 base boards and are supported by the metal frame 3405. Asillustrated, the metal frame 3405 includes a front portion 3411 providedto support the front lens assembly 3414 and support the front imagesensor 3415 associated with the front lens assembly 3414. The front 3411and rear 3413 portions of the metal frame 3405 support the side lensassemblies 3416, 3418 and support their associated image sensors 3417,3419, respectively. In an embodiment, the metal frame 3405 also servesas a heat sink to the light emitting diodes (LEDs) and sensorsincorporated in the endoscope.

A front illuminator circuit board 3406 holds the front illuminators 3408a, 3408 b, 3408 c in place and two side illuminator circuit boards 3410,3420 hold the side illuminators 3412 a, 3412 b and 3422 a, 3422 brespectively, associated with the side optical lens assemblies 3416 and3418 respectively, in place. A left side illuminator circuit board 3410supports the side illuminators 3412 a, 3412 b. A right side illuminatorcircuit board 3420 supports the illuminators 3422 a, 3422 b associatedwith the right side lens assembly 3418. In an embodiment, the frontilluminators circuit board 3406 is soldered to the metal frame 3405which supports all three optical assemblies and separates the opticalassemblies form one another. In one embodiment, the front illuminatorcircuit board 3406 is supported by a front portion 3411 of the metalframe and the side illuminator circuit boards 3410, 3420 are supportedby both the front portion 3411 and a rear portion 3413 of the metalframe 3405.

In one embodiment, front illuminator circuit board 3406 is adapted tohold three sets of illuminators 3408 a, 3408 b, 3408 c in place, whereineach set of illuminators may have 1, 2, 3 or more light sources such as,but not limited to, an LED. In one embodiment, side illuminator circuitboards 3410 and 3420 are adapted to hold two set of illuminators 3412 a,3412 b and 3422 a, 3422 b in place, wherein each set of illuminators mayhave 1, 2, 3 or more light sources such as, but not limited to, an LED.

FIG. 35A illustrates the metal frame 3505 and illuminator circuit boards3506, 3510, 3520 of FIG. 34 with the optical assemblies and upper baseboard removed to assist with visualization. Metal frame 3505 comprises afront recess area 3521 for a front lens assembly to protrudetherethrough, a first side recess area 3523 for a first side lensassembly to protrude therethrough and a second side recess area 3525 onan opposite side for a second side lens assembly to protrudetherethrough. A front illuminator electronic circuit board 3506 holdsfront illuminators 3508 a, 3508 b, 3508 c. As can be seen in the figure,the front illuminator electronic circuit board 3506 is ‘U’ shaped and iscoupled with the metal frame 3505 in a manner such that the front recess3521 of the metal frame 3505 aligns with the inner surface of the curvedportion of the ‘U’ shaped circuit board 3506.

Side illuminator electronic circuit boards 3510, 3520 hold sideilluminators 3512 a, 3512 b and 3522 a, 3522 b respectively. As can beseen in the figure, the side illuminator electronic circuit boards 3510,3520 are ‘U’ shaped and are coupled with the metal frame 3505 in amanner such that the side recesses 3523, 3525 of the metal frame 3505align with the inner surface of the curved portions of the ‘U’ shapedcircuit boards 3510, 3520.

FIG. 35B illustrates the metal frame 3505 with the illuminator circuitboards shown in FIG. 35A removed. In one embodiment, as depicted in FIG.35B, the metal frame 3505 approximates an ‘H’ shape with side supportwalls 3512 a, 3512 b, 3520 a, 3520 b extending outwardly at 90 degreesfrom each leg of the ‘H’. Two front support walls 3506 a, 3506 b arepositioned at the end of and perpendicular to side support walls 3520 a,3512 a respectively. The metal frame 3505 is designed to compriserecesses 3521, 3523, 3525 to accommodate the front lens assembly and thetwo side lens assemblies respectively in an endoscope tip. The frame3505 comprises: front support walls 3506 a and 3506 b for supporting thefront illuminator electronic circuit board shown as 3506 in FIG. 35A;side support walls 3512 a, 3512 b for supporting the side illuminatorelectronic circuit board shown as 3510 in FIG. 35A; and support walls3520 a, 3520 b for supporting the second side illuminator electroniccircuit board shown as 3520 in FIG. 35A.

FIG. 36 illustrates a front illuminator electronic circuit board 3606,in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification. In oneembodiment, as depicted in FIG. 36, the circuit board 3606 is shaped asa ‘U’ and holds front illuminators 3608 a, 3608 b, and 3608 c in place.In various embodiments, the length l of the front illuminator electroniccircuit board 3606 ranges from 7.5 mm to 9.5 mm and in an embodiment thelength l is approximately 8.8 mm. In various embodiments, the height hof the front illuminator electronic circuit board 3606 ranges from 5 mmto 6.5 mm and in an embodiment the height h is approximately 5.7 mm.

FIG. 37 illustrates a side illuminator electronic circuit board 3710, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification. In oneembodiment, as depicted in FIG. 37, the circuit board 3710 is shaped asa ‘U’ and holds side illuminators 3712 a, 3712 b in place. In variousembodiments, the length l of the side illuminator electronic circuitboard 3710 ranges from 7.5 mm to 9.5 mm and in an embodiment the lengthl is approximately 8.8 mm. In various embodiments, the height h of theside illuminator electronic circuit board 3710 ranges from 3 mm to 4.5mm and in an embodiment the height h is approximately 3.7 mm.

According to another aspect of the present specification, anadvantageous configuration of the electronic circuit board assemblyenables having a slim and compact design of the endoscope. Theconfiguration of the electronic circuit board assembly, in thisembodiment, is described with reference to a tip section that includes asingle side looking viewing element. However, in alternate embodiments,tip section may include more than one side looking viewing elements—inwhich case, the side looking viewing elements may be installed such thattheir fields of views are substantially opposing. However, differentconfigurations and number of side looking viewing elements are possiblewithin the general scope of the current specification.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 38A through 38F which show exploded viewsof a plurality of internal parts of an electronic circuit boardassembly, which when assembled, connected or attached together, form acondensed tip section of a multi-viewing elements endoscope, accordingto an aspect of the present specification.

Additionally, it should be noted that the plurality of internal parts ofthe electronic circuit board assembly may be electrically connected andmay be configured to share resources, such as electrical power andelectrical signals.

FIG. 38A illustrates a base board 3805 of an electronic circuit boardassembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present specification.Referring to FIG. 38A, the base board 3805 is shaped roughly as an “L”with a first member 3805 a extending in a y direction and in an xdirection. The first member 3805 a is integrally formed with a secondmember 3805 b, wherein said first member 3805 a and said second member3805 b lie in the same horizontal plane and said second member 3805 bextends from said first member 3805 a at an angle of substantially 90degrees. The second member 3805 b extends in a y direction and in an xdirection. In one embodiment, the length of the second member 3805 b isgreater than the length of the first member 3805 a. In other words, thesecond member 3805 b extends further in the x direction than the firstmember 3805 a extends in the y direction. In one embodiment, the secondmember 3805 b is further integrally formed with an offset member 3805 cat the end of the second member 3805 b that is opposite the end to whichthe first member 3805 a is formed. The offset member 3805 c lies in thesame horizontal plane as the first member 3805 a and second member 3805b and extends in a y direction and in an x direction. In one embodiment,the offset member 3805 c is offset from the second member 3805 b in thesame y direction in which the first member 3805 a is formed to thesecond member 3805 b. In one embodiment, each member 3805 a, 3805 b,3805 c has the same thickness and therefore the entire base board 3805has a single thickness.

In one embodiment, the first member 3805 a comprises at least twoopenings 3806 for the insertion of attachment pegs of a first metalframe as described with reference to FIGS. 38B and 38C below. In oneembodiment, the second member 3805 b comprises at least two openings3807 for the insertion of attachment pegs of a second metal frame asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 38B and 38C below. In one embodiment,the offset member comprises at least one opening 3808 for a multi-wireelectrical cable which is welded on the base board 3805 in a designatedlocation, thereby freeing additional space within the tip assembly. Theopening 3808 is where the electrical cable is welded to the base board3805.

FIG. 38B illustrates one embodiment of a first metal frame 3810 and asecond metal frame 3812 for supporting a front looking viewing elementand a side looking viewing element respectively, of an electroniccircuit board assembly. In one embodiment, the first metal frame 3810and the second metal frame 3812 are identical in shape. The first andsecond metal frames 3810, 3812 comprise substantially rectangular shapedmetal bodies 3840 a, 3840 b each having a substantially oval shapedopening 3841 a, 3841 b at the center of each metal body 3840 a, 3840 b.In addition, each metal body 3840 a, 3840 b comprises a top surface 3842a, 3842 b and a bottom surface 3843 a, 3843 b. Extending from the bottomsurface 3843 a, 3843 b of each metal body 3840 a, 3840 b are at leasttwo attachment pegs 3844 a, 3844 b to be inserted into correspondingopenings in the first and second members of the base board as discussedwith reference to FIGS. 38A and 38C.

Further, each metal body 3840 a, 3840 b includes a front surface 3845 a,3845 b comprising a first pair of side walls 3846 a, 3846 b and a rearsurface 3847 a, 3847 b comprising a second pair of side walls 3848 a,3848 b. The front surfaces 3845 a, 3845 b and first pairs of side walls3846 a, 3846 b are configured to receive image sensors as discussed withreference to FIG. 38G below. The rear surfaces 3847 a, 3847 b and secondpairs of side walls 3848 a, 3848 b are configured to receive printedcircuit boards as discussed with reference to FIG. 38E below.

FIG. 38C illustrates a first intermediate assembly 3815 with first 3810and second 3812 metal frames placed on the base board 3805 of anelectronic circuit board assembly, in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present specification. The attachment pegs (3844 a in FIG. 38B) ofthe first metal frame 3810 have been inserted into the openings (3806 inFIG. 38A) of the first member 3805 a of the base board 3805. The firstmetal frame 3810 is attached to the base board 3805 such that the frontsurface 3845 a of the first metal frame 3810 faces forward and outwardfrom the center of the endoscope tip and the rear surface 3847 a of thefirst metal frame 3810 faces inward toward the center of the endoscopetip, once fully assembled. The attachment pegs (3844 b in FIG. 38B) ofthe second metal frame 3812 have been inserted into the openings (3807in FIG. 38A) of the second member 3805 b of the base board 3805. Thesecond metal frame 3812 is attached to the base board 3805 such that thefront surface 3845 b of the second metal frame 3812 faces sideward andoutward from the center of the endoscope tip and the rear surface 3847 bof the second metal frame 3812 faces inward toward the center of theendoscope tip, once fully assembled. In one embodiment, the first 3810and second 3812 metal frames are soldered to the base board 3805.

In one embodiment, the base board 3805 is rigid while in anotherembodiment it is semi-rigid. The two metal frames 3810, 3812 form basestructures for respectively supporting a front and a side lookingviewing element of the endoscope. The first metal frame 3810 is definedby a first length L₁ and a first width W₁, the first length L₁ beinggreater than the first width W₁, and a first central axis 3811 that isparallel to the first length L₁. The second metal frame 3812 is definedby a second length L₂ and a second width W₂, the second length L₂ beinggreater than the second width W₂, and a second central axis 3813 that isparallel to the second length L₂. The metal frames 3810, 3812 are placedon the base board 3805 such that the respective central axes 3811, 3813of the frames intersect and form an angle ‘N’ to each other. In variousembodiments, the angle ‘N’ ranges from 70 to 135 degrees. In oneembodiment the angle ‘N’ is 90 degrees.

FIG. 38D illustrates one embodiment of a first printed circuit board3817 and a second printed circuit board 3818 for inclusion with anelectronic circuit board assembly. In one embodiment, the printedcircuit boards 3817, 3818 are substantially rectangular shaped and eachincludes a top surface 3852 a, 3852 b, a bottom surface 3853 a, 3853 b,a front surface 3855 a, 3855 b, a rear surface 3857 a, 3857 b, and twoside surfaces 3858 a, 3858 b.

Referring to FIG. 38E, the two printed circuit boards (PCBs) 3817, 3818are placed against the rear surfaces 3847 a, 3847 b of the respectivemetal frames 3810, 3812 to form a second intermediate assembly 3820. Inone embodiment, the first printed circuit board 3817 is positioned onthe base board 3805 such that the front surface (3855 a in FIG. 38D) ofthe first printed circuit board 3817 touches the rear surface 3847 a ofthe first metal frame 3810 and the side surfaces (3858 a in FIG. 38D) ofthe first printed circuit board 3817 touch the second pair of side walls3848 a of the first metal frame 3810. In one embodiment, the secondprinted circuit board 3818 is positioned on the base board 3805 suchthat the front surface (3855 b in FIG. 38D) of the second printedcircuit board 3818 touches the rear surface 3847 b of the second metalframe 3812 and the side surfaces (3858 b in FIG. 38D) of the secondprinted circuit board 3818 touch the second pair of side walls 3848 b ofthe second metal frame 3812. In another embodiment, the printed circuitboards 3817, 3818 are flipped horizontally such that their rear surfaces(3857 a, 3857 b in FIG. 38D) touch the rear surfaces 3847 a, 3847 b ofthe metal frames 3810, 3812. In the two embodiments, the rear surfaces3847 a, 3847 b and second pairs of side walls 3848 a, 3848 b of themetal frames 3810, 3812 act to contain the printed circuit boards 3817,3818. In one embodiment, the printed circuit boards 3817, 3818 fitsnugly within the pairs of side walls 3848 a, 3848 b and against therear surfaces 3847 a, 3847 b of the metal frames 3810, 3812. The snugfit helps to maximize the use of available area in the tip, allowing theendoscope tip to have a smaller overall diameter. In one embodiment, thebottom surfaces 3853 a, 3853 b of the printed circuit boards 3817, 3818are soldered to the base board 3805.

FIG. 38Fa illustrates horizontal and side planar views of an imagesensor 3802, with a first plurality of connector pins 3803 a on a firstend of the sensor 3802 and a second plurality of connector pins 3804 aon the opposite end of the sensor 3802, and a manner of folding theimage sensor 3802 consistent with one embodiment. The image sensor 3802also includes piece of glass 3835 and a printed circuit board orcomputer chip 3830. To be placed into the endoscope tip, the imagesensor 3802 is folded into a ‘U’ shape such that the first plurality ofconnector pins 3803 a and second plurality of connector pins 3804 a formthe ‘arms’ of the U while the glass 3835 and printed circuit board orcomputer chip 3830 form the ‘base’ of the U. With respect to the presentspecification and with reference to FIGS. 30A through 30C and FIGS.38Fa, 38Fb, “inner surface” refers to the surface of the base of the Uwhich faces in the same direction as the arms extend or, in other words,into the inside of the U shape while “outer surface” refers to thesurface of the base of the U which faces in the opposite direction inwhich the arms extend or, in other words, in the opposite direction ofthe inside of the U shape. In the conventional design, the image sensor3802 is folded, as denoted by the arrows 3828 in FIG. 38Fa, such thatthe glass 3835 becomes positioned on the outer surface and the printedcircuit board or computer chip 3830 becomes positioned on the innersurface of the image sensor 3802. The glass 3835 is always associatedwith the lens assembly and therefore the glass 3835 of the image sensor3802 always faces away from a center of the endoscope tip and toward anobject to be viewed. Therefore, in the conventional design, since theglass 3835 is on the outer surface with respect to the U shaped fold,the first and second plurality of connector pins 3803 a, 3804 a extendin toward a center of the tip of the endoscope.

FIG. 38Fb illustrates horizontal and side views of an image sensor 3802(shown as 2908, 2918 and 2920 in FIGS. 29A, 29B and 29C), with a firstplurality of connector pins 3803 a on a first end of the sensor 3802 anda second plurality of connector pins 3804 a on the opposite end of thesensor 3802, and a manner of folding the image sensor 3802 in accordancewith one embodiment of the present specification. Referring to FIG.38Fb, the image sensor 3802 is folded, as denoted by the arrows 3828′,in the opposite direction compared to the direction of folding shown inFIG. 38Fa. Once folded (as shown in FIG. 30A), the image sensor 3802 isconfigured such that the glass 3835 becomes positioned on the innersurface of the U shaped image sensor 3802 and the printed circuit boardor computer chip 3830 becomes positioned on the outer surface of the Ushape image sensor 3802. This folding design is advantageous because,once the image sensor 3802 is assembled with the lens assembly (as shownin FIG. 30B), the overall footprint of the image sensor 3802 and lensassembly combination is smaller when compared to that of theconventional design. The first and second plurality of connector pins3803 a, 3804 a act to embrace or cradle the lens assembly, allowing thelens assemblies to be positioned further back within the endoscope andthereby providing more space within the endoscope tip.

FIG. 38G illustrates one embodiment of a third intermediate assembly3825 formed by attaching image sensors 3822, 3823 to a secondintermediate assembly (3820 from FIG. 38E). In one embodiment, a firstimage sensor 3822 is positioned such that the outer surface of the firstimage sensor 3822, comprising a computer chip, comes to rest on thefront surface 3845 a and between the first pair of side walls 3846 a ofthe first metal frame 3810. In this manner, the inner surface of thefirst image sensor 3822, comprising a piece of glass 3835, faces forwardand outward from the center of the endoscope tip, once fully assembled.The first plurality of connector pins 3824 a on a first end of the imagesensor 3822 is folded underneath the base board 3805 and soldered to thebase board 3805. The second plurality of connector pins 3825 a on asecond end of the first image sensor 3822 is folded over the top surfaceof the first metal frame 3810 and soldered to the first printed circuitboard 3817. In one embodiment, a second image sensor 3823 is positionedsuch that the outer surface of the second image sensor 3823, comprisinga computer chip, comes to rest on the front surface 3845 b and betweenthe first pair of side walls 3846 b of the second metal frame 3812. Inthis manner, the inner surface of the second image sensor 3823,comprising a piece of glass, faces sideward and outward from the centerof the endoscope tip, once fully assembled. The first plurality ofconnector pins on a first end of the image sensor 3823 is foldedunderneath the base board 3805 and soldered to the base board 3805. Thesecond plurality of connector pins 3825 b on a second end of the secondimage sensor 3823 is folded over the top surface of the second metalframe 3812 and soldered to the second printed circuit board 3818. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the front and side looking image sensors3822, 3823 are similar or identical in terms of, for example, field ofview, resolution, light sensitivity, pixel size, focal length, focaldistance and/or the like.

The printed circuit boards 3817, 3818 supply respective front and sidelooking viewing sensors 3822, 3823 with electrical power and derivestill images and/or video feeds captured by the image sensors.

In accordance with an embodiment, each of the front and side lookingimage sensors 3822, 3823 has a lens assembly mounted on their outersurfaces to provide necessary optics for receiving images. Each lensassembly comprises a plurality of lenses, static or movable, whichprovide a field of view of at least 90 degrees and up to essentially 180degrees. Front looking image sensor 3822 and corresponding lens assemblywith associated printed circuit board 3817 are together referred to asthe ‘front looking viewing element’. Similarly, side looking sensor 3823and corresponding lens assembly with associated printed circuit board3818 are together referred to as the ‘side looking viewing element’.

Persons of ordinary skill in the art should note that the metal frames3810, 3812 not only serve as mechanical support to the printed circuitboards 3817, 3818 and sensors 3822, 3823, thereby providing structuralruggedness, but also act as heat sinks, allowing efficient heatdissipation from the sensors 3822, 3823.

FIG. 38Ha illustrates one embodiment of a front illumination circuitboard 3826 a comprising a curved front panel 3827 a approximating a “U”shape. In one embodiment, the front panel 3827 a is configured to carrythree sets of front illuminators 3829 a, 3829 b, 3829 c wherein each setcomprises a single illuminator element. In other embodiments, the frontfoldable panel 3827 a is configured to carry three sets of frontilluminators 3829 a, 3829 b, 3829 c wherein each set may furthercomprise 2, 3, or 4 illuminator elements. The three sets of frontilluminators 3829 a, 3829 b, and 3829 c are associated with the frontlooking viewing element of the endoscope and positioned to illuminatethe field of view of the front looking viewing element. In oneembodiment, sidewall 3827 b of the circuit board 3827 a is truncated inorder to align with a corresponding sidewall design, wherein thesidewall of a tip cover is adapted to include a depression.

FIG. 38Hb illustrates one embodiment of a side illumination circuitboard 3826 b comprising a curved side panel 3827 c approximating a “U”shape. The side panel 3827 c is configured to carry two sets of sideilluminators 3829 d, 3829 e wherein each set comprises a singleilluminator element in accordance with an embodiment. In otherembodiments, the side panel 3827 c is configured to carry two sets ofside illuminators 3829 d, 3829 e wherein each set may further comprise2, 3, or 4 illuminator elements. The side illuminators 3829 d, 3829 eare associated with the side looking viewing element of the endoscopeand positioned to essentially illuminate the field of view of the sidelooking viewing element. In various embodiments, the side illuminatorsare positioned such that the distance between the center of sideilluminator 3829 d and the center of side illuminator 3829 e is in arange of 5.5-6.5 mm.

As illustrated in FIG. 381, the base board 3805 is configured to holdand support the illumination circuit boards 3826 a and 3826 b and theircorresponding illuminators 3829 a through 3829 e in the desiredconfiguration (that is, proximate to the first and second metal frames).The base board 3805 secures the front and side looking viewing elements3832, 3833 in place to form an electronic circuit board assembly 400 ofthe present specification. Finally, FIGS. 38J through 38K illustrate anendoscope tip 3801 and a fluid channeling component or manifold 600attached to the electronic circuit board assembly 400 of the presentspecification. Fluid channeling component or manifold 600 includes afront working/service channel 640 that is configured for insertion of amedical (such as a surgical) tool and for applying suction to tissue.According to some embodiments, there is provided herein an endoscope(such as, but not limited to, a gastroscope or colonoscope) thatincludes (in a tip section thereof), in addition to a front viewingelement and one side viewing element, and in addition to a frontworking/service channel 640, a front nozzle opening 3824 and a front jetopening 3826.

FIG. 114 is a flow chart illustrating a plurality of manufacturing stepsfor assembling, connecting or attaching various components of an opticalassembly as described with reference to FIGS. 38A through 38K for use ina multi-viewing elements endoscope. It should be noted that themanufacturing steps described below can occur in any order and that theorder of the manufacturing steps presented below are only exemplary andnot to be construed as limiting. Referring now to FIG. 114, a base boardis obtained in step 11405. In step 11410, a first metal frame ispositioned on the base board. In some embodiments, the first metal frameis defined by a first length and a first width, the first length beinggreater than the first width, and a first central axis that is parallelto the first length. In step 11415, a second metal frame is positionedon the base board. In some embodiments, the second metal frame isdefined by a second length and a second width, the second length beinggreater than the second width, and a second central axis that isparallel to the second length. The first central axis and second centralaxis intersect and define an angle within a range of 70 to 135 degreeswith respect to each other. In step 11420, a first printed circuitboard, a first sensor and a first lens assembly are coupled to the firstmetal frame. In step 11425, a second printed circuit board, a secondsensor and a second lens assembly are coupled to the second metal frame.

Next, a first illumination circuit board is obtained, in step 11430, andcoupled, in step 11435, to the base board proximate to the first metalframe such that a curved panel of the first illumination circuit boardconforms to a curved surface of the first lens assembly. Thereafter, asecond illumination circuit board is obtained, in step 11440, andcoupled, in step 11445, to the base board proximate to the second metalframe such that a curved panel of the second illumination circuit boardconforms to a curved surface of the second lens assembly.

The optical setup for endoscopes typically used in the prior artrequires a relatively large overall optical length (total optical track)of the entire optical system, which is disadvantageous for endoscopes,in particular those used as colonoscopes and gastroscopes, particularlyif used in endoscopes having side-viewing camera or cameras, such asendoscopes according to embodiments of the present specification.

In addition, in sensors (such as CCD sensors) used in endoscopes of theprior art, the pixels are partially covered by a photo-shielding film,so that the light energy is concentrated in the center of the pixel,where there is a “window” in the photo-shielding film. This improves thesignal-to-noise ratio and increases the light utilization efficiency.However, this also causes the sensor to be sensitive to incident anglesbetween the light rays which have passed the micro-lenses of the sensorand the optical axis of the system. Thus, light rays having relativelysmall incident angles may reach the pixel, while light rays havingrelatively large incident angles (between the light rays which havepassed the micro-lenses of the sensor and the optical axis of thesystem) may not reach the “window” and thus the pixel, leading tosignificant energy losses. The losses are maximized at the edges of thefield of view, i.e. for light rays having incident angles close to thatof the chief ray.

There is thus provided herein, according to some embodiments, a lenssystem (assembly) configured for use in an endoscope, such as acolonoscope, particularly for use in a multi-sensorendoscope/colonoscope. The lens system, (optionally together with thesensor) according to some embodiments of the specification, has a shorttotal optical length (track), for example, 5 mm or less. The lenssystem, according to some embodiments of the specification, isconfigured to provide a large incident angle, for example, a chiefincident angle (for example the incident angles forming by rays R6 inFIGS. 41A through 41C) larger than 20°, larger than 25°, larger than 30°or between about 20-40°. The lens system, according to some embodimentsof the specification, provides minimal distortion (for example, lessthan 80%).

According to some embodiments, the sensor which is used together withthe lens system, is configured to have a window in the photo-shieldingfilm configured to allow rays having large incident angle (for example,a chief incident angle larger than 20°, larger than 25°, larger than 30°or between about 20-40°) to reach the pixel and thus improve thedistortion. According to some embodiments, the width of the window (orany other dimensional parameter) may be about 30-60% of the width of thecorresponding pixel. According to some embodiments, the micro-lenses ofthe sensor may be configured to provide substantially aplanaticconditions. In other words, the sensor may be configured to provide animage substantially free of aberrations.

FIG. 39A schematically depicts a cross section of an endoscope 3900having multiple fields of view showing some details of the head 3930according to an exemplary embodiment of the current specification.

According to the current specification, head 3930 of endoscope 3900comprises at least a forward looking camera 39116 and two side lookingcameras 3920 a and 3920 b. Each of cameras 39116 and 3920 a, 3920 b isprovided with an optical imaging system such as lens assemblies(systems) 39132 and 3932 respectively and solid state detector arrays39134 and 3934 respectively. Front camera elements 3936 and 3956 ofcameras 39116 and 3920 respectively may be a flat protective window, butoptionally an optical element used as part of the imaging systems suchas solid state detector arrays 39134 and 3934 respectively. Optionally,cameras 39116 and 3920 are similar or identical, however differentcamera designs may be used, for example, field of views 39118 and 3918may be different. Additionally or alternatively, other camera parameterssuch as, resolution, light sensitivity, pixel size and pixel number,focal length, focal distance and depth of field may be selected to bethe same or different.

Light is provided by light emitting diodes (LED) that illuminates thefields of view. According to some embodiments, white light LEDs may beused. According to other embodiments, other colors of LEDs or anycombination of LEDs may be used (for example, red, green, blue,infrared, and ultraviolet).

In the depicted embodiment, field of view 39118 of forward lookingcamera 39116 is illuminated by two LEDs 3940 a and 3940 b located withinthe endoscope head 3930 and protected by optical windows 3942 a and 3942b respectively.

Similarly, in the depicted embodiment, fields of view of side lookingcameras 3920 a and 3920 b are each illuminated by a single LED 3950located within the endoscope head 3930 and each protected by opticalwindow 3952. It should be noted that number of LED light sources andtheir position in respect to the cameras may vary within the scope ofthe current specification. For example, few LEDs may be positionedbehind the same protective window, a camera and an LED or plurality ofLED may be located behind the same protective window, etc.

Head 3930 of endoscope 3900 is located at the distal end of a flexibleshaft 3960. Similar to shafts of the art, shaft 3960 comprises a workingchannel 3962 for insertion of surgical tools. Additionally, shaft 3960may comprises channels for irrigation, insufflation, suction andsupplying liquid for washing the colon wall.

FIG. 39B schematically depicts a cross section cutout of an endoscopeshowing some details of the head 3930 according to an exemplaryembodiment of the current specification. For simplicity, details of oneof the two side looking cameras are marked in the figure.

According to the current specification, head 3930 of the endoscopecomprises at least one side looking camera 3920. Each of cameras 3920 isprovided with an optical imaging system such as lens assemblies 3932 andsolid state detector arrays 3934. Front camera element 3956 of camera3920 may be a flat protective window or an optical element used as partof the imaging system 3932.

FIG. 39C schematically depicts a cross section of an endoscope havingmultiple fields of view showing some details of the head 3930 accordingto an exemplary embodiment of the current specification.

According to some embodiments of the current specification, the interiorof the head 3930 comprises forward looking and side looking cameras39116 and 3920, respectively. Cameras 39116 and/or 3920 comprise lensassemblies 39132 having a plurality of lenses 430 to 434 and protectiveglass 3936 and a solid state detector array 39134 connected to a printedcircuit board 39135 and 3935. It is noted that cameras 39116 and 3920 orany element related to them (such as lens assemblies 39132, lenses 430to 434 and protective glass 3936, solid state detector array 39134and/or printed circuit board 39135 and 3935) may be the same ordifferent. In other words, the front looking camera and the side lookingcamera(s) may be the same or different in any one or any combinations oftheir components or other element related to them (such as opticalelements).

FIG. 40 schematically depicts a cross section of cameras 39116 or 3920,showing some details of lens assemblies 39132 and 3932 according to anexemplary embodiment of the current specification. It should be notedthat according to some embodiments of the specification, cameras 39116and 3920 may be similar or different. Optionally, the focusing distanceof camera 39116 is slightly different than that of camera 3920.Differences in focusing distances may be achieved, for example, by(slightly) changing the distance between the lenses that comprise thelens assemblies 39132 and/or 3932, or between the lens assembly and thedetector array.

Air gap “S” between lenses 431 and 432 acts as a stop. Air gap S mayaffect the focal range (the distance between the closest object andfarther objects that can be imaged without excessive blurring caused bybeing out of optimal focusing of the lens system).

According to an exemplary embodiment of the current specification,cameras 39116 and 3920 comprise lens assemblies 39132 and 3932respectively. The lens assemblies comprise a set of lenses 430 to 434and protective glass 436.

Lenses 430 to 434 are situated within a (optionally metallic) barrel 410and connector thereto (for example, glued in barrel 410). Any one oflens assemblies 39132 and/or 3932 may also include an adapter 411,optionally, as shown in FIG. 40, positioned within barrel 410. Adapter411 is configured to adjust the location of one or more of the lensesand adjust the distance between lenses. Adapter 411 may also beconfigured to function as a stop (in this case, between lenses 432 and433. Protective glass 436 is situated in proximity to the solid statedetector arrays 39134 or 3934 and is optionally attached thereto.

Focal distance (the distance to the object to be optimally focused bythe lens system) may be changed by changing the distance between lenses434 and protective glass 436. As lens 434 is fixed to the barrel 410,and protective glass 436 is fixed to lens holder 39136 (3936), thisdistance may be varied by changing the relative positioning of lensholder 39136 (3936) with respect to barrel 410. The space between thelenses 434 and protective glass 436 may be an empty space or may befilled with glass or other transparent material, or a tubular spacer maybe inserted to guarantee the correct distance between these lenses.Optionally, optical filters may be placed within the space. Cameras39116 and 3920 further comprise solid state detector arrays 39134 and3934 respectively. Solid state detector arrays 39134 and 3934 may eachbe connected to printed circuit boards. An electrical cabling mayconnect the printed boards to a central control system unit of theendoscope.

Solid state detector arrays 39134 and 3934 are attached to lens holders39136 and 3936 respectively. Lens holder 39136 or 3936 is attached tolens assemblies 39132 or 3932 respectively by attaching detector arraycover to barrel 410.

In some applications, protective glass 436 may be a flat-flat opticalelement, acting primarily as a protection of the detector array (such asdetector arrays 39134 and 3934), and may optionally be supplied with thearray. However, optical properties of protective glass 436 need to beaccounted for in the optical design.

In order to assemble lens assemblies 39132 or 3932, lens 430 may firstbe inserted from the left, then 431, and 432 from the right. Lenses 433and 434 which may be glued together (or separated for example by air)are then inserted from right. The complete set is now assembled in abarrel. The assembled detector (such as detector arrays 39134 and 3934),protective glass 436 and cover 39136(3936) are then added.

FIGS. 41a, 41b and 41c illustrate three examples for the lens assembliessuch as lens assemblies 39132 and 3932 according to the presentspecification, having objective lens systems 510, 520 and 530respectively. The sensor used in the lens assemblies 39132 and 3932,according to this exemplary embodiment, may be a Charge Coupled Devicesensor (CCD) having an array of micro-lenses but other sensors, such asCMOS, may also be used.

In an exemplary embodiment of the specification, a color CCD camerahaving resolution of approximately 800×600 pixels is used with totalactive area of approximately 3.3×2.95 mm. The optical resolution of thelens, according to exemplary embodiments of the current specification,is designed to match the resolution of the sensor. The objective lenssystems 510 (520/530) are preferably corrected for chromatic, sphericaland astigmatism aberrations. In an exemplary embodiment of thespecification, objective lens systems 510, 520, 530 are approximately4.60 mm (4.62) in total length, measured from front face of front lensto the front surface of the sensor. In an exemplary embodiment of thespecification, objective lens systems 510 and 520 are wide angleobjectives having approximately 170 degrees acceptance angle. In anexemplary embodiment of the specification, objective lens systems 510,520, 530 have a short focal distance of measured from the front surfaceof the front lens to the imaged object. In an exemplary embodiment ofthe specification objective lens systems 510, 520, 530 have depth offocus (DOF) allowing to effectively image objects between 4-110 mm (orbetween, 3.5-50 mm). In an exemplary embodiment of the specification,objective lens systems 510, 520 and 530 have a maximum diameter of about2.5 mm, defined by the diameter of the front lens, and are housed in abarrel having a maximum outer diameter of approximately 3.6 mm. Itshould be noted that other design parameters may be selected within thegeneral scope of the current specification.

The objective lens systems 510, 520, 530 have an optical axis “O”depicted by the dashed line. The lens systems each comprise a frontsub-system 510 a, 520 a, 530 a and a rear sub-system 510 b, 520 b, 530b.

Front sub-systems 510 a and 520 a of FIGS. 41A and 41B each comprise afront lens 430, 430′ located closest to the object to be viewed, havinga negative power and lens 431, 431′ having a positive power.

Front lens 430, 430′ is oriented with its concave surface facing theobject to be viewed and optionally has a diameter substantially greaterthan the largest dimension of the rear sub-system 510 b, 520 b in thedirection perpendicular to the optical axis. Lens 431, 431′ has apositive power.

Rear sub-systems 510 b, 520 b comprise lenses 432, 433, 434 andprotective glass 436 and lenses 432′, 433′, 434′, and protective glass436′ respectively, wherein 432 and 432′ have a negative power, 433 and433′ have a positive power, 434 and 434′ have a negative power, and 436and 436′ have essentially no optic power. It is noted that protectiveglass 436 and 436′ may be a part of the sensor or a part of the rearsub-system 510 b, 520 b. Lenses 433 and 434, and 433′ and 434′, of therear sub-systems 510 b and 520 b respectively, compose an achromaticsub-assembly (a compound achromatic sub-assembly as seen in FIG. 41A,where lenses 433 and 434 are cemented or non-compound achromaticsub-assembly as seen in FIG. 41B, where lens 433′ and lens 434′ areseparated). Lens 433 and 433′ may be biconvex with radius of curvatureof its front surface being smaller than radius of curvature of its rearsurface, as indicated in Tables T1 and T2 below.

Lens 432 of the objective lens systems 510 may have a focal length f432satisfying the following condition: f432≤1.8f, where f is the compositefocal length of the total system. Particularly, for the data indicatedin Table T1, f432=2.05 and f=1.234 mm, the condition: f432≤1.8f issatisfied.

Lens 432′ of the objective lens systems 520 may have a focal lengthf432′ satisfying the following condition: f432≤1.8f.

Particularly, for the data indicated in Table T2, f432=2.05 and f=1.15mm, the condition: f432≤1.8f is satisfied.

The lenses may be coated with an anti-reflection coating (AR coating)for further improving the efficiency of the lens assemblies 39132, 232.

An effective aperture stop S1, S2 is formed between lenses 431 and 432,431′ and 432′. Effective aperture stop S1, S2 may separate between frontsub-system 510 a, 520 a) and rear sub-system 510 b, 520 b.

Front sub-system 530 a, seen in FIG. 41C, comprises a front lens 430″located closest to the object to be viewed, having a negative power andlens 431″, having a positive power. Front sub-system 530 a furthercomprises an additional front positive lens (such as the meniscus lens429) disposed between the first front negative lens 430″ and the secondfront positive lens 431″.

Front lens 430″ is oriented with its concave surface facing the objectto be viewed and optionally having a diameter substantially greater thanthe largest dimension of the rear sub-system 530 b in the directionperpendicular to the optical axis.

Rear sub-system 530 b comprises lenses 432″, 433″, 434″, and protectiveglass 436″, wherein 432″ has a negative power, 433″ has a positivepower, 434″ has a negative power, and 436″ has essentially no opticpower. It is noted that protective glass 436″ may be a part of thesensor or a part of the rear sub-system 530 b. Lenses 433″ and 434″compose an achromatic sub-assembly of the rear sub-system 530 b and mayor may not be cemented to each other. Lens 433″ may be biconvex withradius of curvature of its front surface being smaller than radius ofcurvature of its rear surface, as indicated in Table T3 below.

Lens 432″ of the objective lens systems 530 may have a focal length f432satisfying the following condition: f432″≤1.8f, where f is the compositefocal length of the total system. Particularly, for the data indicatedin Table T3 f432″=2.26 and f=1.06 mm, the condition: f432″≤1.8f issatisfied.

The lenses may be coated with an anti-reflection coating (AR coating)for further improving the efficiency of the lens assemblies 39132, 3932.

An effective aperture stop S3 is formed between lenses 431″ and 432″.Effective aperture stop S3 may separate between front sub-system 530 aand rear sub-system 530 b.

Tables T1, T2 and T3 summarize the parameters of lenses in the objectivelens systems 510, 520 and 530, respectively, according to someembodiments of the current specification:

TABLE T1 (FOV = 164o, DOF = 3-110 mm. f = 1.234 mm, total optical track4.09 mm) Semi- Semi- Diameter Diameter Lens Type R₁ R₂ Th D Glass d₁/2d₂/2 f _(mm) 430 Negative 15 0.7 0.2 0.18 N-LASF31 1.2 0.64 −0.837 431Plan-convex 0.9 Infinity 0.56 0.27 N-LASF31 0.8 0.8 1.02 S₁ Stop 0.050.104 432 Plan-convex Infinity −1.0 0.75 0.09 FK5 0.8 0.8 2.05 433Biconvex 1.93 −4.2 0.75 0.005 N-LAK22 1.1 1.1 2.13 434 Biconcave −4.24.44 0.3 0.65 N-SF66 1.1 1.2 −2.3 436 Protection Glass Infinity Infinity0.3 0 N-BK7 1.5 1.5 Infinity

TABLE 2 (FOV = 164o, DOF = 3-110 mm, f = 1.15 mm, total optical track4.09 mm) Semi-Diameter Semi-Diameter Lens Type R₁ R₂ Th D Glass d₁/2d₂/2 f _(mm) 430 Negative 6 0.7 0.2 0.3 N-LASF31 1.2 0.66 −0.913 431Plan-convex 1.26 Infinity 0.50 0.27 N-LASF31 0.8 0.8 1.43 S₁ Stop 0.050.105 432 Plan-convex Infinity −1.0 0.60 0.15 FK5 0.8 0.8 2.05 433Biconvex 1.67 −1.65 0.70 0.30 FK5 0.95 0.95 1.83 434 Meniscus −1.33−12.0 0.35 0.40 N-SF66 1.0 1.2 −1.65 436 Protection Infinity Infinity0.3 0 N-BK7 1.5 1.5 Infinity GlassTable T3 shows an example of a six-component system also comprising anadditional positive lens 429 (for example, as indicated in Table T3, ameniscus lens).

TABLE 3 (FOV = 164o, DOF = 3-110 mm, f = 1.06 mm, total optical track4.69 mm) Semi-Diameter Semi-Diameter Lens Type R₁ R₂ Th D Glass d₁/2d₂/2 f _(mm) 430” Negative 4.3 0.75 0.2 0.22 N-LASF31 1.3 0.72 −1.06 429Meniscus 0.95 0.9 0.44 0.18 N-SF66 0.8 0.65 5.75 431” Plan-convex 2.0Infinity 0.75 0.02 N-LASF31 0.8 0.8 2.26 S₃ Stop 0.02 0.116 432”Plan-convex Infinity −1.0 0.78 0 N-PSK57 0.8 0.8 1.69 433” Biconvex 2.52−2.0 0.50 0.154 YGH52 0.8 0.8 1.49 434” Biconcave −1.44 11.0 0.25 0.91PBH56 0.8 0.9 −1.50 436” Protection Infinity Infinity 0.3 0 N-BK7 1.51.5 Infinity GlassR1—radius of curvature of the lens front surface (front surface is thesurface facing the direction of the object);R2—radius of curvature of the lens rear surface (facing away from theobject);Th—thickness of the lens—from center of front surface to center of rearsurface;Glass—lens glass type;d1—radius of the front optical surface of the lens;d2—radius of the rear optical surface of the lens;D—distance between components such as lenses, measured front center ofrear surface of the component, such as lens to the front surface of thenext optical element (in the case of a stop, S, the distance is measuredfront center of rear surface of a component on the front side of thestop, to the front surface of the next component),

As commonly used, radius of curvature equal to infinity is interpretedas planar. All lenses are optionally spherical.

FIGS. 41A, 41B and 41C also show the propagation of six incident rays oflight R1 to R6 through the objective lens system 510, 520 and 530respectively, from the front lens 430 (FIG. 41a ), 430′ (FIG. 41b ) or430″ (FIG. 41c ) till the creating of an image of the object at an imageplane.

Rays R1 to R6 enter the lens assembly at angles α1 (alpha 1) to α6(alpha 6), respectively, for example, essentially equal to the followingangles: α1=0°, α2=45°, α3=60°, α4=75° and α5=84°. The correspondingincident angles (the angles between the light rays which have passed themicro-lenses of the sensor and the optical axis of the system) are β1(beta 1)-β6 (beta 6). According to some embodiments, the chief incidentangle (for example the incident angles forming by rays R6 in FIGS. 41Athrough 41C) is larger than 20°, larger than 25°, larger than 30° orbetween about 20-40°. The lens system, according to some embodiments ofthe specification provides minimal peripheral distortion (for example,less than 80%).

The optical system assembly 39132, 3932 may be assembled by a methodcomprising the steps of:

Optionally, cementing the rear doublet of lenses 433-434 (433′-434′);

and:

Assembling in the barrel the front lenses 430 (430′);

Assembling lens 431 (431′) in the barrel;

Assembling lens 432 (432′) in the barrel; and

Assembling in the barrel, the rear doublet 433-434 (433′-434′);optionally,

Note that front lens 430 (430′) may be assembled last.

In one embodiment, each of the multiple viewing elements of a tipsection of an endoscope is embodied as a separate imaging module. Theimaging modules are encapsulated together in the endoscopic tip cavity.The modules are individually sealed such that in case of failure in onemodule, only the failed module is replaced without affecting the othermodules.

In a modular design, each of the front and side-pointing image sensorsand their respective lens assemblies, together with their circuitboards, comprise individual imaging modules, which are described ingreater detail with reference to the figures below. In case of a defect,these modules can be individually replaced or repaired without affectingthe other modules. In one embodiment, all the imaging modules areadvantageously positioned relatively close to the distal end surface ofthe tip section. This is enabled by an advantageous miniaturizing of thefront and side-pointing viewing elements in modular design, which allowsfor enough internal space in the tip section for angular positioning ofthe cameras without colliding.

Further, the modular design makes use of the same space or volume forimaging modules, as used by cameras in existing designs, and does notaffect the functionality and design of other components in the tip suchas fluid channels, illuminators, etc.

Reference is now made to FIG. 42, which shows various components of amodular endoscopic tip 4200, according to one embodiment of the presentspecification. A modular tip cover or housing comprises a front tipcover 4201 and a rear tip cover 4202. A fluid channeling component ormanifold 4203 is designed to fit between the two tip covers. Both fronttip cover 4201 and rear tip cover 4202 have a plurality of front andside openings, such as side optical windows 4204, for the purpose ofcovering, protecting and sealing the viewing elements and theilluminators within the tip.

The modular endoscopic tip 4200 also has a partially enclosed housing orassembly holder 4205 in which an assembly of flexible LED carriersubstrate 4210 and imaging module (that in one embodiment is supportedor positioned on a flexible optical carrier substrate, such as substrate770 of FIG. 24A through 24C) 4206 together with their electrical cable4207 is placed. The partially enclosed housing or assembly holder 4205has appropriate slots 4208 to fit in the flexible optical carriersubstrate or imaging module 4206. It also has a protrusion or portion4209 for carrying or supporting the associated electrical cable. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the proximal base 4215 of the manifold4203 comprises a groove adapted to receive, align or mate with theprotrusion 4209 thereby enabling a snug fit between the manifold 4203and the partially enclosed housing or assembly holder 4205 whenassembled. The manifold 4203 and the partially enclosed housing 4205when assembled form a substantially cylindrical housing defining aninternal volume to accommodate the assembly of flexible LED carriersubstrate 4210 and imaging module 4206. In accordance with anembodiment, the internal volume (of an endoscopic tip) ranges from 2.75cm3 to 3.5 cm3.

The flexible LED carrier substrate 4210 is configured to carry themodule 4206 which comprises imaging elements as well as optics. Theflexible LED carrier substrate and optical carrier substrate—togetherreferred to as flexible electronic circuit board has been describedearlier in this specification. Particularly, as described earlier, theflexible circuit board consumes less space and leaves more volume foradditional necessary features. In one embodiment, the flexible circuitboard can be folded to allow two side imaging modules to be positionedparallel to each other. Thus, the flexibility of the board adds anotherdimension in space that can be used for components positioning.

The use of the flexible circuit board can significantly increasereliability of the electric modules connected thereto as no wires areused for components connectivity. In addition, according to someembodiments, the components assembly can be machined and automatic.

The use of the flexible circuit board assists in maneuverability ofcomponents during assembly of the modular tip 4200 and also simplifiesthe assembly process. In one embodiment, the flexible circuit board isconnected to the control unit of the endoscope via a multi-wireelectrical cable which is welded on the board in a designated location,thereby freeing additional space within the tip assembly.

FIG. 43 provides a detailed view of the partially enclosed housing orassembly holder 4300 (shown as 4205 in FIG. 42) for housing the imagingmodule 4206 of FIG. 42, which in one embodiment is positioned orsupported on a flexible optical carrier substrate. The imaging module4206 of FIG. 42 comprises a front modular camera/imaging module 4220, afirst side modular camera/imaging module 4225 and a second side modularcamera/imaging module 4230, in accordance with various embodiments.Referring to FIG. 43, holder 4300 comprises a first compartment 4307defined by a first wall 4308 and a curved base 4301 in the front, wherethe front modular camera/imaging module can be placed. The assemblyholder 4300 further comprises a second compartment 4309 defined by thefirst wall 4308, a second wall 4311 and a third wall 4302. The holder4300 also comprises a third compartment 4310 defined by the first wall4308, the second wall 4311 and a fourth wall 4303. The second and thirdcompartments 4309 and 4310 carry the first and the second side modularcameras/imaging module, respectively. A first slit 4315 is positionedbetween the third wall 4302 and second wall 4311 to receive a first sideprinted circuit board of the first side modular camera/imaging module.Similarly, a second slit 4320 is positioned between the fourth wall 4303and second wall 4311 for receiving a second side printed circuit boardof the second side modular camera/imaging module. The compartments arealso provided with circular slots or openings 4304 and 4305 to carry theoptics of the imaging modules. A rectangular strip or protrusion 4306 inthe holder is provided to carry the electrical cable and, as shown inFIG. 42, mate with a groove on the proximal base 4215 of the manifold4203. It should be appreciated that the assembly holder 4300 is designedsuch that it corresponds to the shape and size of flexible opticalcarrier substrate or modular imaging units together with the electricalcable. This can also be seen in elements 4205, 4206 and 4207 of FIG. 42as described above.

FIG. 44 illustrates a top view of the modular imaging or camera unitswhen integrated with one another, in accordance with an embodiment. Inthe present embodiment, three modular imaging or camera units areemployed, in a similar configuration as described with reference to FIG.1J. Referring to FIG. 44, among the three modular imaging or cameraunits, there is a front-pointing modular camera unit 4410 and twoside-pointing modular imaging or camera units 4420 and 4430. The twoside-pointing modular imaging or camera units 4420 and 4430 point inopposing directions. The front-pointing modular camera unit 4410comprises a front printed circuit board with integrated sensor 4401.Front-pointing modular camera unit 4410 further comprises a frontoptical element/lens holder 4402 within which the optics or opticalelements of the imaging unit are placed. The first-side pointing modularunit 4420 comprises a side printed circuit board with integrated sensor4405. It further comprises a side optical element/lens holder 4407 wherethe optics or optical elements of the imaging unit are placed. The otherside-pointing modular imaging unit 4430 also comprises a side printedcircuit board with integrated sensor 4403, together with a side opticalelement/lens holder 4404. All the modular units are supplied powerthrough the electrical cable 4406.

FIG. 45 illustrates a bottom view of the three modular imaging or cameraunits, including one front-pointing imaging or camera unit 4510 and twoside-pointing camera units 4520 and 4530. Here, the side printed circuitboards with integrated sensors 4501, 4502 are visible for both theside-pointing modular camera units 4520 and 4530. Also visible are theside optical element/lens holders 4503, 4504, and the front printedcircuit board with integrated sensor 4505 and the front opticalelement/lens holder 4506 of the front-pointing modular camera unit 4510.As can be seen from the figure, the electrical cable 4507 is connectedto the printed circuit boards 4505, 4501, and 4502 of the front-pointingas well as the side pointing imaging or camera units, respectively.

As described earlier with reference to FIG. 1J, in various embodiments,each imaging module comprises a lens assembly, an image capturing deviceand an integrated circuit board. Image capturing devices may be ChargedCoupled Devices (CCD's) or Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor(CMOS) image sensors, or other suitable devices having a light sensitivesurface usable for capturing an image. In accordance with an embodiment,the front printed circuit board with integrated sensor 4505 and the sideprinted circuit boards with integrated sensors 4501, 4502 are supportedor positioned over a flexible optical carrier substrate (such assubstrate 770 of FIG. 24A through 24C). However, in accordance withanother embodiment, the front printed circuit board with integratedsensor 4505 and the side printed circuit boards with integrated sensors4501, 4502 are all individual units.

In operation, each camera may capture images, substantiallyindependently, and the images may be displayed, substantiallysimultaneously, using one or more displays e.g. as described inPCT/IL10/000476, which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIG. 46 illustrates a perspective view of first and second side-pointingmodular imaging or camera units. While the structure of oneside-pointing modular imaging or camera unit is being describedhenceforth with reference to FIG. 46, it should be noted that thestructure and details described apply equally to both the first and thesecond side-pointing modular imaging or camera units. Referring to FIG.46, the side-pointing modular imaging or camera unit 1000 comprises anoptical element 1001 in the front. The optical element 1001 comprises aplurality of optics such as lens assemblies, lenses and protectiveglass. The optical element 1001 receives reflected light from targetobjects and is defined by a central axis 1004. The imaging or cameramodule 1000 further comprises a sensor such as a Charge Coupled Device(CCD) or a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor(for detecting the reflected light received by the optical element 1001)and a lens/optical element holder 1002 for carrying or housing theoptics/optical elements 1001 of the imaging system. The optical elementholder comprises a substantially cylindrical housing 1002 and a baseplatform 1005 having a first surface 1006 and a second surface 1007opposing the first surface 1006, wherein the cylindrical housing 1002 isattached to the first surface 1006. In one embodiment, the image sensoris attached to the second surface 1007 and is in optical communicationwith the optical element 1001. The printed circuit board 1003 is used tosupply power to and derive images from the image sensor. In oneembodiment, the image sensor is integrated with the printed circuitboard. The printed circuit board 1003 has a planar surface 1003′ andextends outwards from the image sensor substantially perpendicular tothe central axis 1004. The optics of the image system include aplurality of lenses, static or movable, which provide a field of view ofat least 90 degrees and up to essentially 180 degrees. In oneembodiment, the lens assembly provides a focal length of about 2 to 100millimeters. Side-pointing image sensor and optics (contained in thelens holder 1002), together with integrated circuit board 1003, arejointly referred to as a “side-pointing imaging module”. Persons ofordinary skill in the art should appreciate that the first and second“side-pointing imaging modules” are identical in terms of structure,elements, field of view, resolution, light sensitivity, pixel size,focal length, focal distance and/or the like in one embodiment. When theidentical first and second side-pointing imaging modules are integratedwith one another, as shown in FIGS. 48 and 49, the central axes 1004 ofthe first and second imaging modules are substantially parallel to oneanother.

FIG. 47 illustrates a perspective view of a front-pointing modularimaging or camera unit. Referring to FIG. 47, the front-pointing modularimaging or camera unit 1100 comprises an optical element 1101 in thefront. The optical element 1101 comprises a plurality of optics such aslens assemblies, lenses and protective glass. The optical element 1101receives reflected light from target objects and is defined by a centralaxis 1104. The imaging or camera module 1100 further comprises a sensorsuch as a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) or a Complementary Metal OxideSemiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (for detecting the reflected lightreceived by the optical element 1001) and a lens/optical element holder1102 for carrying or housing the optics/optical elements 1101 of theimaging system. The optical element holder comprises a substantiallycylindrical housing 1102 and a base platform 1105 having a first surface1106 and a second surface 1107 opposing the first surface 1106, whereinthe cylindrical housing 1102 is attached to the first surface 1106. Inone embodiment, the image sensor is attached to the second surface 1107and is in optical communication with the optical element 1101. Theprinted circuit board 1103 is used to supply power to and derive imagesfrom the image sensor. The printed circuit board 1103 has a planarsurface 1103′ positioned in parallel to the central axis 1104. Aconnector 1110 connects the image sensor with the printed circuit board1103 thereby placing the image sensor in data communication with theprinted circuit board 1103. In one embodiment, the connector 1110 is aflat, planar structure comprising a rectangular first part 1115 having afirst width ‘w’ and a first length ‘1’ separating a first end 1112 and asecond end 1114 and a rectangular second part 1120 having a secondlength ‘L’ and a second width ‘W’ defining a first side 1116 and asecond side 1118, wherein the first width ‘w’ is less than the secondwidth ‘W’ and the first length ‘1’ is longer than the second length ‘L’.As can be seen in FIG. 47, the first end 1112 is connected to the imagesensor and the second end 1114 is connected to the second part 1120which is substantially perpendicular to the printed circuit board 1103.The first side 1116 is attached to the printed circuit board 1103.

The optics of the image system may include a plurality of lenses, staticor movable, which may provide a field of view of at least 90 degrees andup to essentially 180 degrees. In one embodiment, the lens assemblyprovides a focal length of about 3 to 100 millimeters. Front-pointingimage sensor and optics (contained in the lens holder 1102), togetherwith integrated circuit board 1103, are jointly referred to as a“front-pointing imaging module”.

It should be noted that the front and side-pointing image sensors may besimilar or identical in terms of, for example, field of view,resolution, light sensitivity, pixel size, focal length, focal distanceand/or the like. When the front and two side pointing imaging modulesare integrated with one another, as shown in FIGS. 48 and 49, thecentral axes 1004 of the two side pointing imaging modules aresubstantially perpendicular to the central axis 1104 of the frontpointing imaging module.

FIG. 48 illustrates the modular nature of the various elements in theendoscopic tip, according to one embodiment of the presentspecification. Referring to FIG. 48, front-pointing imaging or cameramodule 1201 (the orientation of which is defined by the central axis1104), side-pointing imaging or camera modules 1202 and 1203 (theorientations of which are defined by the respective central axes 1004),and the electric cable 1204 are all individual units. These units can behoused in the endoscopic tip using the partially enclosed housing ormodular assembly holder 1205. The assembly holder 1205 allows all themodular units to function together and yet be separate, such that eachunit can be individually removed from the assembly.

Similarly, modular units can be individually installed into the tipassembly. This allows individual units to be repaired or replacedwithout affecting the other parts in the endoscopic tip. For example,malfunctioning of any one imaging module does not ruin or adverselyimpact the remaining functioning imaging modules.

FIG. 49 illustrates the front-pointing imaging or camera module 1301assembled with the side-pointing imaging or camera modules 1302 and1303. The front, first side and second side printed circuit boards 1304,1308 and 1310 of all the imaging modules are positioned adjacent to, andin parallel with, each other. The printed circuit boards 1304, 1308 and1310 are coupled to each other, in accordance with an embodiment, andconnected with the electrical cable 1305. FIG. 49 also shows thepartially enclosed housing or assembly holder 1306 which has the firstcompartment 4901 defined by the first wall 4904 and the curved base4908, the second compartment 4902 defined by the second wall 4905 andthe third wall 4906, and the third compartment 4903 defined by thesecond wall 4905 and the fourth wall 4907. Each of the threecompartments 4901, 4902 and 4903 respectively hold each imaging module1301, 1303 and 1302. A first slit 4910 is positioned between the thirdwall 4906 and second wall 4905 to receive the first side printed circuitboard of the first side modular camera/imaging module. Similarly, asecond slit 4915 is positioned between the fourth wall 4907 and secondwall 4905 for receiving a second side printed circuit board of thesecond side modular camera/imaging module. When assembled, the firstpart 4920 of the connector 4925 of the front printed circuit board 1304is positioned atop the third compartment 4903 and is perpendicular tothe first wall 4904 and fourth wall 4907. The three compartments enablethe imaging modules to be encapsulated from each other, and thereforeremoval of one imaging module does not damage or affect the othermodules.

FIG. 50 illustrates a perspective view of the assembled components,wherein the partially enclosed housing, curved member or modularassembly holder 1401 carries the modular imaging or camera units 1402and the electrical cable 1403.

FIG. 51 illustrates another embodiment of the modular endoscopic tip.Referring to FIG. 51, the endoscope tip comprises a front tip cover 1501and a rear tip cover 1502. A fluid channeling component or manifold 1503is designed to fit between the two tip covers.

In this embodiment, a mechanism for coupling the modular imaging orcamera units is integrated with the imaging units themselves. Thismechanism, referred to as image modular holder 1504 is used to connectthe modular imaging or camera units 1505. The overall structure(comprising all three modular camera units) is then supported by apartially enclosed housing, curved member, frame or assembly holder1506, also known as the modular supporter frame.

FIG. 54 illustrates a detailed view of the modular holder 1801. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the substrate of the modular holder 1801is flexible so that it can be folded to form the holder 1801 shown inthe figure. The modular holder 1801 comprises a base platform 1810, afirst connector structure 1815 positioned substantially perpendicular tothe base platform 1810, a second connector structure 1820 positionedsubstantially perpendicular to the base platform 1810 and substantiallyperpendicular to the first connector structure 1815, and a thirdconnector structure 1825 positioned substantially perpendicular to thebase platform 1810, substantially perpendicular to the first connectorstructure 1815 and substantially parallel to the second connectorstructure 1820. The first, second and third connector structures 1815,1820 and 1825, respectively, have a plurality of first, second and thirdconnection elements 1802. In one embodiment the plurality of first,second and third connection elements 1802 comprise recesses into which acorresponding plurality of connection structures or connectors ofimaging or camera units are received or adapted/designed to fit. Theseconnectors are shown and described further with reference to FIGS. 52,53A and 53B. The recesses 1802 that correspond to the imaging moduleconnectors allow the modules to be physically coupled to each other andto the endoscope tip. Further, the recesses 1802 also enable the flow ofpower and data between the endoscope and the imaging modules. Modularholder 1801 also has a portion 1803 for carrying the associatedelectrical cable. Persons of ordinary skill in the art should appreciatethat while the modular holder 1801 has been described with reference tothree connector structures corresponding to three imaging or cameraunits, in alternate embodiments the modular holder 1801 comprises onlytwo connector structures (the first connector structure 1815 and any oneof the second or third connector structures 1820 or 1825) correspondingto two imaging or camera units. In yet further alternate embodiments,the modular holder 1801 comprises only one connector structure 1815corresponding to one imaging or camera unit.

FIG. 52 illustrates a detailed view of the coupling mechanism and themodular holder 1606. Referring to FIG. 52, the lens/optical elementholders 1601, 1602 and 1603 of each modular imaging or camera unit areprovided with a plurality of protruding connection structures orconnectors 1604 that are adapted to attach or fit into correspondingrecesses or slots 1605 (of the first, second and third connectorstructures 1815, 1820 and 1825 of FIG. 54) in the modular holder 1606.In one embodiment, the plurality of connection structures or connectors1604 comprises pins. Once connected using the plurality of connectionstructures or connectors 1604, the modular imaging or camera units areheld by the partially enclosed housing, curved member, supporter frameor assembly holder 1607. In one embodiment, the electric cable isconnected to modular holder 1606 in the far end relative to lens/opticalelement holder 1601. It should be noted that the front lens/opticalelement holder 1601 corresponds to the “front-pointing imaging module”of FIG. 47 (in terms of optics, image sensor and optical element holderstructure), while the first and second side lens/optical element holders1602, 1603 correspond to the “side-pointing imaging module” of FIG. 46(in terms of optics, image sensor and optical element holder structure).

Referring now to FIGS. 52 and 54, in various embodiments, the firstconnector structure 1815 comprises a first printed circuit boardcorresponding to the image sensor of the supported “front-pointingimaging module”, the second connector structure 1820 comprises a secondprinted circuit board corresponding to the image sensor of the supportedfirst “side-pointing imaging module” while the third connector structure1825 comprises a third printed circuit board corresponding to the imagesensor of the supported second “side-pointing imaging module”. Each ofthe first, second and third printed circuit boards process data fromcorresponding image sensors and communicate through the plurality ofconnection structures, connectors or pins 1604 and the first, second andthird connection elements or recesses 1605.

In one embodiment, the modular holder 1606 comprises at least oneprinted circuit board for processing data from at least one image sensorof at least one of the “front-pointing imaging module”, first or second“side-pointing imaging module”. The at least one printed circuit boardprocesses data from the corresponding at least one image sensor andcommunicates through the plurality of associated connection structures,connectors or pins 1604.

FIGS. 53A and 53B provide perspective views of the connecting mechanismbetween the imaging modules. Referring to both the figures, the modularholder 1701 has a plurality of first, second and third connectionelements, slots or recesses 1702 on the first, second and thirdconnector structures 1703, 1704, and 1705 where a correspondingplurality of connection structures, connectors or pins 1706 of the threelens/optical element holders 1707, 1708 and 1709 can attach or fit in.

A person of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that theconnector mechanism as shown in FIGS. 52 and 53A, 53B further simplifiesthe process of assembling or removing an individual imaging module fromthe endoscope tip.

It may be noted that in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 42 through 50, thecomponents can be assembled by soldering the flexible printed circuitboards of imaging modules at the rear part of the tip and connectingthem with the electrical cable. Another embodiment is shown in FIGS. 51through 54, wherein connectors are provided to connect between theflexible PCBs of imaging modules.

In one embodiment (not shown), each imaging module is connected througha different cable to ease the replacement of each imaging module.

In one embodiment, the imaging modules are a part of removable tip. Inthis case, an endoscope comprises an elongated shaft terminating with atip section, wherein said tip section comprises a permanent sectionconnected to the elongated shaft and a removable section securelyconnectable to the permanent section. The removable section comprisesimaging modules and at least one light source.

It should be appreciated that the main idea is to use the same space andvolume for modular units, as used by the viewing elements in existingtip configurations. The modular design does not affect the design orfunctioning of other components in the tip, such as fluid channels orilluminators.

Reference is now made to FIG. 55A, which schematically depicts anisometric view of a tip section of an endoscope (including an electroniccircuit board carrying cameras and illumination sources, and a fluidchanneling component), having a multi-component tip cover (shown in anexploded view), according to an exemplary embodiment of the currentspecification and to FIG. 55B, which schematically depicts an isometricview of the tip section of FIG. 55A, having an assembled multi-componenttip cover, according to some exemplary embodiments of the currentspecification.

Tip section 5500 generally includes an inner part 5510 which includeselectronics (such as cameras, a circuit board such as electronic circuitboard 400, illumination sources, such as LEDs etc.), fluid channels(such as fluid channeling component 600) and a multi-element tip cover300. Multi-element tip cover 300 is designed to fit over the inner partsof the tip section 5500, and to provide protection to the internalcomponents in the inner part. Multi-element tip cover 300 includes,according to this embodiment, three parts: a front component 710configured to cover a front part of the tip section; a right sidecomponent 730 configured to cover a right side part of the tip section;and a left side component 5550 configured to cover a left side part ofthe tip section, wherein the front, right side and left side componentsare configured to abut each other to cover the tip section, in such waythat they cover essentially all inner parts of the tip section.

Front component 710 includes hole, transparent surface, window oropening 736 configured to align with (and accommodate) front opticallens assembly 236 of forward looking camera 116; optical windows 242 a,242 b and 242 c of LEDs 240 a, 240 b and 240 c; distal opening 340 of aworking channel; distal opening 344 of a jet fluid channel 644; andirrigation and insufflation (I/I) injector 346 having a nozzle 348(aligning with opening 664 of fluid channeling component 600).

Left side component 5550 includes hole, transparent surface, window, oropening 756 b configured to align with (and accommodate) side opticallens assembly 256 b of side looking cameras 220 b; optical windows 252 aand 252 b of LEDs 250 a and 250 b on both sides of optical lens assembly256 b; side I/I injector 266 b adapted to align with side I/I opening666 b of fluid component 600. Also seen in FIGS. 55A and 55B are nozzles267 b and a for side I/I injector 266 b and a side I/I injector on theopposite side, respectively.

Right side component 730 includes similar elements as left sidecomponent 5550.

Left side component 5550 and right side component 730 are each in ashape of essentially half a cylinder (without top and bottom).

Front component 710 has essentially a cup shape having two opposing arms712 and 714 extending perpendicularly to the cup bottom (which may alsobe referred to as the cup's front face) and protruding from the cupedges. Upon assembling of the tip cover components, front component 710may be installed first, and then the side components such that theirlong edges meet each other on both sides over arms 712 and 714 to assuresealing (FIG. 55B). Adhesives, such as glue, may be added, for example,in cavities 716 (along the external parts of the edges of component710), 718 (along the internal edges of component 730) and 5520 (alongthe internal edges of component 5550) to allow complete sealing of tipsection 5500.

Multi-element tip covers according to embodiments of the specification,such as multi-element tip cover 300 or any other multi-element tip coveras disclosed herein, solve a significant problem that exists in the artwhen attempts are made to pack all necessary components into the smallinner volume of an endoscope tip and to cover and seal these components.Regular cup shaped tip covers are used for standard tips having just onefront camera. However, when standard cup shaped tip covers are used tocover the multi-camera tip, protruding inner tip elements, such aslenses or other parts of the side optical lens assemblies, are oftendamaged during the sliding of the cover over them. Using a multi-elementtip cover may solve this problem. In addition, a multi-element tip coverassists in aiming its holes/openings/windows exactly at their rightplace over the corresponding tip inner elements. This is almostimpossible using a unitary piece cover. Moreover, separately sealingeach one of the elements of the multi-element tip cover improves theoverall sealing of the tip due to better access to each element (forexample an optical window) compared to the limited access of the sameelement in a unitary piece cover, such as a cup shaped cover. Separatelysealing (and optionally checking for satisfactory sealing) of each oneof the elements of the multi-element tip cover may be performed prior toassembling of the cover. This may also improve the sealing of the tip.

Tip section 5500 may include front optical lens assembly 236 of forwardlooking camera 116. An optical axis of forward looking camera 116 issubstantially directed along the long dimension of the endoscope.However, since forward looking camera 116 is typically a wide anglecamera, its FOV may include viewing directions at large angles to itsoptical axis. It should be noted that number of illumination sourcessuch as LEDs used for illumination of the FOV may vary (for example, 1-5LEDs may be used on a front face of tip section 5500). Distal opening340 of a working channel is also located on the front face of tipsection 5500, such that a surgical tool inserted through working channeltube, and through the working channel in the endoscope's tip section5500 and deployed beyond the front face may be viewed by forward lookingcamera 116.

Distal opening 344 of a jet fluid channel is also located on the frontface of tip section 5500. Distal opening 344 of a jet fluid channel maybe used for providing a high pressure jet of fluid, such as water orsaline, for cleaning the walls of the body cavity.

Also located on the front face of tip section 5500 is an irrigation andinsufflation (I/I) injector 346 having a nozzle 348 aimed at frontoptical lens assembly 236. I/I injector 346 may be used for injectingfluid (liquid and/or gas) to wash contaminants such as blood, feces andother debris from front optical lens assembly 236 of forward lookingcamera. Optionally, the same injector is used for cleaning front lensoptical assembly 236 and one, two or all of optical windows 242 a, 242 band 242 c. I/I injector 346 may be fed by fluid such as water and/or gaswhich may be used for cleaning and/or inflating a body cavity.

Visible on a left side of tip section 5500 is the side camera (sidelooking camera) element 256 b of side looking camera 220 b and opticalwindows 252 a and 252 b of LEDs 250 a and 250 b for camera 220 b. Asecond side looking camera is positioned on the right side of the tipsection 5500 and can be similar to camera 220 b. An optical axis of theright side looking camera is substantially directed perpendicular to thelong dimension of the endoscope. An optical axis of left side lookingcamera 220 b is substantially directed perpendicular to the longdimension of the endoscope. However, since the right side looking cameraand left side looking camera 220 b re typically wide angle cameras,their fields of view may include viewing directions at large angles totheir optical axes.

Side I/I injector 266 b having a nozzle 267 b aimed at side optical lensassembly 256 b may be used for injecting fluid to wash contaminants suchas blood, feces and other debris from side optical lens assembly 256 bof side looking camera. The fluid may include gas which may be used forinflating a body cavity. Optionally, the same injector is used forcleaning both side optical lens assembly 256 b and optical windows 252 aand/or 252 b. It is noted that according to some embodiments, the tipmay include more than one window and LEDs, on the side and more than onewindow and LEDs in the front (for example, 1-5 windows and two LEDs onthe side). Similar configurations of I/I injector and nozzle exists forcleaning right side optical lens assembly and optical windows located onthe other side of tip 5500. The I/I injectors are configured to cleanall or a part of these windows/LEDs. I/I injectors 346 and 266 b may befed from same channel.

It is noted that the side wall 362 has a form of an essentially flatsurface which assists in directing the cleaning fluid injected from leftside I/I injector 266 b towards side optical lens assembly 256 b andoptical windows 252 a and/or 252 b. A right side wall on the other sideof the cover is also essentially flat. Lack of such a flat surface mayresult in dripping of the cleaning fluid along the curved surface of tipsection 5500 of the endoscope without performing the desired cleaningaction.

It should be noted that while only one side looking camera is seen inFIGS. 55A and 55B, preferably at least two side looking cameras may belocated within tip section 5500. When two side looking cameras are used,the side looking cameras are preferably installed such that their fieldof views are substantially opposing. However, different configurationsand numbers of side looking cameras are possible within the generalscope of the current specification.

According to some embodiments, the circuit board used for carryingelectronic components such as cameras and/or LEDs may be a flexiblecircuit board that may consume less space and leaves more volume foradditional necessary features. The flexibility of the board adds anotherdimension in space that can be used for components positioning.

The use of a flexible circuit board according to embodiments of thespecification can significantly increase reliability of the electricmodules connection thereto as no wires are for components connectivity.In addition, according to some embodiments, the components assembly canbe machined and automatic.

The use of a flexible circuit board according to embodiments of thespecification, may also allow components (parts) movement andmaneuverability during assembly of the camera head (tip of theendoscope) while maintaining a high level of reliability. The use of thecircuit board according to embodiments of the specification may alsosimplify the (tip) assembling process.

According to some embodiments, a flexible circuit board may be connectedto the main control unit via a multi-wire cable. This cable may bewelded on the board in a designated location freeing additional spacewithin the tip assembly and adding flexibility to cable access.Assembling the multi-wire cable directly to the electrical componentswas a major challenge which is mitigated by the use of the flexibleboard according to embodiments of the specification.

Reference is now made to FIG. 56, which schematically depicts anisometric view of a tip section of an endoscope (including an electroniccircuit board carrying cameras and illumination sources, and a fluidchanneling component), having a multi component tip cover (shown in anexploded view), according to an exemplary embodiment of the currentspecification. Tip section 200 generally includes an inner part 5610which may be similar to inner part 5510 of tip section 5500 of FIGS.55A, 55B and a multi-element tip cover 300. Multi-element tip cover 300is designed to fit over the inner parts of the tip section 200, and toprovide protection to the internal components in the inner part.Multi-element tip cover 300 includes, according to this embodiment, amain component 830, configured to cover the majority of the tip section,and a removable window component 850 configured to cover a windowopening 860 located on main component 830, such that removable windowcomponent 850 is configured to allow access to an inner part 5610 of tipsection 200 without removing main component 830. This may allow fixingor replacing one of the components of inner part 5610 (such as a LED, anoptical element or any other element) without removing main component830 and damaging the packing and sealing of tip section 200.

Main component 830 has essentially a cup shape having a front face partconfigured to cover the front face of tip section 200 and cup edgesconfigured to cover the side surface of tip section 200.

Main component 830 may further include front and side holes, openings,windows and surfaces similar to those of multi-component cover 300 ofFIGS. 55A, 55B.

Reference is now made to FIG. 57, which schematically depicts anexploded view of a multi-component tip cover, according to an exemplaryembodiment of the current specification. Multi-element tip cover 5700 isdesigned to fit over the inner part of a tip section and to provideprotection to the internal components in the inner part. Multi-elementtip cover 5700 includes, according to this embodiment, a front-sidecomponent 5730 configured to cover a front part and a side part of thetip section and a side component 5750 configured to cover another sidepart of the tip section, wherein front-side component 5730 and sidecomponent 5750 are configured to abut to cover the tip section.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 58A through 58C. FIG. 58A schematicallydepicts an isometric view of a tip section of an endoscope (including anelectronic circuit board carrying cameras and illumination sources, anelectronic circuit board holder, a fluid channeling component), having amulti-component tip cover (shown in an exploded view), according to anexemplary embodiment of the current specification. FIG. 58Bschematically depicts an isometric view of the tip section of FIG. 58A,having a multi-component tip cover (partially in an exploded view),according to an exemplary embodiment of the current specification. FIG.58C schematically depicts an assembled isometric view of the tip sectionof FIGS. 58A and 58B having a multi-component tip cover, according to anexemplary embodiment of the current specification.

Tip section 5800 generally includes an inner part 5810 which includeselectronics (such as cameras, circuit board, LEDs etc.), fluid channels(such as fluid channeling component 1600) and a multi-element tip cover1010. Multi-element tip cover 1010 is designed to fit over the innerparts of the tip section 5800, and to provide protection to the internalcomponents in the inner part. In various embodiments, the tip section5800 comprises three parts/portions: a distal/front part 5802, aproximal part 1104 and a rear part 5805. Multi-element tip cover 1010includes, according to this embodiment, two parts: a distal component1050 configured to cover a distal/front part 5802 of the tip section5800 and a proximal component 1030 configured to cover a proximal part1104 of the tip section, wherein the distal component and the proximalcomponent are configured to abut to cover the tip section 5800. Distalcomponent 1050 has a shape of a cylinder having a side wall 1052 and afront face 1054, wherein front face 1054 is configured to cover a frontpart 5802 of inner part 5810 of tip section 5800 and proximal component1030 has a shape of a cylinder having a side wall 1032 without a top ora bottom, configured to cover a proximal part 1104 of inner part 5810 oftip section 5800. In accordance with an embodiment, the proximalcomponent 1030 of the tip cover 1010 does not cover a rear part 5805 ofthe tip section 5800, but only the proximal part 1104. This enablesconnection between a bending section of the endoscope and the tipsection 5800 to be on the rear part 5805 thereby effectively reducingthe non-flexible portion of the bending section.

Distal component 1050 includes on front face 1054 thereof hole,transparent surface, window or opening 1056 configured to align withfront optical lens assembly 1236 of forward looking camera 1116; opticalwindows 1242 a, 1242 b and 1242 c of LEDs 1240 a, 1240 b and 1240 c;distal opening 1340 of a working channel; distal opening 1344 of a jetfluid channel 1644; and I/I injector 1346 (aligning with opening 1664 offluid channeling component 1600).

Distal component 1050 further includes on side wall 1052 thereof opticalwindows 1252 a of LED 1250 a and on an opposing side of side wall 1052another optical window of another LED.

Distal component 1050 further includes on the edge of side wall 1052thereof a recess 1756′ (essentially in a shape of half a hole)configured to accommodate (along with a recess 1756″ on the edge of sidewall 1032 of proximal component 1030) optical lens assembly 1256 b ofside looking camera 1220 b. On an opposing side of side wall 1052 theremay be a similar recess to accommodate (along with another recess on theedge of side wall 1032 of proximal component 1030) an optical lensassembly of a side looking camera located on the other side of innerpart 5810.

Proximal component 1030 includes on side wall 1032 thereof opticalwindows 1252 b of LED 1250 b and on an opposing side of side wall 1032another optical window 1252 a of another LED.

Proximal component 1030 further includes on the edge of side wall 1032thereof a recess 1756″ (essentially in a shape of half a hole)configured to accommodate (along with recess 1756′ on the edge of sidewall 1052 of distal component 1050) optical lens assembly 1256 b of sidelooking cameras 220 b. On an opposing side of side wall 1032 there is asimilar recess 1756 a″ to accommodate (along with another recess on theedge of side wall 1032 of proximal component 1050) an optical assemblyof a side looking camera located on the other side of inner part 5810.

Proximal component 1030 further includes side I/I injector 1266 badapted to align with side I/I opening 1666 b.

Other parts of inner part 5810 of tip section 5800 may generally besimilar to inner part 5810 of tip section 100 of FIGS. 55A, 55B.

The method of assembling tip section 5800 over inner part 5810 includesassembling distal component 1050 from the distal/front part 5802 of tipsection 5800, assembling proximal component 1030 from the proximal part1104 of tip section 5800 and joining distal component 1050 and proximalcomponent 1030 along their edges (line 1500) such that none of the tipcover components slides over the optical lens assemblies of the sidelooking cameras.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2A along with FIGS. 59A and 59B which showa perspective view of a tip section 200 of an endoscope assembly 100according to an embodiment.

Tip cover 300 may be configured to fit over the inner parts of the tipsection 200 including electronic circuit board assembly 400 and fluidchanneling component 600 and to provide protection to the internalcomponents in the inner parts.

Tip cover 300 may include a front panel 320 having a transparentsurface, window, or opening for front optical lens assembly 256, offront looking camera or viewing element 116. Front optical lens assembly256 may include a plurality of lenses, static or movable, which mayprovide a field of view of 90 degrees or more, 120 degrees or more or upto essentially 180 degrees. Front optical lens assembly 256 may providea focal length in the range of about 3 to 100 millimeters.

An optical axis of front looking camera or viewing element 116 may beessentially directed along the long dimension of the endoscope. However,since front looking camera or viewing element 116 is typically a wideangle camera, its field of view may include viewing directions at largeangles to its optical axis. Additionally, front panel 320 may includeoptical windows 242 a, 242 b and 242 c of illuminators 240 a, 240 b and240 c, respectively. It should be noted that number of illuminationsources used for illumination of the field of view may vary.

In addition, front panel 320 may include a working channel opening 340of a working channel 640, which is further discussed below. In alternateembodiments, the front panel may include more than one working channelopening.

Jet channel opening 344 of jet channel 644 may also be located on frontpanel 320 of tip cover 300. Jet channel 644 may be configured forproviding a high-pressure jet of fluid, such as water or saline, forcleaning the walls of the body cavity.

Also located on front panel 320 of tip cover 300 is injector opening 346of injector channel 646 having a nozzle 348 aimed at front optical lensassembly 256. Injector channel 646 may be configured for injecting fluid(liquid and/or gas) to wash contaminants such as blood, feces and otherdebris from a surface of front optical lens assembly 256 of frontlooking camera or viewing element 116. Optionally, injector channel 646may be configured for cleaning front optical lens assembly 256 and one,two or all of optical windows 242 a, 242 b and 242 c. Injector channel646 may be fed by fluid, such as water and/or gas, which may be used forcleaning and/or inflating a body cavity.

Visible on the sidewall 362 of tip cover 300 is side optical lensassembly 256 b for side looking camera or viewing element 116 b, whichmay be similar to front optical lens assembly 256 and optical windows252 a and 252 b of illuminators 250 a and 250 b for side looking cameraor viewing element 116 b. Also on the sidewall 362 of tip cover 300, onthe opposing side to side optical lens assembly 256 b, is an opticallens assembly for another side looking camera, which may be similar toside optical lens assembly 256 b and optical windows 252 a and 252 b ofilluminators 250 a and 250 b for side looking camera or viewing element116 b. The side optical lens assembly 256 b may provide a focal lengthin the range of about 3 to 100 millimeters.

An optical axis of the first side viewing element 116 b may beessentially directed perpendicular to the long dimension of theendoscope. An optical axis of the second side viewing element may beessentially directed perpendicular to the long dimension of theendoscope. However, since each side viewing element typically comprisesa wide angle camera, its field of view may include viewing directions atlarge angles to its optical axis. In accordance with some embodiments,each side viewing element has a field of view of 90 degrees or more, 120degrees or more or up to essentially 180 degrees.

In various embodiments, a maximum volume of an endoscopic tip comprisingthe optical lens assemblies, such as lens assemblies 256, 256 b, is lessthan 3.12 cm³. In accordance with one embodiment, the optical lensassemblies of the present specification do not include any asphericalcomponents, as such components that would lead to an increase inmanufacturing cost of the optical lens assemblies. Also, in variousembodiments, each of the optical lens assemblies has a focal length ofapproximately 1.2 mm.

In an embodiment, the maximum volume of an endoscopic tip containing anoptical lens assembly within is 3.12 cm³, which may be obtained by usingthe equation: h*pi*r2; where h and r represent a length and a radius ofthe endoscope tip respectively. In an embodiment where h is less than 2cm and the diameter of the endoscope is less than 1.41 cm, the volume ofthe endoscope tip may be obtained as:2 cm*(1.41 cm/2)2*pi=less than 3.12 cm³

In accordance with one embodiment, the maximum volume of an endoscopictip ranges from 2.75 cm³ to 3.5 cm³.

Also visible is the side service channel opening 350 of side servicechannel 650.

In addition, side injector opening 266 of side injector channel 666 maybe located at distal end of sidewall 362. A nozzle cover 267 may beconfigured to fit side injector opening 266. Additionally, nozzle cover267 may include a nozzle 268 which may be aimed at side optical lensassembly 256 b and configured for injecting fluid to wash contaminantssuch as blood, feces and other debris from a surface of side opticallens assembly 256 b of side looking camera or viewing element 116 b. Thefluid may include gas which may be used for inflating a body cavity.Optionally, nozzle 268 may be configured for cleaning both side opticallens assembly 256 b and optical windows 252 a and/or 252 b.

According to some embodiments, side injector channel 666 may beconfigured to supply fluids for cleaning any of the tip elements (suchas any optical assembly, optical lens assembly, windows, illuminators,and other elements).

Optionally, injector channel 646 and side injector channel 666 may befed from the same channel.

It is noted that according to some embodiments, although tip section 200is presented herein showing one side thereof, the opposing side mayinclude elements similar to the side elements described herein (forexample, side looking camera, side optical lens assembly, injector(s),nozzle(s), illuminator(s), window(s), opening(s) and other elements).

In an embodiment, each viewing element provides a field of view (FOV) of120 degrees or more, and the depth of field ranges from 3 to 100 mm. Inan embodiment, a peripheral distortion caused in the optical assembliesof the endoscope is about 80% without reliance on any asphericalcomponents, while the maximum focal length is approximately 1.2 mm or ina range of 1 to 1.4 mm.

Sidewall 362 may have a form of an essentially flat surface whichassists in directing the cleaning fluid injected from injector channel666 towards side optical lens assembly 256 b and optical windows 252 aand/or 252 b. Lack of such a flat surface may result in dripping of thecleaning fluid along the curved surface of tip section 200 of theendoscope without performing the desired cleaning action.

In accordance with an embodiment, the sidewall 362 is located in anotch/depression in the tip cover 300. This way, side injector opening266 and corresponding side nozzle 268 may be elevated from the depressedsidewall 362 but still not significantly protrude from the level ofcylindrical surface of the tip cover 300. According to an aspect of oneembodiment, as shown in FIG. 59C, the sidewall 362 is located in asufficiently well-defined or deep notch/depression 5963 in the tip cover300 such that the lens assembly of side optical lens assembly 256 bstays sufficiently embedded in the notch/depression 363 and well belowthe level 5900 of the cylindrical surface of the tip cover 300. Thenotch/depression 5963 protects the sidewall 362 and components thereof(side optical lens assembly 256 b, side illuminators 250 a, 250 b andside nozzle 268) from both longitudinal and latitudinal mechanicalshocks.

It is noted that according to some embodiments, tip section 200 mayinclude more than one side looking camera. In this case, the sidelooking cameras may be installed such that their fields of view aresubstantially opposing. However, different configurations and number ofside looking cameras are possible within the general scope of thecurrent specification.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2A along with FIGS. 60A, 60B, which show aperspective view of a tip section 200 of an endoscope assembly 100 witha medical tool inserted through a side service channel thereof,according to some embodiments.

FIG. 60A shows tip section 200 of endoscope assembly 100, having sideservice channel 650 a through which medical tool 360 a is threaded andexits from side service channel opening 350 a at essentially a right (90degree) angle.

FIG. 60B shows tip section 200 of endoscope assembly 100, having sideservice channel 650 b through which medical tool 360 b is threaded andexits from side service channel opening 350 b at an obtuse angle.

FIG. 61A shows tip section 200 of an endoscope assembly comprising twoindependent side service channel openings, a first side service channelopening 805 a and a second side service channel opening (not visible, asthis is on the opposite side of the tip)—one on each side of the tip, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification. The fluidchanneling component comprising the side service channel openings hasbeen described earlier with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B.

Referring now to FIGS. 2A and 61A simultaneously, tip cover 300 includesa front panel 320 having a transparent surface, window, or opening forfront optical lens assembly 256, of front looking camera or viewingelement 116, along with optical windows 242 a, 242 b and 242 c ofilluminators 240 a, 240 b and 240 c, respectively. In one embodiment,the optical axis of the front looking camera or viewing element 116 isessentially directed along the central longitudinal axis 6103 that runsthrough the long dimension of the tip of the endoscope. The front panel320 includes a working channel opening 340 of a working channel 640 andjet channel opening 344 of jet channel 644. Jet channel 644 isconfigured for providing a high-pressure jet of fluid, such as water orsaline, for cleaning the walls of the body cavity. Also located on frontpanel 320 of tip cover 300 is injector opening 346 of injector channel646 having a nozzle 348 aimed at front optical lens assembly 256.Injector channel 646 is configured for injecting fluid (liquid and/orgas) to wash contaminants such as blood, feces and other debris from asurface of front optical lens assembly 256 of front looking camera orviewing element 116. Optionally, injector channel 646 may be configuredfor cleaning front optical lens assembly 256 and one, two or all ofoptical windows 242 a, 242 b and 242 c. Injector channel 646 is fed byfluid such as water and/or gas which may be used for cleaning and/orinflating a body cavity.

It should be noted that the side service channel opening 805 a and theopening on the opposite side of the tip (not visible) are advantageouslypositioned close to the side injector openings 266 on the opposingsidewalls 362 (at both sides of the tip) and towards the proximal end6101 of the tip. The sidewall 362 of tip cover 300 comprises atransparent surface, window or opening of side optical lens assembly 256a for a side looking camera or viewing element, which may be similar tofront optical lens assembly 256, and optical windows 252 a and 252 b ofilluminators for the side looking camera or viewing element. Similarly,the sidewall 362 of tip cover 300 on the opposing side to side opticallens assembly 256 a is an optical lens assembly 256 b for side lookingcamera or viewing element 116 b, which may be similar to side opticallens assembly 256 a, and optical windows 252 a and 252 b ofcorresponding illuminators for side looking camera or viewing element116 b. In one embodiment, the optical axis of one or both of the sidelooking viewing elements is essentially perpendicular to the opticalaxis (which is along the central longitudinal axis 6103 of theendoscope) of the front looking camera or viewing element 116. In oneembodiment, the optical axis of one or both of the side looking camerasor viewing element forms an obtuse angle with the optical axis of thefront camera or viewing element 116 while in an alternate embodiment theoptical axis of one or both of the side viewing elements forms an acuteangle with the optical axis of the front camera or viewing element 116.

Referring now to FIGS. 2A, 5A, 5B along with FIG. 61A, according to anaspect of the present specification, the position of the side servicechannel openings close to the side injector openings and towards theproximal end of the tip enables an increased effective functional lengthof the tip section. In one embodiment, the position of the side servicechannel openings 805 a, 805 b relative to the depth of field of 5millimeters of the side looking cameras allows for a more acute angle ofexit 820 of the distal sections 813 of the side service channels withreference to the long dimension of the tip. Acuter angles 820 aredesirable so that medical tools inserted through the side servicechannel openings protrude closer to the sidewalls of the endoscopethereby lowering the possibilities of hurting a body cavity/wall whilecoming out of the tip while at the same time facilitating smooth passagewithin the side service channels. In one embodiment, the angle of exit820 of the side service channels ranges from 5 degrees to 90 degrees andany increment therein, but preferably 45 degrees. Also, the positions ofthe side service channels allow the side looking cameras to clearlynotice the medical tools as the tools protrude from the side servicechannel openings.

With reference to FIGS. 2A and 61A, in one embodiment, the side opticallens assembly 256 a for the side looking camera or viewing element ispositioned on the circumference of the endoscope at a distance of 8 to10 millimeters, and preferably at 9 or 9.1 millimeters, from the surface320 (front panel) of the tip.

In accordance with one embodiment, relative to the side optical lensassembly 256 a, the optical windows 252 a and 252 b (of thecorresponding illuminators) are positioned in close proximity to theside optical lens assembly 256 a along a lateral plane that contains theside optical lens assembly 256 a and the optical windows 252 a, 252 bbut does not contain the front optical lens assembly 256.

In one embodiment, relative to the side optical lens assembly 256 a, theside injector opening 266 is positioned 5.8 to 7.5 millimeters, andpreferably 6.7 millimeters, from the side optical lens assembly 256 aalong the lateral plane that contains the side optical lens assembly 256a and the optical windows 252 a, 252 b but does not contain the frontoptical lens assembly 256.

In accordance with one embodiment, relative to the side optical lensassembly 256 a, the side service channel opening 805 a is positioned 9.5to 10.5 millimeters, and preferably 10.2 millimeters, from the sideoptical lens assembly 256 a. The side service channel 812 (as shown inFIG. 5B) has a diameter of about 2.8 to 3.2 millimeters, in oneembodiment.

FIG. 61B shows the tip section 200 of the endoscope assembly of FIG.61A, having side service channel 810 a through which medical tool 6120 ais threaded and exits from side service channel opening 805 a at anacute angle.

FIG. 61C shows the tip section 200 of endoscope assembly of FIG. 61A,having side service channel 810 b through which medical tool 6120 b isthreaded and exits from side service channel opening 805 b atessentially a right angle (90 degrees).

Reference is now made to FIG. 2B along with FIG. 62 which together showexploded views of a tip section 200 of an endoscope assembly 100according to an embodiment having the tip section 200 equipped with twoor more front working channels.

Tip section 200 may be turnable by way of flexible shaft which may alsobe referred to as a bending section, for example a vertebra mechanism.

Tip cover 300 may be configured to fit over the inner parts of the tipsection 200 including electronic circuit board assembly 400 and fluidchanneling component 600 and to provide protection to the internalcomponents in the inner parts.

Tip cover 300 may include a front panel 320 having a transparentsurface, window, or opening for front optical lens assembly 256 offront-pointing camera or viewing element 116 a. Front optical lensassembly 256 may include a plurality of lenses, static or movable, whichmay provide a field of view of up to essentially 180 degrees. Frontoptical lens assembly 256 may provide a focal length of up to about 100millimeters.

An optical axis of front-pointing camera or viewing element 116 a may beessentially directed along the long dimension of the endoscope. However,since front-pointing viewing element 116 a is typically a wide anglecamera, its field of view may include viewing directions at large anglesto its optical axis. Additionally, front panel 320 may include opticalwindows 242 a and 242 b of illuminators 240 a and 240 b, respectively.It should be noted that number of illumination sources used forillumination of the field of view may vary.

In addition, front panel 320 may include a working channel opening 340 aof a working channel 640 a, and a second working channel opening 340 bof a second working channel 640 b which are further discussed below.

Jet channel opening 344 of jet channel 644 may also be located on frontpanel 320 of tip cover 300. Jet channel 644 may be configured forproviding a high-pressure jet of fluid, such as water or saline, forcleaning the walls of the body cavity.

Also located on front panel 320 of tip cover 300 is injector opening 346of injector channel 646 having a nozzle 348 aimed at a surface of frontoptical lens assembly 256.

Injector channel 646 may be fed by a fluid or fluid blend, such as waterand/or gas, and configured for injecting a fluid blend (liquid and/orgas) to wash contaminants such as blood, feces and other debris from asurface of front optical lens assembly 256 of front-pointing viewingelement 116 a. In addition, the fluid blend may include gas, which maybe used for inflating a body cavity.

Optionally, injector channel 646 may be configured for cleaning at leasta surface of front optical lens assembly 256 and one or both of opticalwindows 242 a and 242 b.

A sidewall 362 a of tip cover 300 may include an optical lens assembly256 b for side-pointing camera or viewing element 116 b, which may besimilar to front optical lens assembly 256, and optical windows 252 aand 252 b of illuminators 250 a and 250 b for side-pointing viewingelement 116 b.

A sidewall 362 b of tip cover 300, which may be similar to sidewall 362a and located on the opposite side of tip cover 300, may include anoptical lens assembly 256 a for side-pointing camera or viewing element116 c, which may be similar to front optical lens assembly 256, andoptical windows 262 a and 262 b of illuminators 260 a and 260 b forside-pointing camera or viewing element 116 c.

An optical axis of side-pointing viewing elements 116 b and 116 c may beessentially directed perpendicular to the long dimension of theendoscope. However, since side-pointing viewing elements 116 b and 116 care typically wide angle cameras, their fields of view may includeviewing directions at large angles to their optical axes.

According to some embodiments, side injector channels 666 a and 666 bmay be configured to supply fluids for cleaning any of the tip elements(such as any optical assembly, windows, illuminators, and otherelements). Side injectors opening 266 a and 266 b of side injectorchannels 666 a and 666 b may be located at distal end of sidewalls 362 aand 362 b respectively. Nozzle covers 267 a and 267 b may be configuredto fit side injectors opening 266 a and 266 b.

Additionally, nozzle covers 267 a and 267 b may include nozzles 268 aand 268 b which may be aimed at side optical lens assemblies 256 b and256 a and configured for injecting a fluid or fluid blend to washcontaminants such as blood, feces and other debris from at least onesurface of side optical lens assemblies 256 b and 256 a of side-pointingviewing elements 116 b and 116 c. Optionally, nozzles 268 a and 268 bmay be configured for cleaning side optical lens assemblies 256 b and256 a and optical windows 252 a, 252 b, 262 b and/or 262 b.

Optionally, injector channel 646 and side injector channels 666 a and666 b may be fed from the same channel.

It is noted that according to some embodiments, the endoscope tip mayinclude more than one optical window and illuminator on the side andmore than one optical window and illuminator on the front.

Sidewalls 362 a and 362 b may have a form of an essentially flatsurface, which assists in directing the cleaning fluid injected frominjector channels 666 a and 666 b towards side optical lens assemblies256 b and 256 a and optical windows 252 a, 252 b, 262 a and/or 262 b.Lack of such a flat surface may result in dripping of the cleaning fluidalong the curved surface of tip section 200 of the endoscope withoutperforming the desired cleaning action.

Reference is now made to FIG. 63 which shows a perspective view of a tipsection 200 of an endoscope assembly comprising two frontworking/service channels in close proximity, according to someembodiments. Tip cover 300 may be configured to fit over the inner partsof the tip section 200 including the fluid channeling component, such asthe fluid channeling component or manifold 645 of FIG. 7, and to provideprotection to the internal components in the inner parts.

Tip cover 300 in combination with the distal end 321 (as shown in FIG.7) forms a front panel or face 320 having a transparent surface, windowor opening to front optical lens assembly 256 of a front looking viewingelement. Front optical lens assembly 256 may include a plurality oflenses, static or movable, which may provide a field of view of up toessentially 180 degrees. Front optical lens assembly 256 may provide afocal length of up to about 110 millimeters.

Additionally, front panel or face 320 may include optical windows 242 a,242 b and 242 c of three separate illuminators facing outward from theface 320 of the tip and circularly distributed around the optical lensassembly 256 of the front looking viewing element. It should be notedthat number of illumination sources used for illumination of the fieldof view may vary. Thus, in some embodiments the front panel or face 320includes two optical windows 242 a and 242 c of corresponding twoseparate illuminators such that the optical lens assembly 256 of thefront looking viewing element is positioned between the two opticalwindows and hence between the two illuminators.

In an embodiment, the optical windows 242 a, 242 b and 242 c are ovalshaped. In another embodiment, at least a portion of the optical windows242 a, 242 b and 242 c are oval shaped. The oval shape allows theinclusion of a second front service channel 340 b on the front panel320. The oval shape of the optical windows is designed to overcome theproblem of crowding due to the number of components in the front panel320 (i.e. two working/service channels 340 a, 340 b, camera, threeilluminators (LEDs), injector and a jet) and also allows the size of thetwo working/service channels 340 a, 340 b to be kept at a maximum. In anembodiment, when two working/service channels 340 a, 340 b of diameters3.8 mm and 2.8 mm respectively, are included in the front panel 320, theplacement of the circuit board assembly as far as possible from thefluid channeling component causes one of the LEDs to be placed almost onthe circumference of the front panel 320. Oval shaped optical window 242b covers the LED suitably. If a round shaped optical window is usedinstead, it would lead to a reduction in the diameters of the frontworking/service channels 340 a, 340 b.

It should be noted that while in one embodiment all three opticalwindows 242 a, 242 b and 242 c are oval shaped covering each of thecorresponding three illuminators, in an alternate embodiment only one ortwo of the optical windows may be oval. Thus, in some embodiments theface 320 comprises at least one oval shaped optical window covering atleast one of the three illuminators. In still further embodiments theface 320 comprises at least two oval shaped optical windows covering atleast two illuminators.

The working/service channel 340 a may be configured for insertion of amedical (such as a surgical) tool, for example, to remove, treat and/orextract a sample or the entirety of an object of interest found in thecolon for biopsy. Once an object of interest has been detected, theendoscope operator may desire to insert one or more medical tools andremove, treat and/or extract a sample or the entirety of the polyp forbiopsy. Therefore, it may be beneficial for the endoscope's operator tobe able to use more than one medical tool.

In an embodiment, as illustrated, front panel or face 320 also comprisesthe secondary working/service channel 340 b which may be similar toworking/service channel 340 a and may be configured for insertion of amedical tool, for example but not necessarily, in addition to themedical tool which may be inserted through working/service channel 340a. The operator may also choose from which working/service channel he orshe would like to insert the medical tool, for example, according to theposition of the polyp.

The second working/service channel 340 b may be configured to improvethe performance of the endoscope (such as, but not limited to,gastroscopes and colonoscopes). Current gastroscopes and colonoscopestypically have one service channel which opens at the front distal endof the scope. Such a front service channel is adapted for insertion of asurgical tool. The physician is required to perform all necessarymedical procedures, such as biopsy, polyp removal and other procedures,via this one channel. In an embodiment, either one or both of theworking/service channels, 340 a and 340 b, may be adapted for performingsuction during a procedure. In an embodiment, no structural changes arerequired to be made to the working/service channels 340 a and 340 b foradapting the same for performing suction.

In an embodiment, the distance between the first and secondworking/service channels 340 a and 340 b is approximately in the rangeof 0.40 mm to 0.45 mm. In one embodiment, the diameter of the firstworking/service channel 340 a is in a range of 3.6 mm to 4.0 mm and thediameter of the second working/service channel 340 b is in a range of2.6 mm to 3.0 mm. In another embodiment, the diameter of the firstworking/service channel 340 a is in a range of 3.4 mm to 4.2 mm and thediameter of the second working/service channel 340 b is in a range of2.4 mm to 3.2 mm. In an embodiment, the diameter of the firstworking/service channel 340 a is 3.8 mm while the diameter of the secondworking/service channel 340 b is 2.8 mm. In other embodiments, thediameters of the two working/service channels may be of differentdimensions. In an embodiment, the diameters of the two working/servicechannels are the same. First and second channels may be the same ordifferent in shape and size. The diameter of a working/service channelis limited by the outer diameter of the endoscope tip. In oneembodiment, the outer diameter of the endoscope tip is in a range of 7mm to 12 mm. In one embodiment, the outer diameter of the endoscope tipis 11.9 mm.

A working/second service channel, such as the second working/servicechannel 340 b, allows greater flexibility to the endoscope operator byproviding a channel for the insertion of medical tools in addition to,or instead of, the medical tools which may be inserted throughworking/service channel 340 a.

The front panel or face 320 may further comprise a jet fluid channel 344which may be configured for providing a high pressure jet of fluid, suchas, water or saline, for cleaning the walls of the body cavity (such asthe colon) and optionally for suction. The front panel 320 may furthercomprise an injector channel pathway 346, which may be used for blendingtwo fluids (like air and water) and convey the fluid blend into injectorchannel 346 which may be configured to inject the fluid blend and washcontaminants such as blood, feces and other debris from a surface offront optical lens assembly 256 of the front-pointing camera or viewingelement.

Visible on the sidewall 362 of tip cover 300 is a transparent surface,window, or opening of side optical lens assembly 256 b for a sidelooking viewing element, which may be similar to front optical lensassembly 256, and optical windows 252 a and 252 b of the sideilluminators for the side looking viewing element. In an embodiment, theoptical windows 252 a and 252 b are oval in shape. In anotherembodiment, the optical windows 252 a and 252 b may be round in shape.

In addition, side injector opening 266 of a side injector channel islocated at the proximal end of sidewall 362. It is noted that accordingto some embodiments, although tip section 200 is presented hereinshowing one side thereof, the opposing side may include elements similarto the side elements described herein (for example, side looking viewingelement, side optical lens assembly, injector(s), nozzle(s),illuminator(s), window(s), opening(s) and other elements). Sidewall 362may have a form of an essentially flat surface which assists indirecting the cleaning fluid injected from a side injector channeltoward a surface of side optical lens assembly 256 b and optical windows252 a and/or 252 b. Lack of such a flat surface may result in drippingof the cleaning fluid along the curved surface of tip section 200 of theendoscope without performing the desired cleaning action.

In various embodiments the tip section 200 defines an interior volume ina range of 2.75 cm³ to 3.5 cm³ while the front and one or two sidelooking viewing elements generate a field of view ranging from 120 to180 degrees, a depth of field ranging from 3 to 100 mm, and a peripheraldistortion of less than 80%, without reliance on any asphericalcomponents.

It is noted that according to some embodiments, tip section 200 mayinclude more than one side looking viewing element. In this case, theside looking viewing elements may be installed such that their field ofviews are substantially opposing. However, different configurations andnumbers of side looking viewing elements are possible within the generalscope of the current specification.

FIG. 64 illustrates a tip of an endoscope, in accordance with anembodiment wherein the jet opening 6426 and nozzle opening 6424 arepositioned adjacent to each other on the front panel 6412. In anotherembodiment, the jet opening 6426 and nozzle opening 6424 are positionedon either side of the working/service channel opening 6422 on the frontpanel 6412. A tip cover sheaths the endoscope tip and the componentstherein. A diameter of the endoscope tip 6400 ranges from approximately10 to 15 millimeters. In an embodiment, the diameter is approximately11.7 millimeters. A side panel 6402 is positioned on a side of theendoscope tip 6400. The side panel 6402 comprises a transparent surface,window or opening to side optical lens assembly 6404, optical windows6406, 6408, and a side nozzle 6410. The transparent surface, window, oropening to side optical lens assembly 6404 is positioned on thecircumference of the endoscope tip at a distance ranging fromapproximately 6 to 9 millimeters from the surface of the tip 6400, andin an embodiment is positioned at approximately 7.8 or 7.9 millimeters,from the surface of the tip 6400.

A front panel 6412 is positioned on a front end of the endoscope tip6400. The front panel 6412 comprises a transparent surface, window oropening to front optical lens assembly 6414, optical windows 6416, 6418,6420, a working/service channel opening 6422, a nozzle opening 6424 anda jet opening 6426. The diameter of the front working/service channelranges from approximately 2.8 to 4.8 millimeters. In one embodiment, thediameter of the front working/service channel ranges from 3.2millimeters to 4.8 mm. In another embodiment, the diameter ranges fromapproximately 4.2 to 4.8 millimeters. In one embodiment, the diameter ofthe front working/service channel is 3.2 millimeters. In anotherembodiment, the diameter of the front working/service channel is 3.8millimeters. In yet another embodiment, the diameter of the frontworking/service channel is 3.8 millimeters. In still yet anotherembodiment, the diameter of the front service channel is 4.8millimeters.

Along with FIG. 2A, reference is now made to FIGS. 65A through 65D whichshow a perspective view of a tip section 200 of a multi jet endoscopeassembly 6501 comprising a plurality of side jets, in addition to afront jet, to enable improved flushing according to an embodiment of thepresent specification.

Tip cover 300 fits over the inner parts of the tip section 200 includingelectronic circuit board assembly 400 (shown in FIG. 2A) and fluidchanneling component 600 (shown in FIG. 65D) and to provide protectionto the internal components in the inner parts. Holes 670 for pins fortip cover 300 are provided on fluid channeling component 600, as shownin FIG. 65D. Further, FIG. 65D shows a groove 6572 for an electricalcable. Tip cover 300 includes a front panel 320 having a transparentsurface, window, or opening for front optical lens assembly 256, offront looking camera 116, along with optical windows 242 a, 242 b and242 c of illuminators 240 a, 240 b and 240 c, respectively.

The front panel 320 includes a working channel opening 340 of a workingchannel 640 and jet channel opening 344 of jet channel 644. Jet channel644 is configured for providing a high-pressure jet of fluid, such aswater or saline, for cleaning the walls of the body cavity. Also locatedon front panel 320 of tip cover 300 is injector opening 346 of injectorchannel 646 having a nozzle 348 aimed at front optical lens assembly256. Injector channel 646 is configured for injecting fluid (liquidand/or gas) to wash contaminants such as blood, feces and other debrisfrom a surface of front optical lens assembly 256 of front lookingcamera or viewing element 116. Optionally, injector channel 646 may beconfigured for cleaning at least a surface of front optical lensassembly 256 and one two or all of optical windows 242 a, 242 b and 242c. Injector channel 646 is fed by fluid such as water and/or gas whichmay be used for cleaning and/or inflating a body cavity. In oneembodiment, the optical axis of the front looking camera or viewingelement 116 is essentially directed along the central longitudinal axis6503 that runs through the long dimension of the tip of the endoscope6501.

FIG. 65B shows sidewall 362 of tip cover 300 comprising a transparentsurface, window, or opening to side optical lens assembly 256 a for aside looking viewing element, which may be similar to front optical lensassembly 256, and optical windows 252 a and 252 b of illuminators forthe side looking viewing element. Also, as shown in FIG. 65C, thesidewall 362 of tip cover 300 on the opposing side to side optical lensassembly 256 a is an optical lens assembly 256 b for side lookingviewing element 116 b, and optical windows 252 a and 252 b ofcorresponding illuminators for side looking viewing element 116 b. Inone embodiment, the optical axis of one or both of the side lookingviewing elements or cameras are essentially perpendicular to the opticalaxis (which is along the central longitudinal axis 6503 of theendoscope) of the front looking viewing element 116. In one embodiment,the optical axis of one or both of the side looking viewing elementsforms an obtuse angle with the optical axis of the front viewing element116 while in an alternate embodiment, the optical axis of one or both ofthe side viewing elements forms an acute angle with the optical axis ofthe front viewing element 116.

In addition, side injector openings 266 of corresponding side injectorchannels 666 are located at respective distal ends of the opposingsidewalls 362 as shown in FIGS. 65B and 65C. Nozzle covers 267 may beconfigured to fit the corresponding side injector openings 266. Thenozzle covers include nozzles 268 that are aimed at side optical lensassemblies 256 a, 256 b and configured for injecting fluid to washcontaminants such as blood, feces and other debris from at least asurface of side optical lens assemblies 256 a, 256 b of the side lookingviewing elements. The fluid may include gas which may be used forinflating a body cavity. Optionally, nozzles 268 may be configured forcleaning the side optical lens assembly and both optical windows on theopposing sides of the tip 200.

According to some embodiments, side injector channels 666 may beconfigured to supply fluids for cleaning any of the tip elements (suchas any optical assembly, optical lens assembly, windows, illuminators,and other elements). Optionally, injector channel 646 and side injectorchannels 666 may be fed from the same channel.

As shown in FIGS. 65A through 65D, in accordance with an embodiment, twoside jet openings 605 a, 610 a, fed by a common side jet channel 6506,are provided around the side periphery at the proximal end of the tip200. Thus, the two side jet openings 605 a, 610 a which are fed bycommon side jet channel 6506 form a Y-shaped fluid conduit, described ingreater detail below. The manifold shown in FIG. 65D includes a housinghaving a partially cylindrical shape with a curved top surface, apartially curved first side and a partially curved second side, whereinmanifold housing is formed from a base portion with a first width, afirst length, and a proximal surface and an elongated portion, which isattached to the base portion, with a second width, a second length, anda distal surface, wherein the first width is greater than the secondwidth and the first length is less than the second length. A firstchannel 640 extends from the base portion through the elongated portion,wherein the first channel 640 has an entrance port positioned on saidproximal surface of the base portion and an exit port positioned on adistal surface of the elongated portion. A second channel 644 extendsfrom the base portion through the elongated portion, wherein the secondchannel 644 has an entrance port positioned on said proximal surface ofthe base portion and an exit port positioned on a distal surface of theelongated portion.

The Y-shaped fluid conduit comprises a central stem portion or commonside jet channel 6506, a first prong portion 6525, and a second prongportion 6526, wherein the central stem portion 6506 extends from anentrance port 607 on the proximal surface of the base portion throughthe base portion, wherein the first prong portion 6525 extends from anend of the central portion through the base portion to an exit port onthe partially curved first side; and wherein the second prong portion6526 extends from an end of the central portion through the base portionto an exit port on the partially curved second side. In one embodiment,the exit port extending from the first prong portion 6525 forms side jetopening 605 a while the exit port extending from the second prongportion 6526 forms side jet opening 610 a.

A third channel 646 extends from an entrance port on the proximalsurface of the base portion through to an exit port on the partiallycurved first side. A fourth channel 6516 extends from an entrance porton the proximal surface of the base portion through to an exit port onthe partially curved second side. Each of the first, second, third, andfourth channels are fluidically isolated and separated from each other.

The common side jet channel 6506 has an entry port 607 at a proximal endof the fluid channeling component 600. Similarly, two side jet openings605 b, 610 b, fed by another common side jet channel, are provided onthe opposite side of side jet openings 605 a and 610 a. In oneembodiment the two side jet openings 605 a, 605 b, 610 a, 610 b oneither side of the tip are positioned in such a way that the sideinjector openings 266 (one on both sides of the tip) are situatedbetween them. Additionally, in one embodiment, the two side jet openings605 a, 605 b, 610 a, 610 b on either side of the tip are positionedclose to the side optical lens assemblies 256 a, 256 b of the sidelooking cameras (on both sides of the tip) such that when fluid isejected from the side jet openings it is propelled at an approximately45 degree angle and past the cameras, so that a physician can see thefluid being expelled. The fluid can be water or saline.

FIG. 65E shows the multi jet endoscope assembly 6501 (of FIGS. 65Athrough 65C) being moved inside a body cavity 6501 while multiplehigh-pressure fluid jets are being expelled from the front jet opening6544 as well as the side jet openings 6505, 6510. As can be seen, theside fluid jets are being expelled at an acute angle relative to alateral plane containing a first side optical lens assembly 6556 a and asecond side optical lens assembly (not visible) and corresponding sideoptical windows but not containing front optical lens assembly 6556 ofthe front looking viewing element. The acute angle of exit enables fluidto be expelled along the direction of movement of the endoscope 6501, inaccordance with one embodiment.

The side jet openings are fed with high-pressure fluid through side jetchannels formed in the fluid channeling component 600 of FIG. 65D. Inone embodiment, each side jet opening is fed with a separatecorresponding side channel while in other embodiments the side jetopenings are fed from a common side channel. The side jet channels maybe distinct from or common to the front jet channel 6544.

In accordance with another aspect of the present specification, the sidejet channel openings 6505 and 6510 can be operated at a plurality ofpredefined algorithms such as continuous fluid stream, fluid streampulsing at different flow rates, fluid stream being expelled atdifferent timings with respect to the different side jet openings, fluidstream at different pressures or any other suitable algorithm as wouldbe evident to persons of ordinary skill in the art. Also, while in oneembodiment all side jet openings operate at one selected algorithm, inalternate embodiments each side jet opening can operate independentlyand at different operating algorithms using a distributer to control theoperation of the jets.

In accordance with an aspect of the present specification, a side jetsprinkler comprising a plurality of holes is used over at least one ofthe side jet openings 605 a, 605 b, 610 a, 610 b so as to split thefluid emanating from the underlying side jet opening(s). Referring nowto FIG. 66, a side jet sprinkler 6600 is illustrated in accordance withan embodiment of the specification. Side jet sprinkler 6600 may be anattachment or a “patch” that includes a plurality, such as two or more,of holes 6670. As an example, FIG. 66 shows the side jet sprinkler 6600placed over the side jet opening 610 a, such that holes 6670 are aligneddirectly over side jet opening 610 a. Thus, fluid exiting side jetopening 610 a may then be split to exit through holes 6670, formingmultiple jets of fluid—in a sprinkling manner. Side jet sprinkler 6600may thus enable a wider coverage of cleaning fluid around periphery ofthe tip section of the endoscope, allowing an improved cleaning functionof a body cavity.

In an embodiment, a front jet sprinkler, with a plurality of holes, maybe placed over jet channel opening 344 of front jet channel 644 (FIGS.65A through 65D). The front jet sprinkler may be configured in a similarmanner as side jet sprinkler 6600, such that it may be positioned to fitover jet channel opening 344 on front panel 320.

In an embodiment, the side jet sprinkler 6600 may be removable. It maybe placed on tip cover 300 of FIG. 2A, and later removed. In someembodiments, side jet sprinkler 6600 may be pressed against the tipcover 300 such that it sticks to it. Optionally, side jet sprinkler 6600may be pressed and glued to tip cover 300. In addition to front and sidejets, the use of side jet sprinkler 660 may further improve the abilityto clean/flush the body cavity.

With reference to FIGS. 65A through 65D and FIG. 66, it should be notedthat, in alternate embodiments, the side jet openings (such as 605 a,605 b, 610 a, 610 b) and/or the plurality of holes 6670 of the side jetsprinkler 6600 can be configured around the side periphery in anysuitable number, including 2, 4, 6, or 8. Also, the side jet openings605 a, 605 b, 610 a, 610 b and/or holes 6670 can have a plurality ofangular configurations causing fluid to exit at different anglesrelative to a lateral plane that includes the side optical lensassemblies of side looking viewing elements and the optical windows ofthe corresponding illuminators but not the front optical lens assemblyof the front looking viewing elements. In one embodiment, the opticalaxis of the side looking viewing elements is perpendicular to thelateral plane as well as the optical axis of the front looking viewingelements which is along the central longitudinal axis 6503 of theendoscope. These angles of fluid exit can range from 45 to 60 degrees or120 to 135 degrees relative to the lateral plane. Acute angles of exitof 45 to 60 degrees enable fluid to be expelled in the direction ofmovement of the endoscope while obtuse angles of exit of 120 to 135degrees enable fluid to be expelled in the direction opposite to thedirection of movement of the endoscope, thereby aiding the endoscopemovement within a body cavity. This is because, if the jet is directedin an opposite direction of movement of the endoscope, the resistance ofthe colon walls may push the scope forward like a jet engine.

Referring to FIGS. 67A and 67B, in accordance with one embodiment, sidejet openings 6705, 6710 are positioned 8.5 to 9.5 millimeters from theside optical lens assemblies 1056 a, 1056 b on the circumference of theendoscope such that the fluid exiting the openings form angles rangingfrom 50 degrees (as shown in FIG. 67A) to 60 degrees (as shown in FIG.67B) relative to a lateral plane containing the side optical lensassemblies 6756 a, 6756 b and corresponding side optical windows (butnot containing front optical lens assembly of the front looking viewingelements). Also, the side jet openings 6705, 67010 have a diameter ofabout 1.4 to 1.7 millimeters, in one embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 68A and 68B, in some embodiments of the specification,side jet openings (such as 605 a, 605 b, 610 a, 610 b of FIGS. 65Athrough 65D) may be covered by peripheral jet openings 130, whichcomprise, in one embodiment, a plurality of holes drilled through tipcover 300. Peripheral jet openings 130 may further disseminate fluidcirculated through side jet openings (such as 605 a, 605 b, 610 a, 610 bof FIGS. 65A through 65D) in to multiple smaller exits. Cleaning fluidthat is circulated by side jet channels 6506, 6506, may flow throughside jet openings and conveyed along an integrated groove connected toside jet channels 6506, 6506 on the periphery of the tip cover 300. Thegroove is surrounded by the smaller and multiple holes aligned oncircumference of tip cover 300 as peripheral jet openings 130. Thus thecleaning fluid emerging from side jet openings (such as 605 a, 605 b,610 a, 610 b of FIGS. 65A through 65D) exits through the multiple holesof peripheral jet openings 130. This enables the cleaning fluid to reachall around (360 degrees) the tip cover 300, into the body cavity, whichmay allow for a better cleaning procedure that may solve or mitigate theproblem of less efficient colonoscopies due to a non-cleaned colon.

Peripheral jet openings 130 may have a plurality of angularconfigurations causing fluid to exit at different angles relative to alateral plane that includes the side optical lens assemblies of sideviewing elements and the optical windows of the correspondingilluminators. In an embodiment, peripheral jet openings 130 may bedrilled at acute angles relative to the long dimension of the endoscope.In another embodiment, peripheral jet openings 130 may be drilled at 90degrees relative to the long dimension of the endoscope. In yet anotherembodiment, peripheral jet openings 130 may be drilled at obtuse anglesrelative to the long dimension of the endoscope. In an alternativeembodiment, each hole of peripheral jet openings 130 may be drilled atangles that are a combination of one or more acute angles, 90 degreesangles, and one or more obtuse angles. Acute angles of exit may enablefluid to be expelled in the direction of movement of the endoscope whileobtuse angles of exit may enable fluid to be expelled in a directionopposite to the direction of movement of the endoscope, thereby aidingthe endoscope movement within the body cavity.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 2A, 68A and 68B along with FIGS. 69A,69B, and 70, which respectively show front and rear perspective views,and a side view of a tip section 200 of an endoscope assembly accordingto an embodiment. The FIGS. 69A, 69B, and 70 illustrate the internalcomponents that are enclosed by tip cover 300 described in FIGS. 68A and68B above. It should be appreciated that in accordance with thisembodiment, the tip cover 300 of FIG. 2A is replaced by the tip cover300 described in FIGS. 68A and 68B, the fluid channeling component 600of FIG. 2A is replaced by the fluid channeling component 600 of FIG.65D, while the circuit board assembly 400 of FIG. 2A remains unchanged.

Tip cover 300 may include a front panel 320 having a transparentsurface, window, or opening for front optical lens assembly 256, offront looking viewing element 116. Front optical lens assembly 256 mayinclude a plurality of lenses, static or movable, which may provide afield of view of 90 degrees or more, 120 degrees or more or up toessentially 180 degrees. Front optical lens assembly 256 may provide afocal length in the range of about 3 to 100 millimeters. Additionally,front panel 320 may include optical windows 242 a, 242 b and 242 c ofilluminators 240 a, 240 b and 240 c, respectively. It should be notedthat number of illumination sources used for illumination of the fieldof view may vary. In addition, front panel 320 may include a workingchannel opening 340 of a working channel 640.

Jet channel opening 344 of jet channel 644 may also be located on frontpanel 320 of tip cover 300. Jet channel 644 may be configured forproviding a high-pressure jet of fluid, such as water or saline, forcleaning the walls of the body cavity.

Also located on front panel 320 of tip cover 300 is injector opening 346of injector channel 646 having a nozzle aimed at front optical lensassembly 256. Injector channel 646 may be configured for injecting fluid(liquid and/or gas) to wash contaminants such as blood, feces and otherdebris from a surface of front optical lens assembly 256 of frontlooking viewing element 116. Optionally, injector channel 646 may beconfigured for cleaning at least a surface of front optical lensassembly 256 and one, two or all of optical windows 242 a, 242 b and 242c. Injector channel 646 may be fed by fluid such as water and/or gaswhich may be used for cleaning and/or inflating a body cavity.

Visible on the sidewall 362 of tip cover 300 is a transparent surface,window or opening for side optical lens assembly 256 b for side lookingviewing element 116 b, which may be similar to front optical lensassembly 256, and optical windows 252 a and 252 b of illuminators 250 aand 250 b for side looking viewing element 116 b. Also on the sidewall362 of tip cover 300 on the opposing side to side optical lens assembly256 b is an optical lens assembly for another side looking viewingelement, which may be similar to side optical lens assembly 256 b, andoptical windows of illuminators for the other side looking camera. Theside optical lens assembly 256 b may provide a focal length in the rangeof about 3 to 100 millimeters.

In addition, side injector opening 266 may be located on sidewall 362. Anozzle cover may be configured to fit side injector opening 266.Additionally, the nozzle cover may include a nozzle which may be aimedat side optical lens assembly 256 b and configured for injecting fluidto wash contaminants such as blood, feces and other debris from asurface of side optical lens assembly 256 b of side looking viewingelement 116 b. The fluid may include gas which may be used for inflatinga body cavity. Optionally, nozzle may be configured for cleaning bothside optical lens assembly 256 b and optical windows 252 a and/or 252 b.

Side panel 362 also includes at least one side jet opening 610 a (whichis one of any of the side jet openings such as 605 a, 605 b, 610 a, 610b of FIGS. 65A through 65D) that vents cleaning fluid circulated throughside jet channels 6506, 6506. Another, similar, at least one side jetopening (not visible) may provide a second vent on the opposite sidepanel of the tip section 300. A peripheral groove 330 connected to sidejet opening 610 a and the other side jet opening on the opposite sidepanel of the tip section 300 may provide a channel for fluid vent by thetwo side jet openings. The fluid may circulate through the channel ofperipheral groove 330 around the circumference of the tip section 300.In one embodiment, each side jet opening is fed with a separatecorresponding side jet channel while in other embodiments the side jetopenings are fed from a common side channel. The side jet channels maybe distinct from or common to front jet channel 644.

In accordance with another aspect of the specification, side jetopenings (such as 605 a, 605 b, 610 a, 610 b of FIGS. 65A through 65D)may be operated at a plurality of predefined algorithms, such ascontinuous fluid stream, fluid stream pulsing at different flow rates,fluid stream being expelled at different timings with respect to thedifferent side jet openings, fluid stream at different pressures or anyother suitable algorithm as would be evident to persons skilled in theart. Also, while in one embodiment all side jet openings operate at oneselected algorithm, in alternate embodiments each side jet opening mayoperate independently and at different operating algorithms using adistributer to control the operation of the jets.

It is noted that according to some embodiments, although tip section 300is presented herein showing one side thereof, the opposing side mayinclude elements similar to the side elements described herein (forexample, side viewing element, side optical lens assembly, injector(s),nozzle(s), illuminator(s), window(s), opening(s) and other elements).

It is noted that according to some embodiments, the tip section mayinclude more than one side viewing elements. In this case, the sideviewing elements may be installed such that their field of views aresubstantially opposing. However, different configurations and numbers ofside viewing elements are possible within the general scope of thecurrent specification.

Along with FIGS. 68A, 68B, 69A, 69B and 70, reference is now made toFIG. 71, which shows a cross-section view of tip section 200 enclosedwithin tip cover 300 of FIGS. 68A, 68B, according to an embodiment. FIG.71 simultaneously illustrates side viewing elements 116 a and 116 b.Side illuminators 250 a, 250 b are positioned to illuminate side viewingelement 116 a, and side illuminators 250 c, 250 d are positioned toilluminate side viewing element 116 b. Also seen is front viewingelement 116 along with front illuminators 240 a, 240 b.

Additionally, alignment of peripheral jet openings 130 in tip cover 300,with peripheral (jet channel) groove 330, is illustrated. Cross sectionview of side jet opening 610 a may be seen connected to peripheral jetchannel groove 330. Fluid may flow through side jet channels 6506, sidejet opening 610 a, in through peripheral jet channel groove 330, andexit through multiple holes of peripheral jet openings 130 in tip cover300, thus enabling a 360-degree dispersion of the fluid into the bodycavity of a patient.

It should be noted that, in alternate embodiments, the number ofperipheral jet openings 130 may vary. In various embodiments, thediameter of each hole in peripheral jet openings 130 may be in the rangeof 0.40-0.80 millimeters. In some embodiments, the diameter of each holein peripheral jet openings 130 may be 0.50 millimeters. The minimumdistance between two holes may be 0.20 millimeters. These exemplaryembodiments may be suitable for endoscopic tip diameters in the range of9 to 17 millimeters.

Reference is now made to FIG. 72, which illustrates a multi jet ringassembly 7200 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of thespecification. Multi jet ring assembly 7200 may be placed over side jetopenings, such as 605 a, 605 b, 610 a, 610 b of FIGS. 65A through 65D,on a tip cover. The side jet openings may provide an exit for fluidcirculated by side jet channels of a tip section of an endoscopeassembly. In embodiments, a peripheral groove 7202 may be placed on aninternal periphery of multi jet ring assembly 7200, such that the sidejet channel openings may be aligned with peripheral groove 7202.Moreover, multiple holes 7204 may be drilled along peripheral groove7202. Multiple holes 7204 may allow multiple jet exit of the fluidcirculated through peripheral groove 7202.

In one embodiment, multi jet ring assembly 7200 is disposable and isadapted for all scopes having a side jet channel (such as 605 a, 605 b,610 a, 610 b of FIGS. 65A through 65D), including scopes having onefront working/service channel, two front working/service channels, andscopes having one or two side working/service channels.

Multiple holes 7204 may have a plurality of angular configurationscausing fluid to exit at different angles relative to a long dimensionof the endoscope. In an embodiment, multiple holes 7204 may be drilledat acute angles relative to the long dimension of the endoscope. Inanother embodiment, multiple holes 7204 may be drilled at 90 degreesrelative to the long dimension of the endoscope. In yet anotherembodiment, multiple holes 7204 may be drilled at obtuse angles relativeto the long dimension of the endoscope. In an alternative embodiment,each hole of multiple holes 7204 may be drilled at angles that are acombination of one or more acute angles, 90 degrees angles, and one ormore obtuse angles. Acute angles of exit may enable fluid to be expelledin the direction of movement of the endoscope while obtuse angles ofexit may enable fluid to be expelled in a direction opposite to thedirection of movement of the endoscope, thereby aiding the endoscopemovement within a body cavity, and vice versa.

A first diameter 7206 of multi-jet ring assembly 7200 may be adapted toa diameter of the tip cover, and is of a dimension such that multi jetring assembly 7200 fits over the tip cover. A second diameter 7208 ofmulti jet ring assembly 7200 may be larger than first diameter 7206.While first diameter 7206 may define the dimension for the outer edgesof multi-jet ring assembly 7200, second diameter 7208 may correspond tothe inner ring that forms peripheral groove 7202.

Pre-adjustment of the tip cover may be made to pre-define the locationof multi jet ring assembly 7200, such that the latter may be slid overtip section and is firmly placed on it. In embodiments, a shallow groovein the tip cover may be made to ensure multi jet ring assembly 7200 maynot protrude from outer portion of tip cover and increase the outerdiameter of the tip section.

Multiple holes 7202 are thus placed on peripheral groove 7204, which arealigned with one or more side jet openings of the endoscope. In variousembodiments, multi jet ring assembly 7200 may be adapted for differenttypes of scopes that have at least one side jet channel, includingscopes having one front service channel and scopes having two frontservice channels. In different embodiments, multi jet ring assembly 7200may be adapted to scopes with tip sections of different diametersranging from 5 to 18 millimeters.

The number of multiple holes 7202 may vary in accordance with differentembodiments of the specification. Opening angles of multiple holes 7202may also vary with embodiments. In an embodiment, multiple holes 7202may be at acute angles relative to the long dimension of the endoscope.In another embodiment, multiple holes 7202 may be at 90 degrees relativeto the long dimension of the endoscope. In yet another embodiment,multiple holes 7202 may be at obtuse angles relative to the longdimension of the endoscope. In another embodiment, each hole of multipleholes 7202 may be at angles that are a combination of one or more acuteangles, 90 degrees angles, and one or more obtuse angles. Acute anglesof exit may enable fluid to be expelled in the direction of movement ofthe endoscope while obtuse angles of exit may enable fluid to beexpelled in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of theendoscope, thereby aiding the endoscope movement within a body cavity,and vice versa.

In embodiments, the diameter of each hole in multiple holes 7204 mayrange within 0.40 to 0.80 millimeters. In embodiments, the minimumdistance between two adjacent holes in multiple holes 7204 may be 0.20millimeters.

FIGS. 73, 74A, and 74B show side and perspective views of tip section200 of an endoscope assembly, with multi jet ring assembly 7200 placedover it. Various components of tip section 200 may be similar topreviously described embodiments of components with reference to FIG. 2Aor 2B. A tip cover 300 of tip section 200 may comprise one or more sidejet openings, such as 605 a, 605 b, 610 a, 610 b of FIGS. 65A through65D.

Multi jet ring assembly 7200 may be placed over tip cover 300 such thatperipheral groove 7202 is aligned with its side jet openings, such as605 a, 605 b, 610 a, 610 b of FIGS. 65A through 65D. Therefore, fluidcirculated through side jet openings may be conveyed through peripheralgroove 7202 in the internal periphery of multi jet ring assembly 7200.The fluid may then exit through multiple holes 7204 on peripheral groove7202, providing 360-degrees vent to the fluid, around tip section 200.

FIGS. 75A and 75B illustrate perspective views of tip section 200 whenmulti jet ring assembly 7200 is detached from it, in accordance with anembodiment of an endoscope assembly. The figures show a side jet opening610 a of tip section 200. In embodiments, peripheral groove 7202 ofmulti-jet ring assembly 7200 may be placed over side jet opening 610 a.

Referring now to FIGS. 76A and 76B, cross-sectional views of a multi jetring assembly 7200 placed over tip section 200 are shown, according toembodiments of endoscope assembly of the specification. The figuresillustrate a side jet channel 6506 connected to a side jet opening 610a. The first diameter 7206 and the second diameter 7208 of multi-jetring assembly 7200 are also visible along with holes 7204. Although thefigure shows one side jet channel and opening, the specification may, inother embodiments, include multiple side jet channels and/or openings inthe tip section of the endoscope assembly.

Referring now to FIG. 2A and FIGS. 65A through 65D, in an embodiment, ajet distributer is provided to supply fluids to each of the side jetopenings, such as 605 a, 605 b, 610 a, 610 b in the multi jet endoscopetip 6501 of FIGS. 65A through 65D, and the front jet 344. The jetdistributer typically comprises three fluid channels to provide fluid tothe front jet 344, right-side-jets 605 a, 610 a and left-side-jets 605b, 610 b in the endoscope tip 6501. FIG. 77A illustrates a multi jetdistributer pump 4000, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification. As illustrated, the multi jet distributer 4000 comprisesa distributer motor housing 4002 and a distributor motor 4004 coupledwith a motor shaft 4006 which in turn is coupled with a distributorrotating plug 5002 placed inside a distributor disc or cap 4008 adaptedto channel fluid out into three exiting fluid pipelines 4010, 4012, and4014, thereby supplying fluid to three jet openings (front-jet 344,right-side-jets 605 a, 610 a and left-side-jets 605 b, 610 b) in theendoscope tip. The multi jet distributer 4000 further comprises anentering fluid pipeline 4016 that transports fluid from a fluid source,via a conventional jet pump, into the multi-jet distributer 4000.Locking element 4018 enables the distributer disc 4008 to be latched onto the motor shaft 4006. In various embodiments, different fluiddistribution rates can be selected by varying the electric currentapplied to the distributor motor.

In one embodiment, jet distributer 4000 comprises two fluid channels toprovide fluid to the front jet 344 and sides-jets 605 a, 605 b, 610 a,610 b in the endoscope tip. The multi jet distributer 4000 comprises adistributer motor housing 4002 and a distributor motor 4004 coupled witha motor shaft 4006 which, in turn, is coupled with a distributer disc4008 adapted to channel fluid out into two exiting fluid pipelines,thereby supplying fluid to three jet openings in the endoscope tip. Inthis embodiment, the two sides-jets are fed by a common jet channelsplit into two pipelines upon entering the endoscope tip; one providesfluids to the right-side-jets and the other to the left-side-jets.

FIGS. 77B and 77C illustrate additional views of the multi jetdistributer pump 4000, in accordance with embodiments of the presentspecification. As illustrated in FIG. 77C, the distributer disc 4008 isphysically detachable from the distributer motor housing 4002 and can belatched in, and out, of the distributor motor housing 4002 by using thelocking element 4018 which is fitted in a groove 4020 of the distributordisc 4008.

In one embodiment, the distributer disc 4008 is a substantiallycylindrical structure comprising a plurality of circular slots forattaching with fluid pipelines. In an embodiment, the distributor disc4008 comprises a slot for attaching with an entering fluid pipeline 4016which has a diameter ranging from approximately 1 to 20 millimeters, andmore specifically between 1 to 10 millimeters. In an embodiment, thedistributor disc 4008 further comprises at least two slots for attachingwith exiting fluid pipelines, each having a diameter ranging fromapproximately 1 to 20 millimeters, and more specifically between 1 to 10millimeters. The circular slots on the face of the distributor disc 4008attaching with the fluid pipelines are separated by a minimum distance.In an embodiment, the length of the entering and exiting pipelines isselected to minimize the overall space requirements of the distributorpump, yet achieve the fluid rate objectives of the present invention asdescribed below. Also, in an embodiment, the fluid pipelines areconnected to the distributor disc 4008 by using sealing members such asan O-ring or a gasket. During use, fluid pipelines are threaded andsecured via threading onto the distributor disc 4008 and sealed thereto,using the sealing members. In an embodiment, the three exit pipelinesconnect to, or mate with, complementary fluid channels, which directfluid through to the jet openings in the endoscope tip, via a mainconnector. In an embodiment, a universal luer connector is used toconnect the fluid pipelines to the main connector. In other embodiments,any suitable connecting element may be used to connect the fluidpipelines to the main connector.

Three of the pipes which are positioned normal to the face of thedistributor disc are exiting fluid pipelines 4010, 4012, and 4014 andoperate to supply fluid to three jet openings in an endoscope tip. Thefourth pipe which is positioned normal to the face of the distributordisc is an entering fluid pipeline 4016.

In various embodiments, a distributor rate within the multi jetdistributer 4000 can vary from 30 revolutions per minute (rpm) to 100rpm, and more specifically between 50-65 rpm. The distributor rate mayalso depend upon a fluid flow rate received into the multi jetdistributor. The distributor rate is defined as the revolutions perminute (rpm) of a distributor rotating plug contained within thedistributor disc or cap and attached to the motor shaft, as describedwith reference to FIGS. 80A and 80B below.

In an embodiment, a first pipeline supplies fluid to a front panel ofthe endoscope, a second pipeline supplies fluid to one side of the tip,and a third pipeline supplies fluid to the other side of the tip. Inanother embodiment, only two pipelines enter the main connector, whereina first pipeline supplies fluid to the front jet and a second suppliesfluid to the side jets of the endoscope.

FIG. 78A illustrates a distributer disc 4008 of a multi jet distributer,in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification. The disc4008 comprises a distributer rotating plug 5002 for connecting the disc4008 to the motor shaft 4006 (shown in FIG. 77A). A locking element 4018(shown in FIGS. 77A-77C) may be fitted in a groove 5004 on the disc 4008to connect the disc to the motor shaft 4006. FIG. 78B illustratesanother view of the distributer disc 4008 of a multi jet distributer, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification, showing thegroove 5004, three exiting fluid pipelines 4010, 4012 and 4014 and oneentering fluid pipeline 4016.

FIG. 79A is a block diagram illustrating the connection between a multijet distributor and an endoscope, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present specification. A pump, such as jet pump 6002 pumps fluidfrom a fluid source, via an entering fluid pipeline 6004, into a multijet distributor 6006. The fluid is supplied by the multi jet distributor6006 to three jet openings in a tip of an endoscope 6008 via threeexiting fluid pipelines 6010, 6012 and 6014 and a main connector 6016.In an embodiment, each of the three exiting fluid pipelines suppliesfluid to a fluid channel of the endoscope 6008. In one embodiment, eachexiting fluid pipeline is connected to main connector by a luerconnector, or by any connecting system of small-scale fluid fittingsused for making leak-free connections between a male-taper fitting andits mating female part on medical instruments. The main connector isalso coupled with a controller unit 6018 that acts as a main controlunit for the endoscope 6008.

In various embodiments, in order to activate the jet and wash a lumen ina patient's body, a doctor/physician operating the endoscope is requiredto push a button located either on a handle of the endoscope, on themain control unit, or on a control panel of the endoscope. Once thebutton is pressed, the multi jet distributer starts providing fluid at apre-determined rate to each of the three fluid channels of theendoscope. In another embodiment, the doctor/physician may be requiredto push/step on a foot pedal to activate the jet-pump, which is in datacommunication with the foot pedal or other activation means. Thejet-pump provides fluid to the multi jet distributer and at the sametime activates the multi jet distributer motor. In various embodiments,the operating doctor/physician may change a rate of flow of fluid beingsupplied by the multi jet distributer dynamically during the operation.

In an embodiment, the multi jet distributor is located outside theendoscope system but is connected to a main control unit of theendoscope as illustrated in FIG. 79A. The multi-jet distributer mayconnect to the main control unit by using a coupling system. Inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification, the couplingsystem comprises a hanger plug and socket pair such that the hanger plugis integrally formed on a distributor disc or cap portion of the multijet distributor while the hanger socket, to removably yet fixedlyreceive the hanger plug, is affixed to a side of the main control unit6018.

In various embodiments, alternate connection systems that are easilyconnected/disconnected but securely fixed may be used. For example, theconnection system may include a magnetic coupling pair where a firstmagnet is fixed to the multi-distributor jet and a second magnet, havingpolarity opposite to the first, is affixed to a side of the main controlunit. Bringing the first magnet close to the second would result into astrong magnetic coupling to enable the multi jet distributor to beremovably, yet securely, attached to the main control unit.

Additional examples may include clips, snaps, clasps, hooks, afemale/male attachment pair, and other connection systems that enableremovable, yet firm, coupling as would be advantageously evident topersons of ordinary skill in the art.

In another embodiment, the multi jet distributer is integrated into thecontrol unit, such that the housing of the multi-jet distributor islocated inside the control unit.

FIG. 79B is a block diagram illustrating another connection between amulti jet distributor and an endoscope, in accordance with an embodimentof the present specification. As illustrated, the multi-jet distributor6006 supplies fluid to three jet openings in a tip of an endoscope 6008via a single exiting connector housing within the three pipelinesexiting pipeline 6020. Hence, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 79B,a single fluid pipeline supplies fluid to the three fluid channels ofthe endoscope 6008.

FIG. 80A illustrates a sectional view of a distributor disc of a multijet distributor, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification. A jet pump 7002 pumps a fluid via an entering (input)fluid pipeline or channel 7004 into a distributor disc or cap 7006,which in turn distributes the fluid into three streams being pumped outvia three exiting (output) fluid pipelines or channels 7008, 7010 and7012 (not shown in FIG. 80A) into a main connector 7014 by rotating adistributor rotating plug, wherein the distributor rotating plug 5002has a first end 5002 a and a second end 5002 b. The rotating plug 5002is attached at a first end 5002 a to the motor shaft (shown as 4006 inFIG. 77A). In one embodiment, as seen in FIG. 80A, a distributor element7021 is attached to a second end 5002 b of the rotating plug 5002opposite said first end 5002 a. The distributor element 7021, beingphysically attached to the rotating plug 5002, rotates within thedistributor disc or cap 7006 as the motor is operated. The distributorelement 7021 comprises a cylindrical body having a first end 7021 aattached to said second end 5002 b of said rotating plug 5002, and asecond end 7021 b opposite said first end. An L-shaped fluid pathway7020 is positioned within the distributor element 7021 and includes anentrance opening 7022 at the second end 7021 b of the distributorelement 7021 and an exit opening 7023 in a side wall 7021 c of thedistributor element 7021.

Fluid is pumped from the jet pump 7002 into the entering fluid pipeline7004. The entering fluid pipeline 7004 passes through the distributordisc or cap 7006 and is in fluid communication with the L-shaped fluidpathway 7020 of the distributor element 7021 via the entrance opening7022. As the rotating plug 5002 and distributor element are rotatedwithin the distributor disc or cap 7006 by the motor, the L-shaped fluidpathway 7020 of the distributor element 7021 is intermittently alignedwith each of the exiting fluid pipelines 7008, 7010, and 7012 (seen inFIG. 80B). During rotation of the distributor element 7021, while oneexiting fluid pathway is open, the remaining two are occluded. Forexample, as seen in FIG. 80A, the distributor element 7021 is positionedsuch that its L-shaped fluid pathway 7020 is aligned to, and in fluidcommunication with, exiting fluid pipeline 7008. Since the L-shapedfluid pathway 7020 is the only path for fluid to exit the distributorelement 7021, exiting fluid pipelines 7010 and 7012 (seen in FIG. 7B)are effectively closed while exiting fluid pipeline 7008 is open. Inanother embodiment, the rotating plug is one solid piece without adistributor element, extending into the distributor disc or cap andcontaining an L-shaped fluid pathway.

FIG. 80B illustrates another sectional view of a distributor disc or capof a multi jet distributor, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification. The distributor disc or cap 7006 comprises aninlet for an entering fluid pipeline 7004 and three outlets for exitingfluid pipelines 7008, 7010 and 7012. It should be appreciated that theexiting fluid pipelines can number one, two, three, four or more.

In accordance with an aspect of the present specification, a multi jetcontroller is used to enable the main connector 6016 of FIGS. 79A and79B to allow selective ejection of fluid from front and/or side jets ofthe endoscope 6008.

FIG. 81A shows a perspective view of a main connector 8100 employing amulti jet controller 8130 in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification. The controller 8130 comprises a shaft 8105leading to a valve 8110. The valve 8110, when inserted/placed in acontroller housing 8115, operatively connects the valve 8110 to the mainconnector 8100 via a jet connector 8120. The jet connector 8120 connectsa jet pump to the main connector 8100. The main connector 8100 comprisesa light guide pin 8125, gas channel 8135 and an electric connector 8140at one end and a connector 8145 at another end to connect to a maincontrol unit (such as unit 199 of FIG. 1A) through a utilitycable/umbilical tube. An endoscopic water bottle connector 8150 is alsoprovided on a side of the main connector 8100.

In accordance with an embodiment, the multi jet controller 8130 has ascrew formed on the valve 8110. Once the shaft 8105 is inserted/placedin the controller housing 8115, a rotation of the screw, with the helpof the shaft 8105, enables a selective flow of jet fluid into theselected front and/or side jet channels. Thus, the multi jet controller8130 provides a user with a manual control option to control theoperation of the varied jets (front and side jets).

In a first control option only the front jet receives fluid to beejected through a front jet opening of an endoscope, such as opening 344of FIGS. 2A, 2B. FIG. 81B shows a first position of the shaft 8105corresponding to the first control option.

In a second control option the front jet as well as the side jetsreceive fluid to be ejected through a front jet opening as well as sidejet openings of the endoscope, such as openings 605 a, 610 b of FIG.65A. FIG. 81C shows a second position of the shaft 8105 corresponding tothe second control option.

In accordance with an aspect, the shaft 8105 has indicative signs toindicate to the user the chosen fluid control option. FIGS. 81B and 81Crespectively, show signs or indicators 8155 and 8160 corresponding tothe first and second fluid control options.

According to some embodiments, one technical problem addressed by thepresent specification relates to multiple endoscope configurations beingrequired for handling the multiplicity of applications. Differentconfigurations may require different type, number, positioning,directing, focusing or other tuning of the capturing devices, lightsources or other components on the endoscope. Therefore, althoughmultiple parts of an endoscope system may be common to many of theconfigurations, multiple endoscopes may be required. This posessignificant requirements on a health institute, including for examplefinancial requirements, storage, maintenance, training or the like.

Some different configurations may also be required for differentpatients or patient types, such as adults, children, infants, or thelike.

Some different configurations may also be required for differentprocedures, such as colonoscopy, gastroscopy, endoscopic ultrasound(EUS), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or thelike.

Yet another technical problem addressed by embodiments of the disclosurerelates to maintenance costs. When replacing the camera head, forexample due to defective objective lens, the entire colonoscope has tobe disassembled, which is an expensive process.

According to some embodiments, a technical solution may be theprovisioning of an endoscope having a removable tip section. The tipsection may also be partially removable, for example, with a permanentsection and a removable section. The removable section of the tip may beremovably connected or attached to the permanent section of the tipwhich is connected to a shaft (which may also be referred to as abending section, for example, a vertebra mechanism), so that endoscopeshaving different configurations can be used with the same system.According to the endoscopic task to be performed, a removable sectionhaving an appropriate configuration is selected and connected to theshaft or to the permanent section. When the endoscopy session is over,the removable section of the tip may be removed and another removablesection having the same or a different configuration can be connected tothe permanent section or to the shaft.

In some embodiments, the removable section of the tip comprises asubstantially full cross section of the tip, for example, the wholedistal surface of the tip, possibly excluding some openings or smallparts such as rings. In some of these embodiments, all channels andflows going through the tip, such as optic fibers, power supply, watersupply, data lines transferring images, working channels fortransferring equipment, or the like, are made of at least two partswhich may be connected when the removable section is attached to thepermanent section. However, in other embodiments of the full crosssection removable sections, there may still be some materials orequipment which make their way only through the permanent section, whichhas one or more protruding parts going into and through the removablesection.

In other embodiments, all cross sections of the removable section aresubstantially partial to the cross sections of the tip, such that atleast one of the channels going through the tip is not split and isfully contained within the permanent section.

It will be appreciated that when the removable section is attached tothe permanent section, all channels and flows which are split betweenthe permanent section and the removable section are securely connectedsuch that no tool, material or energy may leak between the parts, andthat all data may be continuously transferred.

In some embodiments, the removable section may be attached to thepermanent section in a secure manner which will ensure that theremovable section will not mistakenly disconnect from the permanentsection within the body. A verification mechanism may be provided whichadds extra security measures.

One technical effect of embodiments of the disclosed subject matterrelates to providing an endoscope with a removable tip section. Thisenables the medical staff to replace the tip section of the endoscope inaccordance with the required functionality, so as to use for each typeof endoscopic session the most suitable endoscope configuration,equipment, size, or the like. Different removable sections may then beused according to varying needs, thus eliminating the need forpurchasing and maintaining multiple endoscopes for differentapplications. Thus, different removable sections may be of differentconfigurations, for example, having the image capturing components,light sources, or working/service channels located at differentlocations on the removable section, thus adjusting to the specific bodycavity explored or to possible findings within the body cavity. In otherembodiments, the relative location between the image capturingcomponents and the light sources may differ. In yet other embodiments,different removable sections may contain different types of cameras,differing for example in their wave length, lens assembly, sensor orother parts, pointing directions, field of view, or other parameters.The light sources may also differ between different configurations, inorder to provide the type of light which the used sensor is sensitiveto. Different removable sections can be made to adjust to differentpatients, for example removable sections can be manufactured indifferent sizes for adults, children or infants. Different removablesections can also be used when different view fields, different viewingangles or different optical characteristics are required, for example,in some situations a viewing angle of 170° may be used, while insituations that require viewing more details of a smaller area, aviewing angle of 140° can be used.

Another technical effect of the disclosed subject matter, according tosome embodiments, relates to providing a disposable removable section,thus eliminating the need for sterilization or reprocessing and reducingcontamination risks.

Yet another technical effect of the disclosed subject matter, accordingto some embodiments, relates to providing a removable section which canbe made personalized in order to provide good results for a particularpatient.

Yet another technical effect of the disclosed subject matter, accordingto some embodiments, relates to the replaceable top enabling a healthcare facility to maintain only a small number of endoscope systems, thusreducing cost and maintenance, while using the most appropriateendoscope for each type of endoscopic session, each patient, or thelike.

Reference is now made to FIG. 82, which shows a perspective view of aremovable tip endoscope.

Endoscope 8200 may include an elongated shaft, a bending section and atip section 8201 which terminates the endoscope. The bending section mayenable the turning of tip section 8201 in different directions. Tipsection 8201 may comprise a removable section 8202 and a permanentsection 8207 connected along line 8203.

Removable section 8202 may include therein a front-pointing capturingdevice such as a camera or a video camera 8204 which may capture imagesthrough a hole in a distal end surface 8206 of tip section 8201. Adiscrete front illuminator 8208, which is optionally a light-emittingdiode (LED), may be associated with front-pointing camera 8204 and usedfor illuminating its field of view through another hole in distal endsurface 8206. The LED may be a white light LED, an infrared light LED, anear infrared light LED or an ultraviolet light LED. The light may begenerated internally within endoscope tip section 8201, or generatedremotely and transferred, for example, by a fiber optic. In someembodiments, removable section 8202 may comprise two or moreilluminators, wherein at least one may generate the light internally,and at least one may provide remotely generated light.

A front fluid injector 8210 may be used for cleaning at least one offront-pointing camera 8204 and discrete front illuminator 8208. Frontfluid injector 8210 may be slightly elevated from distal end surface8206, to enable it to inject fluid, from its side 8210 a, ontofront-pointing camera 8204 and discrete front illuminator 8208. Frontfluid injector 8210 may be configured to inject fluids such as water,air and/or the like.

Distal end surface 8206 may further include a hole defining a workingchannel 8212. Working channel 8212 may be a hollow tube configured forinsertion of a surgical tool to operate on various tissues. For example,miniature forceps may be inserted through working channel 8212 in orderto remove a polyp or sample of which for biopsy. In alternativeembodiments, working channel 8212 can be used for applying suction forevacuating various liquids and/or solids which exist in the body cavityand interfere with the inspection. In some embodiments, opening 8212 canextend to an internal cylinder which comprises a part of permanentsection 8207. It should be appreciated that in various embodiments, thedistal end surface 8206 may include more than one working/servicechannel openings.

A pathway fluid injector 8214, defined by another hole in distal endsurface 8206, may be used for inflating and/or cleaning the body cavityinto which endoscope 8200 is inserted. Inflation may be performed byflowing air or another gas through pathway fluid injector 8214, and maybe beneficial for cases in which the body cavity, such as the colon, isshriveled or otherwise does not allow for efficient inspection. Cleaningmay be achieved, for example, by injecting a liquid, such as water orsaline, on an unclean area of the body cavity. Furthermore, pathwayfluid injector 8214 (or a different tube) may be used for applyingsuction, in order to evacuate various liquids and/or solids which existin the body cavity and interfere with the inspection.

Permanent section 8207 of tip section 8201 may include therein aside-pointing camera 8216 which may capture images through a hole in acylindrical surface 8205 of the permanent section 8207 of tip section8201. A side illuminator 8222, which is optionally similar to frontilluminator 8208, may be associated with side-pointing camera 8216 andused for illuminating its field of view through another hole incylindrical surface 8205. A side fluid injector 8220 may be used forcleaning at least one of side-pointing camera 8216 and discrete sideilluminator 8222. In order to prevent tissue damage when cylindricalsurface 8205 of permanent section 8207 contacts a side wall of the bodycavity, side fluid injector 8220 and side-pointing camera 8216 may belocated in a notch 8218 in the cylindrical surface. This way, side fluidinjector 8220 may be elevated from depression 8218 but still notsignificantly protrude from the level of cylindrical surface 8205. Theelevation of side fluid injector 8220 may enable it to inject fluid,from its opening 8220 a, onto side-pointing camera 8216. In analternative configuration (not shown), one or more discrete sideilluminators may also be included in the depression, so that fluidinjected from the side fluid injector may reach them. In yet anotherconfiguration (not shown), a side-pointing camera, one or more sideilluminators and a side fluid injector may not be located in adepression, but rather be on essentially the same level as thecylindrical surface of the tip section.

It will be appreciated that the division of tip section 8201 intoremovable section 8202 and permanent section 8207 shown in FIG. 82 isschematic only and is intended as a general demonstration. The cameras,working channels, illumination channels, fluid injectors and othercomponents may be split between removable section 8202 and permanentsection 8207 in any other manner as demonstrated in the exemplaryembodiments detailed in association with FIG. 83 to FIG. 86 below. Forexample, in some embodiments, the removable or permanent section mayinclude one or more side working/service channels. In still furtherembodiments, the removable or permanent section may include a pluralityof side jet openings (such as 605 a, 605 b, 610 a, 610 b of FIGS. 65Athrough 65D).

It will be appreciated that further flexibility may be provided if anyof the capture devices (such as cameras), working/service channels,illumination channels and other components are provided on the removablesection rather than on the permanent section. In such arrangements, eachremovable section is configured and equipped with the camera types andother equipment and arrangement which are most appropriate for the task.However, some equipment, such as cameras of higher quality and price,may be located on the permanent section, so as to better utilize suchresources in multiple application types.

Reference is now made to FIG. 83, which shows a perspective view of asubstantially full cross section of a removable tip removed from thepermanent section, in accordance with one embodiment of the presentspecification.

Removable section 8302 of a tip of an endoscope is shown removed frompermanent section 8307, wherein permanent section 8307 is connected to ashaft.

Removable section 8302 may comprise one or more capture devices, forexample, video camera 8304, one or more light sources such as lightsource 8328, or one or more fluid injectors, such as 8332 or 8336.

One or more cables providing power to camera 8304 and transferringimages from camera 8304 to the shaft go through removable section 8302,into and through an elongated section 8308 protruding from removablesection 8302. When removable section 8302 is connected to permanentsection 8307, elongated section 8308 enters a corresponding recess 8312in permanent section 8307. In some embodiments, elongated section 8308may end with a connector, wherein recess 8312 contains a correspondingconnector, such that when elongated section 8308 is entered into recess8312, the two connectors connect such that power or data can flowbetween the endoscope and camera 8304. For example, a plug located atthe end of elongated section 8308 may enter a corresponding socketinside recess 8312. In alternative embodiments, recess 8312 may comprisea plug and elongated section 8308 may comprise a socket.

Thus, electric signals or data may pass through elongated section 8308and recess 8312 from the shaft to the camera.

In some embodiments, elongated section 8308 may protrude from permanentsection 8307 while recess 8312 may be placed on removable section 8302.

It will be appreciated that removable section 8302 or permanent section8307 may comprise additional one or more pairs of protruding sectionsand corresponding channels, for transferring water or other fluids orliquids, optic fibers or any other material or equipment. When theprotruding sections and corresponding channels are used for transferringfluids or liquids, one or two of them may be constructed with gasketsfor sealing the fluids or liquids and avoiding leakage into the body orinto other parts of the endoscope tip, from a gap between removablesection 8302 and permanent section 8307.

Permanent section 8307 may also comprise a hollow elongated section 8316protruding therefrom containing channel 8320. When removable section8302 is connected to permanent section 8307, hollow elongated section8316 is inserted into a corresponding channel 8324 in removable section8302, which extends through the entire length of removable section 8302,thus enabling a surgical tool to pass through a working channelextending from the shaft through channel 8320 of hollow elongatedsection 8316 and through channel 8324 in removable section 8302 todistal surface 8305 of removable section 8302, so that the surgical toolcan be used for operating on the body cavity of the patient.

Removable section 8302 may also comprise one or more side-pointingcapturing devices such as camera 8338, one or more light sources 8340 orone or more fluid injectors 8344. The utilities to camera 8338, lightsource 8340 or injector 8344, may be received from the same provisioningas the front facing camera, light sources and injectors, throughcorresponding pipes within the body of removable section 8302 aroundchannel 8324. The images captured by camera 8338 may also be transferredthrough the same channels.

It will be appreciated that removable section 8302 or permanent section8307 may comprise additional side pointing cameras, light sources orinjectors.

Removable section 8302 and permanent section 8307 may be connected byany known mechanism, such as a locking mechanism, fastening mechanism,snap mechanism, or the like.

Removable section 8302 or permanent section 8307 may be equipped with abutton 8352 for releasing the connection. In order to avoid harming thebody cavity of the user, button 8352 may be placed within a recess so asnot to protrude from the surface of the tip section. In someembodiments, the connection may only be released if a correspondingcommand is provided from an external source, such as simultaneouslyclicking on a control on display 120 of FIG. 1A which may be translatedto an electrical or mechanical effect required for releasing theconnection, in order to prevent unwanted accidental release.

In some embodiments, permanent section 8307 may comprise a button oranother sensitive area such as switch 8348 which may be touched orpressed by removable section 8302, only when removable section 8302 issecurely connected to permanent section 8307. Such button may also beelectrically connected to the endoscope handle or controller and mayprovide an indication to the endoscope operator whether the parts aresecurely connected. The indication may be visual, such as an icon ondisplay 120. In some embodiments, when the connection is released, avocal indication may also be provided as well to alert the operator.

In some embodiments, there may be two degrees or two mechanisms ofconnection between removable section 8302 and permanent section 8307. Ifone degree or one mechanism is released while the endoscope is beingused, the operator may receive a first alert so he or she can remove theendoscope or otherwise correct the situation before the removablesection is released within the body cavity of the patient.

It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that if theendoscope comprises an optic fiber, then each of removable section 8302and permanent section 8307 may comprise a part of the fiber, wherein thesections may comprise corresponding lenses for providing continuitybetween the fiber parts by transferring light.

Reference is now made to FIG. 84, which shows a perspective view of asubstantially full cross section removable tip section attached to thepermanent section, in accordance with one embodiment of the presentspecification.

In FIG. 84, removable section 8302 is fully connected to permanentsection 8307, such that elongated section 8308 and hollow elongatedsection 8316 of FIG. 83 are inserted into corresponding recess 8312 andchannel 8324, respectively. Electric signals or energy as well as wateror fluids may pass through permanent section 8307 to removable section8302, and images captured by the cameras are transferred back and may bedisplayed to an operator.

Reference is now made to FIG. 85, which shows a perspective view of apartial cross section removable tip section in accordance with oneembodiment of the present specification. In FIG. 85, distal face 8305 ofthe endoscope tip is comprised of two parts, wherein a first part 8305′of distal face is of permanent section 8507, while the other part 8305″is of removable section 8502. Thus, each cross section of removablesection 8502 comprises a partial cross section of the tip section, whenassembled, of the two sections. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 85,channel 8320′ fully contained within permanent section 8507 forms aworking channel and reaches through permanent section 8507 to the distalface so that tools or other equipment can be passed.

Removable section 8502 may be equipped with cameras 8304 or 8338, lightsources 8328 or 8340, or one or more fluid injector 8332, 8336 or 8344which may be located at the front face or on the side face of removablesection 8502 as required. The cameras, light sources or fluid injectorsmay be implemented and receive utilities as detailed in association withFIG. 8 above.

Removable section 8502 may also comprise one or more elongated sectionssuch as elongated section 8308′ which fits into recess 8312′ ofpermanent section 8507. The one or more elongated sections, such aselongated section 8308′, may function as an anchoring mechanism tosecure removable section 8502 within permanent section 8507.Alternatively or additionally, the one or more elongated sections, suchas elongated section 8308′, may be used for transferring electricenergy, fluids, liquids, optic fibers or other equipment or materialsbetween removable section 8502 and/or surface 8305″ and the endoscopehandle and/or console.

In order to provide for full and tight connection between removablesection 8502 and permanent section 8507, removable section 8502 maycomprise a trapeze shaped bulge which fits into recess 8544 of permanentsection 8507. In alternative embodiments, removable section 8502 maycomprise a recess and permanent section 8507 may comprise a bulge.

Permanent section 8507 and removable section 8502 may be connected inany required manner as detailed in association with FIG. 83 above.

Reference is now made to FIG. 86, showing a perspective view of apartial cross section removable tip section attached to the permanentsection in accordance with one embodiment of the present specification.

When removable section 8502 is securely attached to permanent section8507, first part 8305′ of the tip section distal face, which is part ofremovable section 8502, and second part 8305″ of the tip section distalface, which is part of permanent section 8507, are substantially on thesame plane with minimal or no gap therebetween, and complement eachother to create the full distal face of the tip section. When removablesection 8502 and permanent section 8507 are securely attached, switch8348 of FIG. 85 may be pressed to provide an indication to an operatorof the endoscope. Removable section 8502 and permanent section 8507 maybe released by pressing button 8352, with or without providing anexternal release command.

When removable section 8502 is securely attached to permanent section8507, utilities and equipment may be passed through a working channelformed by channel 8320′ and through elongated section 8308′ andcorresponding channels in permanent section 8507.

According to an aspect of some embodiments, there is provided aninterface unit configured to functionally associate with an endoscopesystem which comprises at least two simultaneously operating imagingchannels associated with at least two corresponding image captureelements or cameras and at least two displays, respectively.

The multi-camera endoscope of the present specification may typicallyprovide the image data or stream collected by the camerassimultaneously, whereas image data or stream from each camera isdelivered by an imaging channel associated exclusively with one camera,respectively. Imaging channels may be physical such as distinct videocables, each video cable being exclusively associated with one camera.Imaging channels may also be virtual, image data or stream from eachcamera being uniquely coded prior to transfer through a single physicalchannel common to all cameras—such as a single video cable—and decodedat the output of the physical channel, thus discriminating the imagestream from each camera. The image stream from each imaging channel maybe displayed simultaneously to the physician on a single display or onseveral displays. A display, or several such displays, may be associatedexclusively with only a single imaging channel.

According to some embodiments, each imaging channel is associatedexclusively with a physical display such as a video screen. Theendoscope may comprise, e.g. three image capture elements or cameras, afirst camera pointing forward substantially along the axis of the unbentprobe, and the second and third cameras pointing sidewise from thataxis, the second camera across from the third camera. According to someembodiments, each of the three respective imaging channels may beassociated with a video screen, wherein the screens are arranged side byside, tilted at an angle relative to each other, substantially along anarc, to form a panoramic view for the physician. Image stream from thefirst camera may thus be displayed on the central screen and imagestream from the second and third cameras may be displayed, e.g., on theright screen and on the left screen, respectively, thus providing to thephysician a more realistic view of the surroundings of the tip of theprobe over a wider solid angle. In other embodiments, the endoscope maycomprise, e.g. two image capture elements or cameras, a first camerapointing forward substantially along the axis of the unbent probe, andthe second camera pointing sidewise from that axis. Accordingly, each ofthe two respective imaging channels may be associated with a videoscreen, wherein the screens are arranged side by side, tilted at anangle relative to each other to form a panoramic view for the physician.

FIGS. 87A and 87B depict schematically an endoscope system 10 and aninterface unit 8700 associated with endoscope system 10, according to anaspect of some embodiments. Endoscope system 10 comprises an endoscope20, a main controller 30 (which may be similar to the main control unit199 of FIG. 1A) connected to endoscope 20 by a utility cable 32 (alsoreferred to as an umbilical tube) and at least two screen displays 40 a,and 40 b, respectively, functionally associated with main controller 30.Endoscope 20 comprises a handle 22 and a distal tip 24 housing at leasttwo image capture elements or cameras 26 a and 26 b, respectively, asdepicted schematically in FIG. 87B.

Cameras 26 a and 26 b are configured to collect still images and videoimages according to a mode of operation selected by a user of endoscopesystem 10. Cameras 26 a and 26 b are associated with respective imagingchannels 50 a and 50 b, implemented by two video cables included withinutility cable 32. Each imaging channel transfers image stream from arespective camera in endoscope 20 to main controller 30. Main controller30 processes independently image stream transferred by each of theimaging channels, for displaying images corresponding to the imagestream, on screen displays 40 a and 40 b, respectively. Main controller30 processes the image stream for display, e.g. using image capturecomponents such as frame grabbers (such as 60 a and 60 b in FIG. 88),each frame grabber being associated with one imaging channel, or usingany technique known in the art for processing image stream received froma camera for displaying a corresponding image. Each frame grabber (suchas 60 a and 60 b in FIG. 88) is functionally enabled to capture andstore (locally or remotely on a networked storage device and/or on anElectronic Health Record (EHR) system) a copy of image frames of each ofthe image streams of the corresponding camera. It should be noted thatwhile in one embodiment (FIG. 88) frame grabbers 60 a, 60 b are in themain controller 30, in alternate embodiments these frame grabbers are inthe interface unit 8700 (such as in image processor 8710 of FIG. 88). Instill alternate embodiments these frame grabber components are locatedin a standalone image management and documentation capture PC. In stillfurther embodiments the frame grabbers are located remotely over anetwork device such as in an EHR.

Thus, screen display 40 a is associated exclusively with imaging channel50 a and therethrough with image capture element or camera 26 a, andscreen display 40 b is associated exclusively with imaging channel 50 band therethrough with image capture element or camera 26 b.

According to some embodiments, endoscope system 10 may comprise threeimaging channels, carrying image stream from three image captureelements or cameras to three screen displays, respectively. Embodimentsof endoscope system 10 comprising any number of imaging channels andcorresponding cameras and screen displays are contemplated.

Endoscope 20 further comprises fluid injectors 28 for cleaning theoptical element of camera 26 a and/or for slightly inflating the bodyconduit in which the tip 24 is advanced. Utility cable 32correspondingly comprises one or more fluid pathways 34 for passing afluid to injectors 28.

Interface unit 8700 is functionally associated with endoscope system 10to process image data or stream received from imaging channels 50 a and50 b and to display a corresponding image on an interface unit display8720. FIG. 88 schematically displays a functional block diagram ofinterface unit 8700 according to some embodiments. Interface unit 8700comprises an image processor 8710 functionally associated with imagingchannels 50 a and 50 b. Interface unit 8700 further comprises interfaceunit display 8720, functionally associated with image processor 8710.Image processor 8710 is configured to process image streams receivedsimultaneously from imaging channel 50 a and from imaging channel 50 b,and to generate images that contain image streams from the imagingchannels. Images generated by image processor 8710 are displayable on asingle display. Thereby, interface unit 8700 is configured to display oninterface unit display 8720 images that include image streams receivedsubstantially simultaneously from imaging channels 50 a and 50 b.

According to some embodiments, image processor 8710 comprises asynchronization module 8730. Synchronization module 8730 is configuredto generate synchronization signals to synchronize image stream receivedthrough imaging channels 50 a and 50 b. For example, in someembodiments, cameras 26 a and 26 b may each comprise a sensor, such asbut not limited to a charge-coupled device (CCD) for image capturing. Insome embodiments, synchronization module 8730 synchronizes image streamreceived through imaging channels 50 a and 50 b by generating a commonclock signal and driving the CCD in camera 26 a and the CCD in camera 26b with the common clock signal. In some embodiments, synchronizationmodule 8730 synchronizes image stream received through imaging channels50 a and 50 b by generating an initiating synchronization signalinitiating the scan in the CCD of camera 26 a and in the CCD of camera26 b at the same instant.

Thus, in various embodiments the image processor 8710 is configured toreceive and synchronize separate image streams received simultaneouslyfrom imaging channel 50 a and from imaging channel 50 b and then sendthe synchronized separate image streams for display on interface unitdisplay 8720.

According to some embodiments, image processor 8710 is configured tosimultaneously receive and synchronize incoming video/image streams fromimaging channels 50 a and 50 b and to generate from the two incomingvideo/image streams a single video/image stream displayable on interfaceunit display 8720. According to some embodiments, reduced-size imagescorresponding to each video stream incoming from imaging channels 50 aand 50 b respectively, are simultaneously displayed on interface unitdisplay 8720. According to some embodiments, the two reduced-size imagescorresponding to imaging channels 50 a and 50 b are displayed oninterface unit display 8720 side by side on one level horizontally.According to some embodiments, the two reduced-size images are arrangedon interface unit display 8720 vertically, substantially one on top ofthe other. According to some embodiments, image processor 8710 isconfigured to generate a single video stream from the two incomingsynchronized video streams substantially in real time.

According to some embodiments, image processor 8710 and interface unitdisplay 8720 are encased together with main controller 30. According tosome embodiments, image processor 8710 is encased together with maincontroller 30 and interface unit display 8720 is encased in a differentcase. According to some embodiments, interface unit display 8720 isconnected with cables to image processor 8710 and, in embodiments inwhich image processor 8710 is encased together with main controller 30,interface unit display 8720 is substantially portable within a limitimposed by the cables. According to some embodiments, interface unitdisplay 8720 is functionally associated with image processor 8710wirelessly. According to some embodiments, image processor 8710 isassembled at a desired location along endoscope 20 between tip 24 andmain controller 30, e.g. inside handle 22.

According to some embodiments, interface unit 8700 further comprises aninterface unit computer 8750, functionally associated with imageprocessor 8710. According to some embodiments, interface unit computer8750 is configured to operate a files managing system comprising a filesstorage module 8760. For example, interface unit computer 8750 may be apersonal computer running a commercially available operating system andcomprising a primary storage module (e.g. RAM) and a secondary storagemodule (e.g. HDD). According to some embodiments, interface unitcomputer 8750 is configured to generate digital files of imagesgenerated by image processor 8710 and to store such files in filesstorage module 8760. Generating a file from an image or from a series ofimages or from a video stream may be accomplished using a suitable,possibly commercially available, computer application.

According to some embodiments, interface unit computer 8750 comprises acommunication channel having a communication interface port 8770configured to allow communication between interface unit computer 8750and a computer network. According to some embodiments, a suitablecommunication channel may employ standard LAN connector andcorrespondingly suitable cables, and additionally or alternatively awireless connection using a WiFi protocol, or any other suitabletechnique for communication between a computer and a computer networkknown in the art. According to some embodiments, communication interfaceport 8770 comprises a video output, e.g. S-video or composite. Accordingto some embodiments, communication interface port 8770 comprises a highdefinition video output, e.g. HDMI.

According to some embodiments, interface unit computer 8750 isconfigured to transfer files generated and stored within interface unitcomputer 8750 to a network computer or another suitable network deviceusing the communication channel and communication interface port 8770.According to some embodiments, files from interface unit computer 8750may be stored in a network computer, and files may be retrieved tointerface unit computer 8750 through communication interface port 8770and associated communication channel. According to some embodiments,communication interface port 8770 may be used to store, in a networkcomputer, a video stream in real time. According to some embodiments,communication interface port 8770 may be used to store, in a networkcomputer, captured still images. According to some embodiments interfaceunit computer 8750 may employ communication interface port 8770 forcommunication with a local network, such as a local computer network ina hospital or in a medical care facility, for storing files with thenetwork and retrieving files therefrom. According to some embodiments,interface unit computer may communicate using communication interfaceport 8770 with an Electronic Medical Records (EHR) application forstoring and retrieving files, video streams, capture images and otherdesired medical records, during an endoscopy procedure. Such an EHRapplication may be accessed, according to some embodiments, through alocal network and, according to some embodiments, through the Internet.According to some embodiments, interface unit 8700 is compatible with anEHR application capable of recording a single video stream using a videointerface such as S-video, composite or a High-Definition videointerface as described above. According to some embodiments,communication interface port 8770 may additionally comprise a standardcommunication port (COM port) of interface computer 8750, forinterfacing with a respective serial port in a network computer.

In operation during an endoscopy procedure, it is sometimes desired torecord a single video frame as a still image. For example, the physicianmay advance the endoscope in a body conduit while video images arecontinuously recorded. When the physician identifies a site ofparticular interest—for example a local tumor in the body conduit—thephysician may wish to take a still image of the tumor. Endoscope system10 comprises an actuator, such as imaging switch 8780, the activation ofwhich commands image processor 8710 to freeze the video display ondisplays 40 a and 40 b and on interface unit display 8720. In variousembodiments, the actuator 8780 can be a button on the handle of theendoscope, a visual indicator or icon on the interface unit displaytouchscreen 8720 or a footswitch. Activation of imaging switch 8780further commands a plurality of frame grabbers (that are located in theimage processor 8710 in accordance with an embodiment), to capture andstore (locally in file storage module 8760 or remotely via communicationinterface port 8770) the frozen images on displays 40 a and 40 b to anEHR system through communication interface port 8770. When actuator orimaging switch 8780 is activated, image processor 8710 generates, for apre-determined time period T, which may be for any time period but isbetween 0.25 and 1 second, a video stream comprising substantially asingle image or frame that is the image which is frozen on display 40 a.In one embodiment the pre-determined time period T is greater than 0.05seconds. In another embodiment the pre-determined time period T isgreater than 0.1 seconds. In alternate embodiments the pre-determinedtime period is 0.1 seconds, 0.2 seconds or any 0.1 second incrementsthereof but less than or equal to 1 second. Subsequently, when thepre-determined time period T ends, a second single image is generated byimage processor 8710, which is the frozen image on display 40 b. Itshould be appreciated that in embodiments of an endoscope systemcomprising three imaging channels associated with three image captureelements or cameras, a third single image is further generated by imageprocessor 8710, when another pre-determined period T ends, which is thefrozen image on a third display. Thus, a stream of captured two (ormore, such as three) still images of frames of a particular site ofinterest selected by the physician during an endoscopy procedure may bestored sequentially, as an integral part of a video stream communicatedfrom endoscope system 10 to an EHR system through communicationinterface port 8770. Such still images may also contain metadata, suchas textual or other identification data, inserted thereon by imagingprocessor 8710, identifying each image as corresponding to camera 26 a(and display 40 a) or to camera 26 b (and display 40 b).

Thus, according to some embodiments, interface unit 8700 is configuredto receive through two or more, such as three imaging channels 50 a and50 b, two or more, such as three video/image streams associated with two(or more) views generated by endoscope 20. In one embodiment, theinterface unit integrates with the hospital system or an EHR systemusing a protocol such as TCP/IP or file transfer. In another embodiment,the interface unit 8700 does not integrate with the hospital systemusing a protocol such as TCP/IP or file transfer. Rather, in oneembodiment, the interface unit 8700 outputs a new single video streamthat is a combination of the multiple (left, center and right when thereare three) synchronized video/image streams and which also containsmetadata or additional information on the video/image stream. Thismetadata also includes patient information, if such information has beenentered by the user. Interface unit 8700 is configured to generate asingle video stream comprising images associated with image stream inthe two or more incoming video streams, and to display the singlesynchronized video stream on interface unit display 8720. Activation ofthe actuator 8780 causes the image processor 8710 to display, oninterface unit display 8720, a single frozen/still image or framecorresponding to the first of the two (or more, such as three) videostreams for the pre-determined period T and enable capturing and storingof the still image or frame using frame grabbers. Subsequently, thesecond of the two (or second and thereafter third of three) videostreams are displayed, on display 8720, frozen for the pre-determinedtime period T, and thereafter captured and stored (locally in filestorage module 8760 or remotely on a network storage device, such asthat of an EHR system, via communication interface port 8770) usingframe grabbers.

Thus, stills images are stored sequentially, as an integral part of avideo stream communicated from endoscope system 10 to an EHR systemthrough communication interface port 8770. Such still images may alsocontain metadata, such as textual or other identification data, insertedthereon by imaging processor 8710, identifying each image ascorresponding to a particular one of two, three or more cameras.

Interface unit 8700 is yet further configured to generate and to store,in file storage module 8760, files associated with a single video streamgenerated as described above. In one embodiment, the interface unit 8700is configured to communicate with a computer network through acommunication interface port 8770 for storing a single video streamcomprising images associated with the at least two views provided byendoscope 20, whereas the single video stream is communicated to thecomputer network substantially in real time as an endoscopic procedureis carried out.

Embodiments of endoscope system 10 comprising two imaging channels asdescribed above are provided herein as a non-limiting example only. Itshould be understood that an interface unit, such as interface unit 8700and compatible, according to the teachings herein, with an endoscopesystem having more than two imaging channels, e.g. having three or fourimaging channels corresponding to three or four image capture elementsor having any number of imaging channels, is contemplated.

In one embodiment, the interface unit is associated with an endoscopesystem comprising three imaging channels corresponding to three imagecapture elements or cameras. The interface unit is able to receive andindependently capture three separate video streams from the endoscope.In this embodiment, the interface unit is capable of recording these asseparate video files (left, center, right) or capturing three separatestill JPEG files (left, center, right). It does this by use of threedistinct video capture devices or frame grabbers, one for each incomingstream. The software included in the interface unit is able toindependently control how these images or video files are recorded tohard disk locally or remotely, such as in a remote storage device of anEHR system. For purposes of the current embodiment, all three streamsare controlled independently but are triggered simultaneously.

The interface unit includes an interface unit display 8720 fordisplaying the incoming video streams. In one embodiment, the interfaceunit display 8720 is a 1080p display. In one embodiment, the displayincludes a DVI output that can be converted to any number of other videoformats using external converter devices. This stream is sent to animage management and documentation capture PC. When the user triggers animage capture event (that is, they want to save two still images fromthe two independent image streams or three still images from the threeindependent streams), by activating the actuator 8780, the interfaceunit 8700 captures and saves the images immediately. Persons of ordinaryskill in the art should appreciate that the actuator 8780 can be abutton on the handle of the endoscope, a visual indicator or icon on theinterface unit display touchscreen 8720 or a footswitch. In oneembodiment, the image capture event is triggered by pressing a button onthe handle of the endoscope. In another embodiment, the image captureevent is triggered by pressing a button on the interface unit or avisual indicator icon on the interface unit display touchscreen 8720. Inanother embodiment, the image capture event is triggered by pressing afootswitch. The interface unit 8700 then changes its own display 8720 todisplay a first single still image only and sends a trigger pulse to theimage management and documentation capture PC. In one embodiment, thereis a serial data connection between the interface unit 8700 and thecapture PC. The interface unit 8700 then changes its own display 8720 todisplay a second single still image and sends another trigger pulse tothe capture PC. The process is then repeated for the third still image.As a result, full screen left, center and right individual images areput on the video stream sequentially for the image management capture PCto grab using its image capturing component or frame grabber (that inone embodiment are located in the image management capture PC). Thispreserves the original native aspect ratios of the still images. All ofthis is done transparent to the user and no additional cropping or otherimage manipulation is needed.

In one embodiment, the interface unit does not generate the image orvideo files itself. Rather, the image and video files are generated fromthe video streams by the capture PC. In another embodiment, theinterface unit generates the image and video files itself. In oneembodiment, the interface unit includes a file storage module. Theimages are saved to a hard disk drive on the interface unit. The imagesare organized based on the procedure number (this is automaticallygenerated each time a capture event is triggered) and also the number insequence that the photos were taken (2nd captured image, 3rd capturedimage) and also the orientation of the image (left, center, or right).In one embodiment, the video files are organized in the same manner andare also saved to a hard disk drive on the interface panel.

In various embodiments, other document systems, such as, Provation orOlympus EndoBase, receive the incoming video stream into their videocapture cards. As mentioned above, this video signal comes from the DVIoutput of the interface unit and, if necessary, is converted to either astandard definition video signal (down-converted to S-Video orComposite) or to a 1080p signal using an HD-SDI protocol. This isdecided by the capabilities of the video capture card that is inside thereceiving documentation system computer. In one embodiment, theinterface unit includes a “footswitch” type protocol that outputs from aserial communications port (COM port). This protocol involves changingthe state of PIN 4 on a standard 9-pin RS-232 connection. A NULL ModemCable (9-pin RS-232) is connected between the output COM port on theinterface unit and an incoming COM port on the receiving documentationsystem computer. When a capture event is triggered, the interface unitssends the capture PC a “footswitch” type trigger pulse (as mentionedearlier) so the capture PC can capture a frame of video from theoutgoing video stream.

In one optional embodiment, the communication between the interface unitand the image management and communication system capture PC is in onedirection from the interface unit to the capture PC. Thus, optionally,the interface unit does not receive information from the documentationsystem. In another optional embodiment, the interface unit does not sendany data to the documentation system other than the trigger pulse.

In some embodiments, the communication between interface unit 8700 andmain controller 30 is bi-directional. Known protocols, such as DigitalImaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) or HDMI, may be used forthe communication of High Definition (HD) images, among otherinformation, between interface unit 8700 and main controller 30. Onceinterface unit 8700 is connected to main controller 30 and activatedduring an endoscopic procedure, both devices—main controller 30 andinterface unit 8700 may display their connection status, indicating theyare ‘connected’ to each other. The display may be any type of displaysuch as but not limited to an LED display or the display may be in theform of a visual indicator icon on the interface unit display 8720 andsimultaneously on a similar display area/screen on the main controller30.

In various embodiments, main controller 30 includes displays, such asLED displays, or visual indicator icons on a main controller displayscreen similar to the interface unit display 8720, to indicate one ormore of—capture of one or more images (such as, frozen or still imagesduring video capture) by interface unit 8700; recording status of avideo stream that is received and stored by interface unit 8700 in filesstorage module 8760; or any other function performed by interface unit8700, which may be of interest to the physician or any other operator ofendoscope system 10.

In various embodiments, interface unit 8700 initiates and stopsrecording of video streams received from endoscope 20 through imagingchannels 50 a and 50 b. In some embodiments, the start and stopfunctions for recording of video streams is enabled through theinterface unit display 8720 which is a touch screen. In variousembodiments, the interface unit 8700 may compress the images and/or therecorded videos for transmission over the network through communicationsinterface port 8770. Compression involves reducing data size, usuallythrough encoding, and comprises encoding formats such as JPEG, MPEG-x,H.26x, etc. In some embodiments, interface unit 8700 may display aprogress of image or video exports to a remote networked system, such asan EMR. The display may be an export progress visual indicator such as adialog box or progress icon shown on interface unit display 8720, an LEDdisplay, or any other type of display that could indicate exportprogress.

FIG. 89 schematically depicts a layout of an endoscope system 8810 andan associated interface unit 8900 deployed in an operating room,according to an aspect of some embodiments. A patient 8880 is supportedon a bed 8882 and a physician 8884 is employing an endoscope 8820 ofendoscope system 8810 in an endoscopic procedure. An assistant 8886assists physician 8884 on the other side of bed 8882 across fromphysician 8884.

Endoscope 8820 is connected to a main controller 8830 by a utility cable8832. Endoscope 8820 provides three simultaneous endoscopic views usingthree cameras housed in the tip of endoscope 8820. Main controller 8830is connected to three display screens, 8840 a, 8840 b, and 8840 c,respectively, wherein each display screen is configured to display acorresponding view of the three endoscopic views provided by endoscopesystem 8810, substantially as described above. Display screens 8840 arepositioned facing physician 8884 and possibly elevated so that physician8884 may conduct the endoscopic procedure by looking at the screendisplays and having an undisturbed line of site thereto.

Interface unit 8900 comprises an image processor encased with maincontroller 8830, and an interface unit display 8920 functionallyassociated with the image processor 8910. The image processorsimultaneously receives image data associated with the three viewsprovided by endoscope 8820 from three respective imaging channels andgenerates images comprising image data from the three views, whereas theimages are displayable on interface unit display 8920. For example, thethree cameras of endoscope 8820 may provide three incoming videostreams, respectively, and the image processor may then generate asingle video stream comprising image data from the three incoming videostreams, substantially as described above.

According to some embodiments, interface unit display 8920 isfunctionally associated with the image processor encased with maincontroller 8830 by a cable. In some embodiments, interface unit display8920 is wirelessly associated with the image processor. According tosome embodiments, interface unit display 8920 is substantially portableand may be deployed in a multitude of positions within the operatingroom. Moreover, according to some embodiments, interface unit display8920 may be easily displaced from position to position within theoperating room during a procedure. For example, interface unit display8920 b or 8920 c may be positioned so that both physician 8884 andassistant 8886 can watch the screen thereof, or interface unit display8920 a may be positioned facing assistant 8886.

In some embodiments, interface unit 8900 comprises an interface unitcomputer, functionally associated with main controller 8830 and with theimage processor encased therewith, and having substantially similarrespective functionality to that of interface unit computer 8750 of FIG.88 above.

In some embodiments, interface unit 8900 comprises a user interfacemodule 8922 associated with interface unit display 8920, and assistant8886 may employ user interface module 8922 to command interface unit8900 and/or interface unit computer, and/or endoscope system 8810. Forexample, assistant 8886 may employ user interface module 8922 to inputand store, in the interface unit computer, patient-related textualinformation, such as relevant biographical data, before or during anendoscopic procedure. According to some embodiments, user interfacemodule 8922 comprises a touch screen 8924.

According to some embodiments, interface unit computer may communicatewith a computer network, substantially as described above and using anaccess point 8890 installed in the operating room and allowing access tosuch a computer network. Access point 8890 may comprise a LAN connectorto which the interface unit computer is connected through a LAN cable.According to some embodiments, access point 8890 may be a WiFi modemwith which the interface unit computer may communicate wirelessly.

Thus, according to an aspect of some embodiments and referringsimultaneously to FIGS. 87A through 89, there is provided an interfaceunit (8700, 8900) configured to functionally associate with an endoscopesystem (10, 8810) which comprises at least two simultaneously operatingimaging channels (50 a, 50 b) associated with at least two displays (40a, 40 b in FIGS. 87A and 88; 8840 a, 8840 b, and 8840 c in FIG. 89),respectively. The interface unit comprises an image processor (8710)functionally associated with the at least two imaging channels, andconfigured to generate images comprising image data receivedsimultaneously from the at least two imaging channels. The interfaceunit further comprises an interface unit display (8720 in FIGS. 87A and88, 8920 in FIG. 89), functionally associated with the image processor.Images generated by the image processor and comprising image data fromthe at least two imaging channels are displayable on the interface unitdisplay.

According to some embodiments, each imaging channel is associated withan image capturing device (26 a, 26 b), respectively.

According to some embodiments, the interface unit display issubstantially portable.

According to some embodiments, the interface unit display isfunctionally associated with the image processor wirelessly.

According to some embodiments, the image capturing devices may capturevideo images, and the image data in each of the at least two imagingchannels comprise an incoming video stream corresponding to videoimages. The image processor is configured to generate a single videostream displayable on the interface unit display, so that reduced-sizeimages corresponding to each incoming video stream are simultaneouslydisplayed on the interface unit display. According to some embodiments,the image processor is configured to generate a single video stream fromthe at least two incoming video streams substantially in real time.

According to some embodiments, the interface unit further comprises aninterface unit computer (8750) operating a files managing system andcomprising a files storage module (8760), wherein the interface unitcomputer is configured to generate and store, in the files storagemodule, files of images generated by the image processor.

According to some embodiments, the interface unit further comprises auser interface module (8922) allowing a user to command the computer.According to some embodiments, the user interface module comprises atouch screen (8924).

According to some embodiments, the interface unit further comprises acommunication channel comprising a communication interface port (8770)configured to allow communication between the interface unit computerand a computer network at least for transferring files between theinterface unit computer and the computer network. According to someembodiments, the computer network is a local computer network. Accordingto some embodiments, the local computer network is a hospital network.According to some embodiments, the computer network is the Internet.

According to some embodiments, the communication channel comprises a LANcommunication interface port, and operates an Internet Protocol.According to some embodiments, the communication channel comprises aWiFi communication interface port. According to some embodiments, thecommunication channel comprises a video/audio communication interfaceport, configured for outputting a video stream. According to someembodiments, the communication interface port comprises an S-video or acomposite port. According to some embodiments, the communicationinterface port comprises an HDMI port.

According to some embodiments, the interface unit is configured tocommunicate through the communication interface port to a networkcomputer, substantially in real time, a video stream generated by theimage processor. According to some embodiments, the image processor isconfigured, when commanded, to capture a substantially single videoframe in each of the imaging channels at the moment of the command andto communicate through the communication interface port to a networkcomputer, a video stream comprising sequentially, still images of thesingle video frames wherein each such still image is included in thevideo stream for a pre-determined time period.

According to some embodiments, the interface unit further comprises asynchronization module (8730) functionally associated with at least twoof the image capturing devices, and configured for generating asynchronization signal for synchronizing incoming video streams in theimaging channels corresponding to the at least two image capturingdevices.

FIG. 90 details how the video controller or the controller circuit board9020 of the main controller 30 of FIG. 87A (which may be similar to themain control unit 199 of FIG. 1A) operatively connects with theendoscope 9010 and the display units 9050. Referring to FIG. 90, videocontroller/controller circuit board 9020 comprises a camera board 9021that controls the power supplies to the LEDs 9011, transmits controlsfor the operation of image sensor(s) 9012 (comprising one or morecameras) in the endoscope, and converts pre-video signals from imagesensors to standard video signals. The image sensor 9012 may be a chargecoupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)imager. The camera board 9021 receives pre-video signal(s) 9013generated by the CCD imager and also other remote commands 9014 from theendoscope 9010.

Controller circuit board 9020 further comprises elements for processingthe video obtained from the image sensors 9012 through the camera board9021, as well as other elements for system monitoring and control.

All these elements are connected with the Base Board Module 9052, whichis a PCB. In one embodiment, elements which are ICs (IntegratedCircuits) are connected by soldering, element 9026 (SOM or System onModule) is connected by mounting, while all other elements are connectedby means of cables.

Various elements on the Base Board Module 9052 are described as follows:

FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) 9023:

FPGA 9023 is a logic device programmed specifically for the systemrequirements and performs tasks that may be categorized by two types:logic tasks which are preferably implemented by hardware (as opposed tosoftware), and logic tasks related to video image processing. In oneembodiment, the Base Board Module 9052 includes one or more double datarate type three synchronous dynamic random access memory modules (DDR3)9033 in communication with the FPGA 9023.

Logic tasks which are preferably implemented by hardware include, butare not limited to:

1. Initializing some Base Board Module's 9052 ICs upon system power-up;

2. Monitoring the buttons 9040 for White Balance, LED on/off, Air Flow,and Power on/off on the front-panel 9035;

3. Monitoring SOM's 9026 proper operation using a watch-dog mechanism;

4. Backing-up some of the system's parameters (example: airflow level),even while the system is switched off; and

5. Communicating with the Camera Board 9021.

Logic tasks related to video image processing and which are implementedby software or hardware include, but are not limited to:

1. Multiplexing video inputs—Each of the multiple imaging elements hasseveral video interfaces which are multiplexed via Video Input Interface9051. Further, several auxiliaries are multiplexed via Auxiliary VideoInput Interface 9025.

2. Optional digital signal processor (DSP) 9022 playback output and DSPrecord input.

3. Internal test pattern to video outputs via Video Output Interface9024 to multiple displays.

4. Conversion between cameras' video standard to display video standard.

5. OSD (On Screen Display) insertion, also known as graphic overlay.

6. PIP (Picture-in-Picture).

7. Stitching images from several cameras into one image displayed on asingle screen.

8. Image adjustments, such as brightness, contrast, etc.

DSP (Digital Signal Processor) 9022:

DSP 9022 is used for recording compressed (coded) video and playing backdecompressed (decoded) video. In one embodiment, the standard ofcompressed video is H264 or equivalent (such as MPEG).

Operationally, FPGA 9023 selects for the DSP 9022 the desired video tobe recorded, i.e. any of the inputs, or, more likely, a copy of one ormore of the screens. In the latter case, this includes the OSD andformat conversion. In the likely case of the screen's format differingfrom that of DSP's 9022 required video input format, the FPGA 9023 alsoconverts the screen's format to the desired DSP 9022 format whiletransmitting video to the DSP 9022.

Auxiliary Video Input Interface 9025:

In one embodiment, the video input to the Auxiliary Video InputInterface 9025 may comprise analog video, such as in CVBS (color, video,blanking, sync), S-Video or YP_(B)P_(R) format or digital video (DVI),and may be displayed as such.

SOM (System on Module) 9026:

The SOM 9026 provides an interface to input devices such as keyboard,mouse, and touchscreen via Touch I/F 9027. Through these input devices,together with the buttons 9040 in the Front Panel 9035, the usercontrols the system's functionality and operational parameters. In oneembodiment, a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) busconnects the SOM 9026 with the FPGA 9023. Most common types of datatraffic over the PCIe are:

a. SOM 9026 to FPGA 9023: Commands (for example, when the user changesoperational parameters); and

b. FPGA 9023 to SOM 9026: Registers values, which provide an indicationof the internal status, and captured images.

Other Functionalities:

The controller circuit board 9020 may further control one or more fluid,liquid and/or suction pump(s) which supply corresponding functionalitiesto the endoscope through pneumatic I/F 9028, pump 9029 and check valve9030. The controller circuit board 9020 further comprises an on-boardpower supply 9045 and a front panel 9035 which provides operationalbuttons 9040 for the user.

The camera board 9021 receives video signal 9013 which, in oneembodiment, comprises three video feeds, corresponding to video pickupsby three endoscopic tip viewing elements (one front and two side-lookingviewing elements), as generated by the image sensor 9012. In oneembodiment, the three video feed pickups, corresponding to the threeviewing elements (the front-looking, left-side looking and right-sidelooking viewing elements) of an endoscopic tip (such as the threeviewing elements of the tip section 200 of FIG. 2A or 2B), are displayedon three respective monitors.

FIG. 91A shows a configuration 9100 of three monitors to display threevideo feeds respectively, from a front and two side-looking viewingelements of an endoscopic tip, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification. The configuration 9100 comprises a left-sidemonitor 9105, a center monitor 9110 and right-side monitor 9115 placedside-by-side, in a serial horizontal sequence or contiguously such thatthe respective horizontal bottom edges 9106, 9111, 9116 are aligned orat the substantially same level. In other words, the geometric centersor centroids of the three monitors 9105, 9110 and 9115 are maintained atthe substantially same level ‘L1’. In accordance with an embodiment, thecenter monitor 9110 is a square-screen monitor while the left andright-side monitors 9105, 9115 are rectangular or wide-screen monitors.Additionally, in one embodiment, the wide-screen/rectangular monitors9105, 9115 are oriented such that their longer edges 9106, 9116 arehorizontal.

Persons of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that theembodiments of the present specification are directed to both stillimages as well as video signals (referred to hereinafter as ‘imagefeeds’) generated by the viewing elements of the endoscopic tip.Therefore, it is an intent of the inventors that the term ‘video’ shouldbe understood to encompass both still images as well as moving imagesand videos. In other words, the aforementioned three video feedscomprise both still image as well as video signals. Also, as would beevident to those of ordinary skill in the art, monitors or displaypanels are measured/sized in several ways, one of which is by aspectratios. The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of the width of theimage to its height. Conventional aspect ratios include, but are notlimited to, 4:3, 1.33:1, 2.35:1, 1.85:1, 1.78:1, 16:9, 3:2, or 5:4. Asis conventionally known, monitors have an aspect ratio that is optimizedfor specific viewing material, referred to as a native aspect ratio.Images shown in the monitor's native aspect ratio will utilize theentire resolution of the display and achieve maximum brightness. Imagesshown in an aspect ratio other than the monitor's native aspect ratiomay have comparatively less resolution and less brightness. Examples of‘square format’ aspect ratios typically comprise 4:3 and 5:4, whileexample ‘rectangular’ or ‘wide-screen’ aspect ratios typically comprise16:9 and 16:10.

In one embodiment, the center monitor 9110 displays the video feedpickup by the front-looking viewing element while the left andright-side monitors 9105, 9115 display video feeds from the twoside-looking viewing elements of the endoscopic tip. The three videofeeds are generated in native or standard square formats having aspectratios such as 4:3 or 5:4. While the square center monitor 9110 displaysthe square formatted video feed 9102 of the front-looking viewingelement on full screen without distortion, the wide-screen orrectangular left and right-side monitors 9105, 9115 would either displaythe square formatted video feeds (from the two side-looking viewingelements) only on a part of the wide-screen or would require the 4:3 or5:4 aspect ratio of the square formatted video feeds to be modified ormodulated to fill up the entire wide-screen of the monitors 9105, 9115,causing unacceptable distortion of the videos and therefore adverselyaffecting their diagnostic value. Therefore, in accordance with anaspect of the present specification, a main control unit (such as themain controller 30 of FIG. 87A) processes the native or square formattedvideo feeds for appropriate on-screen display.

In one embodiment, the two square formatted video feeds 9101, 9103corresponding to the two side-looking viewing elements are processed fordisplay such that the video 9101 is skewed or displayed right-aligned orright-skewed on the left-side monitor 9105 and the video 9103 isdisplayed left-aligned or left-skewed on the right-side monitor 9115.Persons of ordinary skill in the art should appreciated that “skewing”of the image feeds means aligning with a border of the monitor such thatthe image is not centered in the screen, but rather justified to eitherthe left, right, bottom, or top side. In one embodiment, the aspectratios of the square formatted video feeds 9101, 9103 are not modulatedcausing portions 641, 643 of the screens 9105, 9115 to be devoid ofvideo. In other embodiments, the aspect ratios of 4:3 or 5:4 of the twosquare formatted video feeds 9101, 9103 of the two side-looking viewingelements are partially modulated or modified by an optimal percentage‘p’ that allows the two video feeds 9101, 9103 to stretch along thelength dimension of the wide-screens 9105, 9110 while ensuring minimaldistortion. In accordance with an embodiment, the optimal percentage ‘p’is not more than 30%. In other embodiments, the optimal percentage ‘p’is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30% or any increment therein. Since amodulation of ‘p’ stretches the two video feeds 9101, 9103 along thelength of the wide-screens 9105, 9115 the portions 9141, 9143 areprogressively reduced in terms of area with an increase in modulation ofthe video feeds displayed.

Additionally, the three video feeds 9101, 9102, 9103 corresponding tothe front-looking and two side-looking viewing elements of theendoscopic tip are processed for on-screen display such that all threevideos 9101, 9102, 9103 on the three monitors 9105, 9110 and 9115 aredisplayed at the same level vertically.

FIG. 91B shows another configuration 9125 of three monitors to displaythree video feeds 9101, 9102, 9103 respectively from the front and twoside-looking viewing elements of the endoscopic tip, in accordance withan embodiment of the present specification. In configuration 9125 allthree monitors, that is, the left-side monitor 9105, center monitor 9110and right-side monitor 9115, are rectangular or wide-screen monitors. Inone embodiment, the center monitor 9110 displays the video feed 9102picked up by the front-looking viewing element while the left andright-side monitors 9105, 9115 display video feeds 9101, 9103 from thetwo side-looking viewing elements of the endoscopic tip. The three videofeeds 9101, 9102, 9103 are in native or standard square formats havingaspect ratios such as 4:3 or 5:4.

In accordance with an embodiment, while the left and right-side monitors9105, 9115 are oriented such that their longer edges 9106, 9116 arehorizontal, the center monitor 9110 is oriented vertically such that itsshorter edge 9112 remains horizontal and the longer edge 9111 isvertical. In one embodiment, the three monitors 9105, 9110, 9115 areplaced side-by-side or contiguously such that the respective bottomedges 9106, 9112, and 9116 are aligned or at the substantially samelevel ‘L2’. The configuration 625, therefore, causes the center monitor9110 to appear raised with respect to the left and right-side monitors9105, 9115.

In one embodiment, the two square formatted video feeds 9101, 9103corresponding to the two side-looking viewing elements are processed fordisplay such that the video 9101 is displayed right-aligned on theleft-side monitor 9105 and the video 9103 is displayed left-aligned onthe right-side monitor 9115. The square formatted video feed 9102corresponding to the front-looking viewing element is processed to berotated for proper viewing and also vertically bottom-aligned fordisplay on the center monitor 9110. The respective alignments of thevideo feeds 9101, 9102, 9103 on the three monitors 9105, 9110 and 9115ensure that the videos 9101, 9102, 9103 are displayed at substantiallythe same level.

FIG. 91C shows configuration 9130 in accordance with another embodiment.In configuration 9130 all three monitors, that is, the left-side monitor9105, center monitor 9110 and right-side monitor 9115, are rectangularor wide-screen monitors. In one embodiment, the center monitor 9110displays the video feed 9102 picked up by the front-looking viewingelement while the left and right-side monitors 9105, 9115 display videofeeds 9101, 9103 from the two side-looking viewing elements of theendoscopic tip. The three video feeds 9101, 9102, 9103 are in native orstandard square formats having aspect ratios such as 4:3 or 5:4. Inaccordance with an embodiment, while the left and right-side monitors9105, 9115 are oriented such that their longer edges 9106, 9116 arehorizontal, the center monitor 9110 is oriented vertically such that itsshorter edge 9112 remains horizontal and the longer edge 9111 isvertical. The three monitors 9105, 9110, 9115 are placed side-by-side orcontiguously such that the respective top edges 9107, 9113 and 9117 arealigned or at the substantially same level ‘L3’. The configuration 9130,therefore, causes the center monitor 9110 to appear lowered with respectto the left and right-side monitors 9105, 9115.

In one embodiment, the two square formatted video feeds 9101, 9103corresponding to the two side-looking viewing elements are processed fordisplay such that the video 9101 is displayed right-aligned on theleft-side monitor 9105 and the video 9103 is displayed left-aligned onthe right-side monitor 9115. The square formatted video feed 9102corresponding to the front-looking viewing element is processed to berotated for proper viewing and also vertically top-aligned for displayon the center monitor 9110. The respective alignments of the video feeds9101, 9102, 9103 on the three monitors 9105, 9110 and 9115 ensure thatthe videos 9101, 9102, 9103 are displayed at substantially the samelevel.

FIG. 91D shows configuration 9135 in accordance with yet anotherembodiment. In configuration 9135 all three monitors, that is, theleft-side monitor 9105, center monitor 9110 and right-side monitor 9115,are rectangular or wide-screen monitors. In one embodiment, the centermonitor 9110 displays the video feed 9102 picked up by the front-lookingviewing element while the left and right-side monitors 9105, 9115display video feeds 9101, 9103 from the two side-looking viewingelements of the endoscopic tip. The three video feeds 9101, 9102, 9103are in native or standard square formats having aspect ratios such as4:3 or 5:4. In accordance with an embodiment, while the left andright-side monitors 9105, 9115 are oriented such that their longer edges9106, 9116 are horizontal, the center monitor 9110 is orientedvertically such that its shorter edge 9112 remains horizontal and thelonger edge 9111 is vertical. Additionally, the three monitors 9105,9110, 9115 are placed side-by-side or contiguously such that theirgeometric centers or centroids are maintained at the substantially samelevel ‘L4’. The configuration 9135, therefore, causes the center monitor9110 to appear vertically in a middle position with respect to the leftand right-side monitors 9105, 9115.

In one embodiment, the two square formatted video feeds 9101, 9103corresponding to the two side-looking viewing elements are processed fordisplay such that the video 9101 is displayed right-aligned on theleft-side monitor 9105 and the video 9103 is displayed left-aligned onthe right-side monitor 9115. The square formatted video feed 9102corresponding to the front-looking viewing element is processed to berotated for proper viewing and also vertically center-aligned fordisplay on the center monitor 9110. The respective alignments of thevideo feeds 9101, 9102, 9103 on the three monitors 9105, 9110 and 9115ensure that the videos 9101, 9102, and 9103 are displayed atsubstantially the same level.

FIG. 91E shows configuration 9140 in accordance with yet anotherembodiment. In configuration 9140 all three monitors, that is, theleft-side monitor 9105, center monitor 9110 and right-side monitor 9115,are rectangular or wide-screen monitors. In one embodiment, the centermonitor 9110 displays the video feed 9102 picked up by the front-lookingviewing element while the left and right-side monitors 9105, 9115display video feeds 9101, 9103 from the two side-looking viewingelements of the endoscopic tip. The three video feeds 9101, 9102, 9103are in native or standard square formats having aspect ratios such as4:3 or 5:4. In accordance with an embodiment, the three monitors 9105,9110 and 9115 are oriented vertically such that their shorter edges9109, 9112, 9118 remain horizontal and the longer edges 9106, 9111, 9116are vertical. Additionally, the three monitors 9105, 9110, 9115 areplaced side-by-side or contiguously such that their geometric centers orcentroids are maintained at the substantially same level ‘L5’.

In one embodiment, the three square formatted video feeds 9101, 9102,9103 corresponding to the front-looking and the two side-looking viewingelements are processed to be rotated for proper viewing and alsobottom-aligned in one embodiment (as shown in FIG. 91E) and top-alignedin an alternate embodiment for display. The respective alignments of thevideo feeds 9101, 9102, 9103 on the three monitors 9105, 9110 and 9115ensure that the videos 9101, 9102, 9103 are displayed at substantiallythe same level.

While configuration 9100 of FIG. 91A causes portions 9141, 9143 of theleft and right-side wide-screen monitors 9105, 9115 to be devoid ofvideo, configurations 9125, 9130, 9135 and 9140 of FIGS. 91B through91E, respectively, additionally cause portions 9150 and 9151 (relatingto configuration 9135 of FIG. 91D) of the center monitor 9110 to be alsodevoid of video since, in configurations 9125, 9130, 9135 and 9140native or square formatted video feed 9102 corresponding to thefront-looking viewing element is displayed on a rectangular orwide-screen center monitor 9110. Referring to FIGS. 91B through 91E, inone embodiment, the aspect ratios of the three square formatted videofeeds 9101, 9102, 9103 (corresponding to the front-looking and twoside-looking viewing elements of the endoscopic tip) are not modulated,causing portions 9141, 9150, 9151 (relating to configuration 9135 ofFIG. 91D) and 9143 of the respective screens 9105, 9110 and 9115 to bedevoid of video. In other embodiments, the aspect ratios of 4:3 or 5:4of the three square formatted video feeds 9101, 9102, 9103 are partiallymodulated or modified by an optimal percentage ‘p’ that allows the threevideo feeds 9101, 9102, 9103 to stretch along the length/longerdimension of the wide-screens 9105, 9110 and 9115 while ensuring minimaldistortion. In accordance with an embodiment, the optimal percentage ‘p’is not more than 30%. In other embodiments, the optimal percentage ‘p’is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30% or any increment therein. Since amodulation of ‘p’ stretches the three video feeds 9101, 9102, 9103 alongthe length of the wide-screens 9105, 9110 and 9115 the portions 9141,9142 and 9143 are progressively reduced in terms of area with anincrease in modulation of the video feeds displayed.

In accordance with an aspect of the present specification (and withreference to FIGS. 91A through 91E), the portions 9141, 9150, 9151(relating to configuration 9135 of FIG. 91D) and 9143 are advantageouslyutilized to display a plurality of patient related information and/ordata. In one embodiment, the patient related information and/or datacomprises a plurality of real-time physiological parameters such aspatient's pulse rate, oxygen levels, blood pressure or any other vitalphysiological parameters as would be evident to persons of ordinaryskill in the art. In one embodiment, the patient related informationand/or data comprises archived images/videos of endoscopic proceduresand/or related anatomical anomalies (such as polyps, for example) of thepatient. In one embodiment, the physiological parameters are combinedwith or toggled with previously archived images/videos of an endoscopicprocedure similar to the one being carried out and displayed on thescreens 9105, 9110 and 9115. This provides a physician with an advantageto compare the anatomical views of previous endoscopic procedures withthose of the current procedure to diagnose and/or review anomaliesand/or improvements thereof. In one embodiment, the plurality of patientrelated information and/or data is accessed from electronic storagememory of a main control unit and/or from a local and/or remote hospitalwhere the patient's records are being maintained.

In accordance with an aspect of the present specification, the threemonitors 9105, 9110 and 9115 of FIGS. 91A through 91E together provide apanoramic view based on an overlap between fields of view of the threeviewing elements (front-looking and the two side-looking viewingelements). FIG. 94 shows an example of a panoramic view portrayed by thethree monitors 9405, 9410 and 9415 that respectively display video feedsgenerated by a left-side, front and a right-side viewing element of anendoscopic tip. Portions 9420 and 9425 show images that fall within anoverlap between fields of view of the three viewing elements. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the image feed overlaps of portions 9420,9425 are eliminated to remove redundancies in the overlapping fields ofview.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present specification, the threemonitors 9105, 9110 and 9115 of FIGS. 91A through 91E are placedside-by-side or contiguously in a linear fashion. That is, the threemonitors 9105, 9110 and 9115 are not placed at an angle to each other.However, in accordance with alternate embodiments, the left andright-side monitors 9105, 9115 are angled with reference to the centermonitor 9110. Such angled configurations are being described hereunderwith reference to FIGS. 92A and 92B.

FIG. 92A shows an embodiment according to the present specificationwhere three monitors 9205, 9210 and 9215 are placed side-by-side orcontiguously in a non-linear configuration 9200. In one embodiment, thethree monitors 9205, 9210 and 9215 display video feeds 9201, 9202, 9203from corresponding front-looking and two side-looking viewing elementsof an endoscopic tip. In one embodiment, the left and right-sidemonitors 9205, 9215 are oriented at an angle ‘N’ with reference to the(plane of the) center monitor 9210 and towards a viewer. The non-linearconfiguration 9200 advantageously simulates and portrays an actualgreater than 180 degree field of view offered together by afront-looking and two side-looking viewing elements of an endoscopictip. Thus, the video feeds 9201, 9203 from the two side-looking viewingelements having been picked up from the two respective sides of, andfrom slightly behind, the front-looking viewing element, arecorrespondingly displayed on the left and right-side monitors 9205, 9215and slightly closer to the viewer due to the angle ‘N’. The angledconfiguration 9200 provides the viewer with a perceived simulation ofthe way the front-looking and the two side-looking viewing elementscapture respective views/videos 9201, 9202, 9203. In variousembodiments, the angle ‘N’ ranges from 10 to 30 degrees. In oneembodiment, the angle ‘N’ is 20 degrees.

In one embodiment, the three monitors 9205, 9210 and 9215 are standalonedisplay units which are physically placed side-by-side or contiguouslyand at the same level while the left-side and right-side monitors 9205,9215 are manually adjustable to form angle ‘N’ with reference to thecenter monitor 9210. In one embodiment, the three panels are enabled forvertical adjustments using a clamp or hanger attached to back sides ofthe each of the three panels wherein the clamp or hanger is adjustableon respective vertical shafts. However, in another embodiment, the threedisplay panels or monitors 9205, 9210 and 9215 are integrated within aunitary frame encasement 9220 as shown in FIG. 92B. Referring now toFIG. 92B, the frame encasement 9220 is manufactured to enable the leftand right-side panels 9205, 9215 to be pre-configured at angle ‘N’ withreference to the center panel 710. In one embodiment, the unitary frameencasement is enabled for vertical adjustments using a clamp or hangerattached to back sides of the unitary frame encasement, wherein theclamp or hanger is adjustable on respective vertical shafts.

In one embodiment, black image stripes 9207 and 9212 are superimposedbetween the three contiguous display panels 9205, 9210, 9215 of FIG. 92Bto ensure that a viewer senses each of the correspondingly displayedcontiguous videos 9201, 9202, 9203 as different/distinct, therebyavoiding confusion arising out of a visual overlap between the fields ofview of the front and two side-looking viewing elements. In accordancewith an embodiment, the black image stripes 9207, 9212 are not more than6 inches wide.

FIGS. 93A and 93B show first contiguous video feed group 9305, 9310,9315 and second contiguous video feed group 9306, 9311, 9316 displayedon a single monitor 9325 in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification.

Referring now to FIG. 93A, in one embodiment, a front-looking and twoside-looking (left-side looking and right-side looking) viewing elements(hereinafter together referred to as ‘three viewing elements’) of anendoscopic tip are wide angle viewing elements, wherein each viewingelement has a field of view of greater than 100 degrees and up toessentially 180 degrees. Therefore, together, the three viewing elementsprovide a combined field of view greater than 180 degrees covering thefront and two side views. In one embodiment, the combined greater than180 degrees field of view (based on an overlap between fields of view ofthe three viewing elements) is processed by a main control unit (such asthe main controller 30 of FIG. 87A), and displayed on the single monitor9325 to simulate the real-life panoramic view while ensuring none orminimal/partial modulation of the native/standard aspect ratios of thethree video feeds generated by the three viewing elements.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present specification, the threevideo feeds 9305, 9310, 9315 of the three viewing elements are combinedinto a resultant single, integrated video frame (or image feed) coveringan integrated front and two side views based on an overlap betweenfields of view of the front and two side-looking viewing elements. Itshould be appreciated that the single, integrated image feed refers toan embodiment wherein the frames of three different image/video streamsare stitched together into a single frame to create a single videostream In other words, the resultant single video frame represents anintegrated field of view combining the fields of views of the threeviewing elements. Thereafter, the resultant single video frame is slicedor broken-up into a center video frame 9310 that represents a planarfront view of the front-looking viewing element. In one embodiment, thecenter video frame 9310 covers a sum of X degrees of views on eitherside (that is, the left and the right sides) of a center of theintegrated field of view of the resultant single video frame. In oneembodiment, X is 15 degrees. In one embodiment, X is up to 30 degreesfor the front viewing element. The portion, of the resultant singlevideo frame, remaining beyond X degrees on the left side of the centerof the integrated field of view forms a left video frame 9305representing a planar left side view of the left side-looking viewingelement. Similarly, the portion of the resultant single video frameremaining beyond X degrees on the right side of the center of theintegrated field of view forms a right video frame 9315 representing aplanar right side view of the right side-looking viewing element. Thus,in accordance with an embodiment, the resultant single video framerepresenting an integrated field of view by combining the fields of viewof the three viewing elements is broken-up or sliced to form three videoframes 9305, 9310 and 9315. In one embodiment, the three video frames9305, 9310 and 9315 are displayed contiguously on the single monitor9325.

Referring now to FIG. 93B, in accordance with another embodiment of thepresent specification, a unitary video feed from any one of the threeviewing elements is separately sliced or broken up into three videoframes 9306, 9311 and 9316 (depending upon the video feed of whichviewing element is required to be displayed), since each of the threeviewing elements offers a field of view of greater than 100 degrees andessentially up to 180 degrees. In this embodiment, the video feeds fromthe three viewing elements can be toggled or selected, usingtoggling/selection buttons on the handle 104 of FIG. 1A (or the handle22 of FIG. 87A), to display a unitary video feed corresponding to anyone of the viewing elements (front-looking viewing element or any one ofthe left or right-looking viewing elements). Therefore, in oneembodiment, a unitary video frame representative of a viewing element,that is toggled or selected for display on the monitor 9325, is slicedor broken-up into a center video frame 9311 that represents a planarfront view covering a sum of X degrees of views on either side (that is,the left and the right sides) of the center of field of view of theviewing element. In one embodiment, X is 15 degrees. In one embodiment,X is up to 30 degrees. The portion of the unitary video frame remainingbeyond X degrees on the left side of the center of field of view forms aleft video frame 9306 representing a planar left side view. Similarly,the portion of the unitary video frame remaining beyond X degrees on theright side of the center of field of view forms a right video frame 9316representing a planar right side view. Thus, in accordance with anembodiment, the unitary video frame representing a field of view of anyone of the three viewing elements is broken-up or sliced to form threevideo frames 9306, 9311 and 9316. In one embodiment, the three videoframes 9306, 9311 and 9316 are displayed contiguously on the singlemonitor 9325.

In one embodiment, black image stripes 9307 and 9312 are superimposedbetween the three contiguous video frames 9305, 9310, 9315 of FIG. 93Aand the three contiguous video frames 9306, 9311, 9316 of FIG. 93B toensure that a viewer senses each of the three contiguous video frames asdifferent or distinct. In accordance with an embodiment, the black imagestripes 9307, 9312 are not more than 6 inches wide.

Persons of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that the planes ofleft, center and right side views are not coplanar. Therefore, in oneembodiment, the left and right video frames 9305, 9315 as well as thevideo frames 9306, 9316 are displayed in a slightly skewed or twistedform, as shown in FIGS. 93A and 93B, with reference to the respectivecenter video frames 9310 and 9311 to simulate the real-life non-coplanarviews generated by the three viewing elements of the endoscopic tip. Itshould be appreciated that the aforementioned skew or twist creates asense of depth, by focusing the eyes on the center portion and creatingan angled appearance to the side portions.

In one embodiment, the first and second contiguous video frame groups9305, 9310, 9315 and 9306, 9311, 9316 are natively square formatted withaspect ratios 4:3 or 5:4. In one embodiment, the monitor 9325 is arectangular or wide-screen display monitor. In an alternate embodiment,the monitor 9325 is a square display monitor.

According to an embodiment, the native or standard square aspect ratiosof 4:3 or 5:4 of the first and second contiguous video frame groups9305, 9310, 9315 and 9306, 9311, 9316 are not modified or modulated fordisplay on to the monitor 9325. In accordance with an aspect of thepresent specification, the square aspect ratios of 4:3 or 5:4 of thefirst and second contiguous video frame groups 9305, 9310, 9315 and9306, 9311, 9316 are partially modified or modulated (for display on tothe monitor 9325) by an optimal percentage ‘p’ while ensuring minimaldistortion. In accordance with an embodiment, the optimal percentage ‘p’is not more than 30%. In other embodiments, the optimal percentage ‘p’is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30% or any increment therein.

There is provided, according to an aspect of some embodiments, anendoscope configured to provide quasi-simultaneously N views, N beinggreater than 1. The endoscope comprises N optical systems configured tocollect light from directions associated with the N views, and furthercomprises M image capturing devices, where M is smaller than N. Theimage capturing devices are configured to capture light collected by theN optical systems, thereby providing N views quasi-simultaneously.According to some embodiments, M equals to one. According to someembodiments, M equals to two. According to some embodiments, N equals tothree.

FIG. 95A schematically depicts an embodiment of tip 9510 of an endoscopeconfigured to provide multiple views according to the teachings of thisspecification. Tip 9510 comprises three optical systems, 9520, 9530 and9540, respectively, and a single image capturing device 9550 having alight sensitive surface 9552. Center optical system 9520 comprises acenter lens assembly 9522. Center optical system 9520 is directedforward, thereby being configured to collect light substantially from aforward direction of tip 9510. Center optical system 9520 is furtherconfigured to generate from such collected light an image on a centerportion 9552 a of light sensitive surface 9552, thereby allowing tip9510 to provide a forward directed view.

Left optical system 9530 comprises a left side lens assembly 9532 and aleft side prism 9534. Left optical system 9530 is directed to adirection substantially perpendicular to the forward direction of tip9510, referred to as a left direction, thereby being configured tocollect light substantially from a left direction of tip 9510. Left sideprism 9534 is configured to deflect light generally coming from the leftdirection of tip 9510 and collected by left side lens assembly 9532towards image capturing device 9550. Left optical system 9530 is furtherconfigured to generate from such light collected by left side lensassembly 9532 an image on a left portion 9552 b of light sensitivesurface 9552, thereby allowing tip 9510 to provide also a left sidedirected view. Left portion 9552 b is positioned substantially sidewiseto center portion 9552 a.

Right optical system 9540 comprises a right side lens assembly 9542, anda right side prism 9544. Right optical system 9540 is directed to adirection substantially perpendicular to the forward direction of tip9510, referred to as a right direction, thereby being configured tocollect light substantially from a right direction of tip 110. Rightside prism 9544 is configured to deflect light generally coming from theright direction of tip 9510 and collected by right side lens assembly9542, towards image capturing device 9550. Right optical system 9540 isfurther configured to generate from such light collected by right sidelens assembly 9542 an image on a right portion 9552 c of light sensitivesurface 9552, thereby allowing tip 9510 to provide also a right sidedirected view. Right portion 9552 c is positioned substantially sidewiseto center portion 9552 a.

In operation, an image is obtained from image capturing device 9550using any suitable technique adapted to obtain images from imagecapturing device 9550. For example, in some embodiments, image capturingdevice 9550 comprises a CCD, and obtaining an image therefrom comprisesapplying a scan signal to the CCD as is known in the art. A typicalimage 9560 obtained from image capturing device 9550 is in a form of asplit screen, as is schematically depicted in FIG. 95B. Image 9560generally comprises three fields 9562 a, 9562 b and 9562 c, associatedwith the three portions 9552 a, 9552 b and 9552 c, respectively, whereineach field includes an image obtained from a center view, a left viewand a right view, respectively, by tip 9510. Images associated with thethree fields 9562 a, 9562 b, and 9562 c are consequently separated toform separated still images or separated sequences of video images,associated respectively with each of the three views, using any suitabletechnique of image processing as is known in the art.

FIG. 96 schematically depicts an embodiment of tip 9610 of an endoscopeconfigured to provide three views, namely a left view, a forward viewand a right view, according to the teachings herein. Tip 9610 comprisesthree optical systems 9620, 9630 and 9640, associated with a forwardview, a left view and a right view, respectively. Tip 9610 furthercomprises a single image capturing device 9650 having a light sensitivesurface 9652. Tip 9610 further comprises a stepwise rotating opticalelement. In one embodiment, the stepwise rotating optical elementcomprises a semi-transparent mirror 9662. In another embodiment, thestepwise rotating optical element comprises a lens. Semi-transparentmirror 9662 is associated with a controllably rotatable component suchas an actuator or a step motor. Upon command, the controllably rotatablecomponent rotates and positions semi-transparent mirror 9662 in one ofthree pre-defined positions, associated with the three views availableby tip 9610.

Left optical system 9630 is directed to a direction substantiallyperpendicular to the forward direction of tip 9610, referred to as aleft direction, thereby being configured to collect light substantiallyfrom a left direction of tip 9610. When semi-transparent mirror 9662 ispositioned in position 9662 a, semi-transparent mirror 9662 reflectslight collected by left optical system 9630 towards light sensitivesurface 9652 of image capturing device 9650. Accordingly, whensemi-transparent mirror 9662 is positioned in position 9662 a, leftoptical system 9630 and semi-transparent mirror 9662 are configuredtogether to generate an image on light sensitive surface 9652 from lightcollected from the left direction, thereby allowing tip 9610 to providea left side directed view.

Center optical system 9620 is directed forward, thereby being configuredto collect light substantially from a forward direction of tip 9610.When semi-transparent mirror 9662 is positioned in position 9662 b,light collected by optical system 9620 penetrates throughsemi-transparent mirror 9662 towards light sensitive surface 9652.Accordingly, when semi-transparent mirror 9662 is positioned in position9662 b, center optical system 9620 and semi-transparent mirror 9662 areconfigured together to generate an image on light sensitive surface 9652from light collected from the forward direction, thereby allowing tip9610 to provide a forward directed view.

Right optical system 9640 is directed to a direction substantiallyperpendicular to the forward direction of tip 9610, referred to as aright direction, thereby being configured to collect light substantiallyfrom a right direction of tip 9610. When semi-transparent mirror 9662 ispositioned in position 9662 c, semi-transparent mirror 9662 reflectslight collected by right optical system 9640 towards light sensitivesurface 9652. Accordingly, when semi-transparent mirror 9662 ispositioned in position 9662 c, right optical system 9640 andsemi-transparent mirror 9662 are configured together to generate animage on light sensitive surface 9652 from light collected from theright direction, thereby allowing tip 9610 to provide a right sidedirected view.

In operation, an image is obtained from image capturing device 9650using any suitable technique adapted to obtain images from imagecapturing device 9650. Typically, obtaining an image from imagecapturing device 9650 may take a pre-determined time ‘Tim’. For example,in some embodiments, image capturing device 9650 comprises a CCD, andobtaining an image therefrom comprises applying a scan signal to the CCDas is known in the art. The time ‘Tim’ to obtain a single image from aCCD substantially corresponds to the time of a complete scan of the CCD.According to some embodiments of use, rotation of semi-transparentmirror 9662 is synchronized with time periods ‘Tim’ of obtaining imagesfrom image capturing device 9650. For example, sequentially obtainingimages corresponding to a left view, a center view and a right view,respectively, comprises iterating the steps of rotating semi-transparentmirror 9662 and positioning it in position 9662 a; obtaining a left viewimage; rotating semi-transparent mirror 9662 and positioning it inposition 9662 b; obtaining a forward view image; rotatingsemitransparent mirror 9662 and positioning it in position 9662 c; andobtaining a right view image.

According to some embodiments, tip 9610 further comprises a shutterassembly 9670 comprising left shutter 9672 a, a center shutter 9672 band a right shutter 9672 c, corresponding to left optical system 9630,center optical system 9620 and right optical system 9640, respectively.Shutter assembly 9670 is configured to allow passage of light to imagecapturing device 9650 from no more than one of the threedirections—left, forward and right. In operation, shutter assembly 9670is substantially synchronized with semi-transparent mirror 9662, so thatwhen semi-transparent mirror 9662 is positioned in position 9662 a, leftshutter 9672 a is open and center shutter 9672 b and right shutter 9672c are closed, thus allowing light collected by left optical system 9630to form an image on light sensitive surface 9652, and blocking lightcoming from the forward direction and from the right direction.Likewise, when semi-transparent mirror 9662 is positioned in position9662 b, center shutter 9672 b is open and right shutter 9672 c and leftshutter 9672 a are closed, and when semi-transparent mirror 9662 ispositioned in position 9662 c, right shutter 9672 c is open and leftshutter 9672 a and center shutter 9672 b are closed.

FIG. 97A schematically depicts an embodiment of tip 9710 of an endoscopeconfigured to provide three views, namely a left view, a forward viewand a right view, according to the teachings herein. Tip 9710 comprisesthree optical systems, 9720, 9730 and 9740, associated with a left view,a forward view and a right view, respectively. Tip 9710 furthercomprises a single image capturing device 9750 having three lightsensitive surfaces 9752 a, 9752 b and 9752 c, facing optical systems,9720, 9730 and 9740, respectively. Left optical system 9720 isconfigured to collect light substantially from a left direction of tip9710 and to generate an image on light sensitive left surface 9752 a,thereby allowing tip 9710 to provide a left side directed view. Likewisecenter optical system 9730 is configured to collect light substantiallyfrom a forward direction of tip 9710 and to generate an image on lightsensitive center surface 9752 b, and right optical system 9740 isconfigured to collect light substantially from a right direction of tip9710 and to generate an image on light sensitive right surface 9752 c,thereby allowing tip 9710 to provide a center directed view and a rightside directed view, respectively.

In operation, images are obtained from image capturing device 9750 fromeach light sensitive surface independently. According to some exemplaryembodiments, image capturing device 9750 comprises three CCD elementsassembled together to form three light sensitive surfaces 9752 a, 9752b, and 9752 c, respectively. A single scan circuitry provides scansignals to scan the three CCD elements. According to some embodiments, asubstantially same scan signal is employed to scan light sensitiveelements 9752 a, 9752 b and 9752 c. Images corresponding to three views,for example three video streams, are thus obtained substantiallysimultaneously from image capturing device 9750.

FIG. 97B schematically depicts an embodiment of tip 9715 of an endoscopeconfigured to provide three views, namely a left view, a forward viewand a right view, according to the teachings herein. Tip 9715 comprisesthree optical systems, 9725, 9735 and 9745, associated with a left view,a forward view and a right view, respectively. Tip 9715 furthercomprises a single image capturing device 9755 having three lightsensitive elements 9753 a, 9753 b and 9753 c, facing optical systems,9725, 9735 and 9745, respectively. Light sensitive elements 9753 a and9753 b are mechanically connected to each other by a flexible member9754 and light sensitive elements 9753 b and 9753 c are mechanicallyconnected to each other by a flexible member 9756. When assembled, lightsensitive element 9753 a are arranged to be tilted at an angle relativeto light sensitive element 9753 b, wherein the angle is selected fromwithin a pre-determined range.

For example, in some embodiments, light sensitive element 9753 a isassembled to be perpendicular to light sensitive element 9753 b.According to some embodiments, light sensitive element 9753 a isarranged to be at a desired angle between zero degrees and ninetydegrees relative to light sensitive element 9753 b. Likewise, lightsensitive element 9753 c is arranged to be tilted at an angle relativeto light sensitive element 9753 b, wherein the angle is selected fromwithin a pre-determined range. In some embodiments, light sensitiveelement 9753 c is assembled perpendicular to light sensitive element9753 b. According to some embodiments, light sensitive element 9753 c isarranged to be at a desired angle between zero degrees and ninetydegrees relative to light sensitive element 9753 b. According to someembodiments, left optical system 9725 and right optical system arearranged to be directed to a direction to which light sensitive elements9753 a and 9735 b, respectively, face. According to some embodiments,tip 9715 provides a left view and a right view that are not necessarilyperpendicular to a forward view. According to some embodiments, leftoptical system 9725 and right optical system 9745 are controllablytilted by an alignment module so as to collect light from a selecteddirection having an angle with the forward direction of tip 9715 betweenzero and ninety degrees. According to some embodiments, when leftoptical system 9725 and/or right optical system 9745 are controllablytilted as described above, light sensitive elements 9753 a and 9753 c,respectively, are accordingly tilted to be facing optical systems 9725and 9745 respectively. According to some embodiments, tilting opticalsystems 9725 and/or 9745 and correspondingly obtaining a left viewand/or a right view, which divert from perpendicular to a forward view,are employed in real time, during an endoscopy procedure. According tosome embodiments, obtaining images from image capturing device 9755 issubstantially similar to obtaining images from image capturing device9750 as described above.

FIG. 98 schematically depicts an embodiment of a tip 9810 of anendoscope configured to provide multiple views according to theteachings herein. Tip 9810 comprises three optical systems, 9820, 9830and 9840, respectively, a center image capturing device 9850 and a sideimage capturing device 9860, having corresponding light sensitivesurfaces 9852 and 9862, respectively. Center optical system 9820comprises a center lens assembly 9822. Center optical system 9820 isdirected forward, thereby being configured to collect lightsubstantially from a forward direction of tip 9810. Center opticalsystem 9820 is further configured to generate from such collected lightan image on center light sensitive surface 9852, thereby allowing tip9810 to provide a forward directed view.

Left optical system 9830 comprises a left side lens assembly 9832, and aleft side prism 9834. Left optical system 9830 is directed to a leftdirection, thereby being configured to collect light substantially froma left direction of tip 9810. Left side prism 9834 is configured todeflect light generally coming from the left direction of tip 9810 andcollected by left side lens assembly 9832, towards side image capturingdevice 9860. Left optical system 9830 is further configured to generatefrom such light collected by left side lens assembly 9832 an image on aleft portion 9860 a of light sensitive side surface 9862, therebyallowing tip 9810 to provide also a left side directed view.

Right optical system 9840 comprises a right side lens assembly 9842, anda right side prism 9844. Right optical system 9840 is directed to aright direction thereby being configured to collect light substantiallyfrom a right direction of tip 9810. Right side prism 9844 is configuredto deflect light generally coming from the right direction of tip 9810and collected by right side lens assembly 9842, towards side imagecapturing device 9860. Right optical system 9840 is further configuredto generate from such light collected by right side lens assembly 9842an image on a right portion 9860 b of light sensitive side surface 9862,thereby allowing tip 9810 to provide also a right side directed view.Right portion 9860 b is positioned substantially sidewise to leftportion 9860 a.

In operation, images are obtained independently from center imagecapturing device 9850 and from side image capturing device 9860. Imagesobtained from side image capturing device 9860 are generally in splitscreen format, having a left field and a right field, corresponding toleft view and right view received from left optical system 9830 and fromright optical system 9840, respectively, substantially as describedabove regarding image 9560 and fields 9562 a, 9562 b and 9562 c in FIG.95 above. Images obtained from center image capturing device 9850correspond exclusively to the forward direction view.

FIG. 99 schematically depicts an embodiment of a tip 9910 of anendoscope configured to provide multiple views according to theteachings herein. Tip 9910 comprises three optical systems, 9920, 9930and 9940, respectively, and a double sided image capturing device 9950,having two light sensitive surfaces 9952 and 9954 on the two sides ofdouble sided image capturing device 9950, respectively.

Center optical system 9920 comprises a center lens assembly 9922. Centeroptical system 9920 is directed forward, thereby being configured tocollect light substantially from a forward direction of tip 9910. Centeroptical system 9920 is further configured to generate from suchcollected light an image on center light sensitive surface 9952, therebyallowing tip 9910 to provide a forward directed view.

Left optical system 9930 comprises a left side lens assembly 9932, and aleft side prism 9934. Left optical system 9930 is directed to a leftdirection, thereby being configured to collect light substantially froma left direction of tip 9910. Left side prism 9934 is configured todeflect light generally coming from the left direction of tip 9910 andcollected by left side lens assembly 9932, towards image capturingdevice 9950. Left optical system 9930 is further configured to generatefrom such light collected by left side lens assembly 9932 an image on aleft portion 9954 a of light sensitive side surface 9954, therebyallowing tip 9910 to provide also a left side directed view.

Right optical system 9940 comprises a right side lens assembly 9942 anda right side prism 9944. Right optical system 9940 is directed to aright direction, thereby being configured to collect light substantiallyfrom a right direction of tip 9910. Right side prism 9944 is configuredto deflect light generally coming from the right direction of tip 9910and collected by right side lens assembly 9942 towards image capturingdevice 9950. Right optical system 9940 is further configured to generatefrom such light collected by right side lens assembly 9942 an image on aright portion 9954 b of light sensitive side surface 9954, therebyallowing tip 9910 to provide also a right side directed view. Rightportion 9954 b is positioned substantially sidewise to left portion 9954a.

In some embodiments of operation, images are obtained from imagecapturing device 9950 substantially similarly to obtaining images fromimage capturing devices 9750 and 9755 in FIGS. 97A and 97B above.Generally, a single scan signal may be employed in embodiments of imagecapturing device 9950 comprising a double sided CCD or two CCD'sassembled back to back. Images obtained from light sensitive sidesurface 9954 are generally in split screen format, having a left fieldand a right field, corresponding to left view and right view receivedfrom left optical system 9930 and from right optical system 9940,respectively, substantially as described above regarding side imagecapturing device 9860 in FIG. 98. Images obtained from center lightsensitive surface 9952 correspond exclusively to the forward directionview.

Referring back to FIG. 90 again, it should be appreciated that in orderto deliver a synchronized display from multiple cameras rapidly and inreal-time to the physician, image data from each of the camera sensorsshould be processed in real-time and synchronized before display. Thisshould be done in a manner that minimizes latency, yet ensures a highquality output. Thus, the video processing architecture of the presentspecification enables three major functionalities:

a) signal transmission and control for each camera in a manner thatoptimally shares resources, thereby decreasing the total number ofsignals which need to be transmitted over cable, resulting in an abilityto use a smaller/thinner cable for signal transport while still allowingfor a high signal to noise ratio;

b) processing of camera data, wherein data are separately processed toensure no latency and then synchronized; and

c) transmitting the processed data for display in a manner thatoptimally shares resources.

These functions of the video processing architecture are furtherexplained with reference to FIGS. 100 and 101. For an embodiment inwhich one front camera and two side cameras are employed, a conventionalvideo processing system would require a transmission of 36 separatesignals, in which each camera would have 12 signals associated with it,including 11 control signals and 1 video return. Similarly, for anembodiment in which two cameras (such as one front and one side cameraor just two side cameras) are employed, a conventional video processingsystem would require a transmission of 24 separate signals. In oneembodiment, the following signals are required in order to effectivelyoperate a camera and receive video signals from the camera:

1. V01—Vertical Register Clock

2. V02—Vertical Register Clock

3. V03—Vertical Register Clock

4. V04—Vertical Register Clock

5. H01—Horizontal Register Clock

6. H02—Horizontal Register Clock

7. RG—Reset Gate Clock

8. V_(DD)—Supply voltage (15V)

9. V_(L)—Supply voltage (−7.5V)

10. SUB—Substrate Clock

11. LED—Light Emitting Diodes Voltage

12. Vout—Video Out Signal

13. Ground

While the Ground signal is common, transmitting the rest of the 36signals (12 signals for each of the three cameras) to and from thecircuit board, such as the electronic circuit board assembly 400 ofFIGS. 2A, 2B, would require a cable with a diameter of approximately 3millimeters in order to achieve an acceptable signal to noise ratio,which, given the constrained space in the endoscope tip, is too bulky.Using cables with a smaller diameter would result in video signals withunacceptably high noise levels.

Referring back to FIG. 90, the present embodiments are able to employ acable with a smaller diameter, i.e. approximately 2.5 millimeters orless, thereby saving valuable space in the endoscope internal volume. Todo so, an embodiment of the disclosed video controller 9020 (as shown inFIG. 90) generates a set of signals, smaller/lesser in number than the36 signals that are conventionally required, which are transmitted bythe controller 9020 to the circuit board (such as the electronic circuitboard assembly 400 of FIGS. 2A, 2B) in the endoscope tip and thenprocessed by the circuit board to provide each camera with the specificsignal instructions needed. This allows the system to manipulate all therequisite signals without having to use 36 different signals. Also, itshould be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that whilethe signal processing details in the disclosed video controller 9020 arebeing described for endoscope embodiments that use three viewingelements, these are equally applicable to embodiments that use twoviewing elements as well.

In one embodiment, the first nine control signals (V01, V02, V03, V04,H01, H02, RG, VDD, and VL) are shared among cameras by splitting thesignal in the circuit board (such as the electronic circuit boardassembly 400 of FIGS. 2A, 2B) in the optical tip of the endoscope 9010and branching in the camera head. The remaining signals are not shared.For example, the SUB signals are specific for each camera, as they areused for “Shutter Control”. Therefore, in such an embodiment, the systemuses individual SUB1, SUB2 and SUB3 signals for the three cameras.Additionally, the LED circuits, which are used for illumination, receivepower separately and individually. Therefore, in such an embodiment,there are three signals—LED1, LED2 and LED3 for LED power voltages. Withnine signals being shared, the total number of signals required tooperate with three cameras reduces from 36 to 18, including threeindividual video output signals. Thus, the disclosed video controller9020 generates a plurality of signals specific to each of thecameras/viewing elements and a plurality of shared signals which are notspecific to each of the cameras/viewing elements, thereby reducing thetotal number of signals required to be transmitted.

FIG. 100 is a table detailing the shared and individual signals for eachcamera. As can be seen from the figure, the sets of signals 10001 and10002 are jointly shared or common for all the cameras, whereas the setsof signals 10003, 10006 and 10009 are individual signals for the front,two side cameras and the corresponding LEDs. Amongst other signals,Functional GND 10011 is a common signal for all cameras and additionalelectronic devices in the scope. Signals “+3.3V Secondary Insulated”10012, SCL_1 10013, and SDA_1 10014 are signals and power for electronicdevices, such as memory, that come with additional manufacturerinformation, switches and switch interface, etc.

FIG. 101 illustrates the various signals that connect camera board 10015to the CCD cameras and other components in the video processing unit. Ascan be seen from the figure, there are 13 CCD control signals (9 common,one Ground and 3 individual—SUB1, SUB2 and SUB3) 10016. Also there are 3signals for LED power 10017 and 3 pre-video output signals 10018 fromthe CCD cameras.

The other signals (3× CCIR 656 Digital Video, 3×CVBS and 3×S-Video)provide interface with components such as FPGA processor, video outputinterface, and Digital Signal Processor (DSP), among other components.These components have been described with reference to FIG. 90.

It may be noted that while sharing signals, critical operationalconstraints should be kept in mind in order to maintain an acceptablesignal to noise ratio (SNR) and to not compromise on the output imagequality. Referring back to FIG. 90, in one embodiment, the endoscopevideo processing system 9020 transmits and/or receives at least theVideo output, RG, H1, and H2 signals via a coaxial type cable. In oneembodiment, the endoscope video processing system 9020 transmits and/orreceives the signals using a cable diameter (thickness) no greater than2.5 mm. In one embodiment, the endoscope video processing system 9020transmits and/or receives the signals using conductors no smaller than46 AWG to avoid creating an unacceptable signal to noise ratio.

In one embodiment, the endoscope video processing system 9020 transmitsand/or receives the signals using a cable diameter (thickness) nogreater than 2.06 mm in diameter. In one embodiment, the endoscope videoprocessing system 9020 transmits and/or receives the signals using a42AWG coaxial cable with six channels.

In one embodiment, the endoscope video processing system 9020 transmitsand/or receives the signals using a cable that is sized based on thenumber and/or bandwidth of the signals. For example, if one transmitsand receives a total of 18 individual signals and shares 9 of thosesignals between two or more cameras, then one may use a cable having adiameter in the range of 2-2.5 millimeters, thereby enabling anacceptable signal to noise ratio and an acceptable cable size. Personsof ordinary skill in the art should note that any number of signals canbe shared, including less than 9 signals, thereby resulting in anincreased number of signals generated specific to each camera. In oneembodiment, if, however, less than 6 signals are shared, then the totalnumber of individual signals transmitted and received increases to 24,thereby requiring that the cable diameter exceed 2.5 mm or that theinternal conductors be smaller than 46AWG (which means that the internalconductors are 42AWG, 40AWG or decreasing increments therefrom in casethe cable diameter is retained at less than 2.5 mm), which would notonly result in an unacceptable signal to noise ratio (SNR), but alsolimit the ability to assemble (solder) the components of the circuitboard properly. Thus, the system 9020 of present specification optimallyshares the signals without compromising on SNR. According to an aspectof the present specification, in endoscope embodiments having twocameras, an optimal sharing of signals is enabled by having the numberof signals specific to each of the two cameras to be at least 2 and thenumber of signals shared to be at least 6. Again, in endoscopeembodiments having three cameras, an optimal sharing of signals isenabled by having the number of signals specific to each of the threecameras to be at least 3 and the number of signals shared to be at least6.

Signal sharing may occur by having the video controller 9020 send asingle shared signal to the circuit board (such as the electroniccircuit board assembly 400 of FIGS. 2A, 2B), which then applies one ormore pre-programmed functions to the shared signal to transform theshared signal into three separate signals, one for each of the threecameras in an endoscope embodiment that uses three cameras (or into twoseparate signals, one for each of the two cameras in an endoscopeembodiment that uses two cameras). It should be appreciated that a“shared signal” is a signal that is addressed to (or directed toward) asingle destination, such as a particular circuit, processor, or sensor,and then split, modulated, modified, or otherwise manipulated to createmore than one signal of the same type, each of which is addressed to (ordirected toward) different destinations, such as different circuits,processors, or sensors. It should be appreciated that a signal “specificto a camera or sensor” is a signal that is addressed to, directedtoward, or sent from a single destination to another destination, and isnot adapted to be split, modulated, modified, or otherwise manipulatedto create more than one signal of the same type, each of which isaddressed to (or directed toward) different destinations, such asdifferent circuits, processors, or sensors. In one embodiment, thepre-programmed function splits the received signal and amplifies it foruse. In another embodiment, the pre-programmed function scales, adjusts,divides, or multiplies the received shared signal in a manner that isspecific to the particular camera. In one embodiment, to achieveeffective signal sharing, high speed common/shared signals such as H1,H2, RG or similar produced in the camera board, are produced such that:

-   -   Sources of signals are matched by impedance with coaxial cable        impedance;    -   Signals are pre-formed in sources in a manner that compensates        for disturbances arising out of factors such as cable parameters        not matching with imagers (CCD sensors) and other factors;    -   Parameters for pre-forming signals are stored in a camera board        on-board memory or in the scope; and    -   In the camera head (tip of the endoscope), signals are        distributed between imagers.

As mentioned above, each camera generates its own individual videooutput signal. This raw video data are then processed for display. Thevideo streams received from the different cameras may be displayedseparately on display, either side-by-side or interchangeably, whereinthe operator may switch between views from the different camerasmanually. Alternatively, these video streams may be processed by acontroller to combine them into a single, panoramic video frame based onan overlap between fields of view of the cameras. In one embodiment, thethree output video streams may be displayed on three different monitors.

In one embodiment, each video signal is separately processed whichenhances the speed of processing. However, this may result in apotential lack of synchronization between the signals. Conventionalimaging systems use frame grabbers or memories to synchronize differentcameras. These, however, are bulky and not suitable for synchronizingmultiple cameras in an endoscopic system. To address this problem, thesystem of the present specification generates specific synchronizationsignals to co-ordinate the outputs of CCD sensors. Thus, in accordancewith an embodiment, the common/shared signals also includesynchronization signals for all the cameras. The shared signals alsoinclude clock signals for all the cameras. The shared signals includevoltage supply signals for all the cameras.

FIGS. 102A and 102B are block diagrams illustrating exemplarysynchronization methods. Referring to FIG. 102, the chipset of thesystem of the present specification has two main components—DSP 10201and CDS 10202. CDS 10202 comprises the part of camera board that isresponsible for the creation of synchronization signals for each CCDcamera sensor 10203. The synchronization signals include H1, H2 and RG(horizontal HF sync), as described with reference to FIG. 100 earlier.DSP 10201 processes the raw video data received from the CCD cameras.

Initially, a same “clock” generates a common signal that is transmittedto all of the three cameras. That is, a signal from the clock isamplified, used to drive the circuitry, and used to concurrently triggera rest signal for the video processing circuitry.

Referring to FIG. 102B, in order to synchronize the video signals, H1,H2 and RG, signals from the CDS 10204 are neglected. Instead, thesynchronization signals (CLK) 10205 are generated digitally by usingFPGA. By generating the synchronization signals explicitly, the signaltiming (Phase), signal frequency (signal width) and signal amplitude canbe controlled. The video data received from the CCDs 10206 is processedby the DSP 10207. The CLK signal phase, frequency and amplitude are soadjusted that the video information is triggered exactly on a valid RGsignal. Adjusting the CLK signal parameters allows driving and lockingon the video signals from all the camera sensors at the same time.

FIGS. 103A and 103B are block diagrams illustrating a method ofcompensation for high speed CCD synchronization signals time delay incoaxial cable. Referring to FIG. 103A, DSP 10301 produces a plurality ofsynchronization signals 10310, including H1, H2, RG for CCD imager 10303and a plurality of signals for component CDS (Correlated DoubleSampling) 10302. One of the functions of CDS 10302 is to samplepre-video signal 10320 produced by CCD imager 10303. In a conventionalvideo camera, the imager is placed near (on one board) with DSP and CDS,so that the sampling occurs in similar time with pre-video signal cominginto the CDS. In a system with a long cable, the CDS remains placed nearthe DSP, however, both the CDS and DSP are placed far from imager.Therefore, the pre-video signal comes into the CDS with a time lag.Additionally, high speed synchronization signals such as H1, H2, RGsignals are delayed over a long cable. To compensate for this time lag,in one embodiment, the system has additional components 10304, 10305 and10306, as shown in FIG. 103B. Referring now to FIG. 103B, thesecomponents produce the high speed signals H1*, H2*, RG* 10330 and usethe original signals H1, H2, RG 10340 from DSP 10307 as base. In oneembodiment, component 10304 is placed in an FPGA and produces code 10350for high speed signals build. Code 10350 uses parameters from memory10308 according to the scope type, and includes values of signals in anypoint of time. In one embodiment, component 10304 is a modulator,adapter or converter that modifies the original signals based upondata/parameters from memory 10308 according to the scope type. Code10350 comes into Analog-to-Digital Converter 10305 and is converted topulses 10330 similar to H1, H2, RG, but pre-formed for compensation ofcable disturbances. From ADC 10305 signals come to amplifiers andimpedance matching element 10306.

Thus, the video processing system of the present specification alsoincorporates a cable compensation methodology. One of ordinary skill inthe art would appreciate that different kinds of endoscopic devices havedifferent cable lengths on the scopes. The variation in the cable lengthis compensated by manipulating the synchronization signals in such amanner that all three CCDs will experience the signals as expected fromtheir side. This is done by following a process similar to thatdescribed above, by which the timing and amplitude of thesynchronization signal is adjusted. Thus, for each cable length,different timing and amplitude is set. Further, this mechanism can alsobe automated by “sensing” the feedback from the CCD and tuning theappropriate parameters accordingly.

In accordance with an aspect of the present specification, systems andmethods are provided for managing different views in a cohesive manner.In one embodiment, the functionality of switching between views isseamlessly integrated with the image capture functionality.

In one embodiment, the user (physician) is provided with a simple anduser friendly interface that helps him or her to toggle between multipleviews and manipulate images. The interface also assists the user inbetter navigation of the endoscope through difficult areas. In oneembodiment, the user interface assists the physician in detectinganomalies and also helps the physician to perform the endoscopicprocedure in accordance with best practices guidelines.

FIG. 104 illustrates three displays or monitors 10041, 10042 and 10043being operated with a single endoscope 10044, in accordance with anembodiment. In alternate embodiments, the number of displays or monitorsis one, two or three. In one embodiment, the three separate monitors10041, 10042 and 10043 are positioned in a serial horizontal sequence.As discussed earlier with reference to FIG. 90, the video processingsystem of the present specification receives and processes an image feedfrom each of the three image capturing components or cameras positionedon a tip of the endoscope 10044. The video processing system processesthe three image feeds in real time and in synchronicity such that thefeeds can be displayed concurrently in real time and in synchronicity.Thus, the processed image feeds are concurrently displayed on at leastone of the monitors 10041, 10042 and 10043. In embodiments where threemonitors are used, the three image feeds are displayed concurrently onthe three respective monitors. For example, the first image feed(corresponding to the front-pointing camera) is displayed on the centermonitor 10042, the second image feed (corresponding to the leftside-pointing camera) is displayed on the left monitor 10041 while thethird image feed (corresponding to the right side-pointing camera) isdisplayed on the right monitor 10043. In embodiments, where a singlemonitor is used—the three image feeds (corresponding to the threecameras) are concurrently displayed on the single monitor screen suchthat, for example, the first feed is displayed in the middle while thesecond and third feeds are displayed on either side thereof.

Persons of ordinary skill in the art should appreciate that the displaysor monitors 10041, 10042 and 10043 comprise any screen, including aprojection screen, television, computer monitor, flat panel display, LCDscreen, or other electronic device capable of displaying a transmittedimage. Also, the image feeds from the cameras comprise a series offrames constituting a video signal or a single image constituting apicture.

A person of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that an endoscopeis a heavy and difficult to manipulate instrument. Therefore, managingthree different displays or monitors along with the endoscope may makethe process more difficult and complex for the physician handling theendoscope. In order to simplify managing views on three screens, thepresent specification provides a user friendly and intuitive interface,such that the user is assisted by having three views and is notinhibited in carrying out the endoscopic procedure.

Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the controls for manipulation areprovided by means of a plurality of actuators 10045 located on theendoscope handle itself. The video processing system of the presentspecification processes each of the image feeds in accordance withcommands effectuated by means of the plurality of actuators. It shouldbe understood that actuators 10045 comprise any type of interfacecapable of receiving an input from the user, including a button,keyboard, touch-sensitive surface, knob, switch, or pad. Using theseactuators, the physician can easily manipulate images to the benefit ofthe procedure. Further, in order that the physician instantly recognizeswhich of the three displays is active or which view the controls arefocused on, in one embodiment, an indication is provided on the relevantdisplay or monitor. For example, if the second display 10042 iscurrently active, an indication termed as, for example, “Screen 2” 10046is displayed on the screen, a border around the screen is highlighted,or an icon lights up or flashes on the screen. This implies that thephysician is currently focusing on the display 10042, and may furtheruse the actuators 10045 on the endoscope handle to manage or manipulatethe view.

FIG. 105A illustrates an exemplary configuration of the endoscope handle10051. Actuator 10052, such as a button, when pressed, can be used totoggle between different views. In one embodiment, each time button10052 is pressed, the next view is activated. As mentioned above,switching can be done between different views on the same monitor, orbetween different monitors. Button 10053 can be used to capture a stillfrom the video or image being displayed. Button 10054 can be used torecord a video; the same button 10054, when pressed again, can be usedto stop the recording. In one embodiment, the record function whenactivated, enables recording of all the views simultaneously.

FIG. 105B illustrates an exemplary indication of video recording on thedisplay screen that helps the user to keep track of the recordingprogress. Referring to FIG. 105B, active screen indication 10055indicates the screen that the user is focusing on. As soon as the userinitiates recording by pressing the relevant actuator in the endoscopehandle, an icon, such as green icon 10056 is displayed on the activescreen. A progress bar, such as progress bar 10057 with a timer 10058,also starts next to the icon 10056. As soon as the user presses anactuator to stop recording, the progress bar and the timer stop and asecond icon, such as a red icon 10059, appears at the end of progressbar 10057. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that theicons may be located at any place on the screen.

In one embodiment, button 10052 when pressed causes the three imagefeeds to change positions on the three monitors, relative to each other.Referring now to FIGS. 104 and 105A, 105B simultaneously, in oneembodiment, by default, the first image feed is displayed on the centerscreen, the second image feed is displayed on the left screen and thethird image feed is displayed on the right screen. By pressing button10052, the user can cause, in one embodiment, the second image feed tobe switched to the center screen while the first and third image feedsare now displayed on right and left screens respectively. In anotherembodiment, pressing button 10052, yet again, causes the third imagefeed to be switched to the center monitor while the first and secondimage feeds are displayed on left and right screens respectively.

Similarly, in embodiments where the three image feeds are displayedconcurrently on a single monitor—the button 10052 is used to switch theposition of the image feeds relative to one another on the singlemonitor. For example, in one embodiment, by default, the first imagefeed is displayed in the center of the single monitor, the second imagefeed is displayed to the left of the center feed, and the third imagefeed is displayed to the right of the center feed. By pressing button10052, the user can cause, in one embodiment, the second image feed tobe switched to the center while the first and third image feeds are nowdisplayed on right and left positions respectively. In anotherembodiment, pressing button 10052, yet again, causes the third imagefeed to be switched to the center while the first and second image feedsare displayed on left and right positions, respectively.

FIG. 106A illustrates another exemplary configuration of the endoscopehandle 10061. Here, actuator 10062 can be used to toggle betweendisplays by pressing left or right. In one embodiment, actuator 10062 isa scroll wheel and can be simply rotated to switch between views. Thecenter 10063 of actuator 10062, when pressed, can be used to capture astill image. In one embodiment, the action of “pressing and holding” thecenter actuator 10063 initiates video recording. Pressing the actuator10063 one more time would end the recording. Another actuator 10064 isprovided on the handle that can be used to zoom in and out on the imagebeing displayed, by pressing in forward and reverse directions,respectively.

FIG. 106B illustrates another example of image management indications onthe display, the active display being indicated by the sign 10065.Zooming is indicated by means of a slider 10066 between standard “+” and“−” symbols 10067 and 10068, respectively, for zoom. As the user movesthe relevant actuator on the endoscope handle forward and backward forzooming (as explained with reference to FIG. 106A above), the slider10069 correspondingly moves forward or backward to zoom. Icon 10060appears when the user captures a still image. Further, when a recordedvideo is being displayed, a set of actuators or buttons 10070 indicatingstandard signs of play, pause, stop, rewind and forward appear on thescreen. In one embodiment, where the display comprises a touch-screen,the set of actuators 10070 may be used to control the display ofrecorded video. Further, in a touch-screen display, the other icons10069, 10067, 10068 and 10060 may also be used to effectuate thefunctions they represent.

In one embodiment, the present specification allows more than one viewto be active at the same time. This enables recording of more than oneview at a time, which may be critical for the physician for a givencase. FIG. 107 depicts this configuration, wherein color coded visualcues, indicators or icons 10071, 10072 and 10073 are used to indicatewhich of the three displays 10074, 10075 and 10076, respectively, areactive. In the present example, displays 10074 and 10075 are active, asshown by the flashing or highlighted colored icons 10071 and 10072. Icon10073 is not flashing or highlighted in the figure, thereby indicatingthat display 10076 is currently not active. One of ordinary skill in theart would appreciate that any other type of indication or highlighting,such as the “Screen 1”, “Screen 2” etc. signs described above withreference to FIGS. 104, 105B and 106B, may be used to highlight anactive display. In one embodiment, letters “L”, “C”, “R” are used forindication and/or highlighting—L for left camera, C for center camera, Rfor right camera.

In one embodiment, to activate or deactivate a screen, correspondingcolor coded actuators, such as buttons, are provided on the endoscopehandle 10080. Thus, in continuation of the present example, buttons10077, 10078 and 10079 are used to activate or switch to thecorresponding display(s) 10074, 10075 and 10076, respectively. More thanone button may be pressed to activate the corresponding number ofdisplays. In one embodiment, the action of “pressing and holding” abutton initiates video recording on the corresponding display. Pressingthe button one more time would end the recording. In another embodiment,separate buttons are provided for video recording and image capture,which are used after the desired screen(s) has been selected using oneor more of the buttons 10077, 10078 and 10079.

In another embodiment, a single actuator, such as the one shown asbutton 10052 of FIG. 105A, is used for selecting or activating more thanone view at a time. Thus, for example, the actuator 10052 is pressedonce for the left view, again to go to the center view, again to go tothe right, again to highlight left and center, again to highlight centerand right, and again to highlight all of the three views. In oneembodiment, only the “record” function is active when more than one viewis selected, while other functions, such as zoom, are disabled. Inanother embodiment, zoom function is enabled, but allows for equal zoomin all the active views in case more than one view is active. Record andzoom actuators are provided, similar to those shown in FIGS. 105A and106A.

It may be noted that actuator configurations exemplified in FIGS. 105A,106A and 107 may be combined into a single endoscopic handle to easilymanage multiple functionalities of display and image manipulation suchas toggling, image capture, video recording, freezing an image andzooming. Further, other image manipulation features not described abovemay be incorporated through buttons, knobs or switches in the endoscopehandle.

As discussed with reference to FIGS. 104 through 107, by operating theactuators on the endoscope handle and/or icons, indicators on atouch-screen based monitor the physician can effectuate a plurality ofimage feed manipulations, such as, but not limited to changing aposition of each of the image feeds on at least one monitor; zoominginto or out of at least one of the image feeds; recording at least oneof the image feeds; freezing at least one of the image feeds; and/orhighlighting at least one of the image feeds and/or monitors.

In accordance with an aspect, the aforementioned manipulations orfunctions are concurrently effectuated on one, two or all three imagefeeds according to the physician's desire and need. Thus, zooming,recording, freezing and highlighting can be done for any one, two or allthree of the image feeds, concurrently. Again, zooming, recording orfreezing causes the corresponding one, two or three image feeds to behighlighted. It should be understood that ‘highlighting’ of an imagefeed comprises any form of visual indication, including a coloredindicator superimposed on the feed, a colored border around the imagefeed, an arrow pointing to the image feed, etc.

FIG. 108 illustrates, through a flowchart, the process involved inimplementing an image manipulation feature. Referring to FIG. 108, inthe first step 10081 the user selects a feature, such as deciding onwhich channel or screen they wish to view/display information. Thiswould require switching or toggling to the appropriate view. For thispurpose, the user provides an input command in step 10082, such as bypushing a button on the endoscope handle or by using the keyboard, mouseor touch screen. The input command is processed by dedicated hardwareand software (of the video processing system of FIG. 90) in step 10083,and the corresponding output in the form of image or video is displayedin step 10084.

The hardware components involved in image/video processing in responseto user commands has already been described earlier with reference toFIG. 90. Referring now to FIG. 90, the remote commands 9014 includeimage and video manipulation commands, such as toggle between views,maximize/minimize, zoom, record, freeze, capture, etc. Thus, any inputsreceived from the endoscope 9010, such as remote commands for imagemanipulation issued using the buttons on the endoscope handle, areprocessed through SOM 9026. As mentioned earlier, the user may alsoissue image manipulation commands through keyboard, mouse ortouch-screen. In this case also, the commands are processed by SOM 9026.For recording a video or image, the FPGA 9023 appropriately processesthe video or image and sends it for storage to the DDR memory 9033.

It may, therefore, be noted from the above discussion that the primarysoftware and hardware components for enabling and controlling on-screendisplay in response to user commands are the system on module (SOM) 9026and the FPGA 9023, respectively. As mentioned earlier, visual cues areprovided on the display to assist a physician in selecting imagemanipulation features such as toggling between views, zoom, record,freeze, capture, etc. In one embodiment, international signs forrecording, freezing and zooming might be positioned on the relevantmonitors. Optionally, all the visual cues or only those for selectedfeatures may appear on the LCD touch screen 9055 on the main panel 9035also. For example, confirmation that video is recording may appear onthe main panel LCD screen 9055 only.

A common problem faced by the physicians operating an endoscope is thatthe viewing element in the endoscope tip may get embedded in tissue,thereby obstructing the view. In that case, a physician may not knowwhich way to move in order to find the lumen (body cavity). With threeviewing elements of the present specification, the likelihood of theview being obstructed reduces. However, it is still possible for theendoscope tip to get embedded in the tissue or become covered in bodyfluids in a way that the operating physician has no idea where to movethe scope.

Further, during the course of an endoscopic procedure, the endoscopeencounters junctures which cause the endoscope to change its directionof navigation substantially, and which would normally be not visiblefrom only a front-pointing viewing element. FIG. 109 illustratescritical navigation junctures (CNJs) that an endoscope is likely toencounter during a standard procedure such as ERCP (endoscopicretrograde cholangiopancreatography). Referring to FIG. 109, CNJ1 10091,CNJ2 10092 and CNJ3 10093 are sharp turns within the body cavity whichmay, during navigation, obstruct the view of the endoscope. Thedefinition of CNJs can be further expanded to include target areas ofinterest such as polyps, organ outlets, etc.

In order to assist the physician in navigation when faced with anobstruction and to help him or her to reposition the endoscope, in oneembodiment, the present specification superimposes a visual navigationindicator or a navigation path image, such as by visually highlightingthe lumen (body cavity) on the image being displayed, so that thephysician understands which way to proceed. An example of this isillustrated in FIG. 110A, wherein a navigation path image, such ascircular ring 11001, highlights the area of interest when the endoscope11002 is stuck at an odd angle. One of ordinary skill in the art wouldappreciate that the visual navigation indicator or path image comprisesany form of highlighting, such as a flashing border around the lumen, anarrow, or a different color may be used to point out the area ofinterest or the desired direction of navigation. Further, thehighlighting feature can be further expanded to include target areas ofinterest such as polyps, organ outlets, etc. One such example is shownin FIG. 110A, where arrow 11003 points towards a lesion 11004.

It should be noted that the visual navigation indicator is superimposedon any one, two or all three of the image feeds.

FIG. 110B is a flowchart illustrating the steps involved in a method ofvisualizing a navigation pathway of an endoscope comprising a tipsection having a front-pointing viewing element and two side-pointingviewing elements by using the highlighting feature described above. Atstep 11012, the endoscope is inserted into a lumen of a body cavity. Atstep 11014, the endoscope is navigated through the lumen, wherein thelumen defines a navigation pathway comprising a plurality of juncturesin which the pathway changes substantially. Then, at step 11016 theendoscope is operated to display a video output from each of the frontand side-pointing viewing elements on to at least one monitor, whereinthe video output is representative of the navigation pathway within thebody lumen. At step 11018, at least one visual navigation indicator isdisplayed on the monitor. The endoscope is then maneuvered through thelumen, at step 11020, when obstructed by the plurality of junctures,wherein the maneuvering is guided by the visual highlight on themonitor.

In another embodiment, the system of the present specification furtherassists a physician in following best practices guidelines during anendoscopic procedure. It is known in the art that during an endoscopicprocedure, such as colonoscopy, the physician first proceeds within thecolon to the cecum. The physician then gradually pulls the endoscopeback, from the cecum through the transverse colon, the rectum and out ofthe body, to look for anomalies such as polyps, lesions, etc. One of thebest practices for GI doctors is to spend at least six minutes goingfrom the cecum out of the body, in order to thoroughly investigate thepath.

In order to facilitate the physician to demonstrate that they arefollowing best practices guidelines as described above, in oneembodiment, a timer button is provided on the handle. The button may beactivated at the moment when the physician initiates withdrawal of theendoscope from the cecum. The activation of the button starts a clockwhich tracks the time taken in investigating the colon. In oneembodiment, the timer appears on the display when counted and canvisually show progression through an anatomical region based on time. Inone embodiment, the timer starts at a predetermined and set amount oftime, such as six minutes, and decrements or counts down, which ensuresthat the minimum time required for investigation as per the bestpractices guidelines, is followed.

In one embodiment, in order to deliver a synchronized display frommultiple viewing elements rapidly and in real-time to the physician,image data from each of the image sensors is processed in real-time andsynchronized before display. Further, toggling and other imagemanipulation features are integrated or synced with image capturefunctionality. This is done in a manner that minimizes latency, yetensures a high quality output. Thus, there is no time lag between thetime a physician clicks to see a view and corresponding image captureand display. The video processing architecture of the presentspecification, as discussed earlier with reference to FIG. 90, achievesthis purpose by implementing:

a) signal transmission/control for each viewing element in a manner thatoptimally shares resources;

b) processing of viewing element data, wherein data are separatelyprocessed to ensure no latency and then synchronized; and

c) transmitting the processed data for display in a manner thatoptimally shares resources.

In accordance with an aspect of the present specification, there isprovided a service channel connector having a smooth internal surfacewhich allows easy cleaning and disinfecting of the connector after use.There is also provided a service channel connector having channeldimensions that enable easy insertion of most medical instrumentstherethrough.

FIG. 111A illustrates an endoscope handle including a Y-shaped servicechannel connector, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification. The handle 11100 comprises an umbilical tube/utilitycable 11102 for connecting the endoscope to a main controller (such asmain control unit 116 of FIG. 1A), knobs 11104 for maneuvering a bendingsection of an insertion tube 11106 within a lumen, and a service channelport 11107, among other components as described with respect to FIG. 1A.The service channel port 11107 is positioned within a handle of anendoscope, in the lower, distal portion of the handle, close to theinsertion tube of an endoscope. The service channel connector (shown inFIG. 111B) of the present specification is connected to the endoscopichandle via a service channel port 11107 and a suction channel resideswithin the endoscopic handle.

FIG. 111B illustrates a magnified view of the service channel connector11108, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification. Asshown, the service channel connector 11108 is approximately Y-shapedand, in one embodiment, comprises at its proximal end 11109 a servicechannel opening 11110 and a suction channel opening 11112. A distal end11114 of the connector 11108 is connected to the insertion tube 11106via a working channel opening. The proximal end 11109 is connected tothe service channel port 11107 of the handle 11100 through servicechannel opening 11110 and through a suction channel which runs along theumbilical tube and is connected to a suction pump. Medical instruments,such as snares needles, biopsy forceps etc., may be inserted through theservice channel opening 11110 into the insertion tube 11106, via theworking channel opening.

FIG. 112 illustrates a conventional service channel connector. As shown,the service channel connector 11200 is approximately shaped as a ‘V’.The service channel connector 11200 comprises a top, proximal end 11202and a bottom, distal end 11204, where the proximal end 11202 ispositioned toward the umbilical tube of the endoscopic device and thedistal end is positioned toward the insertion tube of the endoscopicdevice. The proximal and distal ends 11202, 11204 are connected by afirst wall 11206, having a flat surface 11206 a and two beveled edges,11206 b and 11206 c; a second, flat wall 11208, that assumes theapproximate shape of a “V”; a third flat wall opposing the second wall,that also assumes the shape of a “V”; and, a fourth wall 11210 thatopposes the first wall 11206 and has a flat surface 11210 a and twobeveled edges 11210 b and 11210 c, on either side of flat surface 11210a.

The top, proximate end 11202 comprises a circular service channelopening 11212, which in one embodiment, has an internal diametermeasuring approximately 2.5-5.5 millimeters, for insertion of medicalinstruments, such as snares, needles, biopsy forceps etc., into aninsertion tube, and a circular suction channel opening 11214. Thesecond, distal end 11204 comprises a circular working channel openinghaving an internal diameter of approximately 2.5-5.5 millimeters wherethe working channel begins and exits in the scope tip. A length of theservice channel connector 11200 measured from the proximate end 11202 tothe distal end 11204 along first wall 11206 is approximately 10-16millimeters.

FIG. 113A illustrates a service channel connector having an approximateY-shape, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification.In an embodiment, the service channel connector is manufactured in twoseparate portions which are then joined together. FIGS. 113B and 113Crespectively illustrate the external and internal/cross sectional viewsof a first portion of the service channel connector shown in FIG. 113A,while FIGS. 113D and 113E respectively illustrate the external andinternal/cross sectional views of a second portion of the servicechannel connector shown in FIG. 113A. FIGS. 113F and 113G respectivelyillustrate another internal/cross sectional view of the first and thesecond portions of the service channel connector, highlighting theregions that are joined together to obtain the complete service channelconnector shown in FIG. 113A.

The service channel connector having an approximate Y-shape disclosed inthe present specification is now described in detail with reference toFIGS. 113A, 113B, 113C, 113D, 113E, 113F and 113G.

As shown in FIG. 113A, the service channel connector 11300 has anapproximate Y-shape. The service channel connector 11300 has a top,proximal end 11301 which houses a service channel opening 11302 and asuction channel opening 11304. The service channel connector 11300 ispositioned within a handle of an endoscope, in the lower, distal portionof the handle, close to the insertion tube of an endoscope, as shown inFIG. 111A. Referring now to FIGS. 113A and 113C simultaneously, aservice channel 11302 a and a suction channel 11304 a are in fluidcommunication with each other and join to form a combined channel 11313,ending in a working channel opening/exit 11306 having an internaldiameter of approximately 2.5-8 millimeters. In one embodiment, aworking channel opening/exit 11306 is positioned on a bottom, distal end11303 of service channel connector 11300 and is circular. In oneembodiment, working channel opening 11306 is connected to an insertiontube used for endoscopic examination.

U.S. Provisional Patent No. 61/917,530, entitled “Suction Control Unitfor An Endoscope Having Two Working Channels” and filed on Dec. 18,2013, is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Referring to FIG. 113A, in one embodiment, the length of the servicechannel connector 11300, measured from the top, proximal end 11301 tothe bottom, distal end 11303 along a wall 11310 is approximately 15-21millimeters, which is longer than the length of the conventionalconnector 11200 shown in FIG. 112. In one embodiment, circular workingchannel opening/exit 11306 has an internal diameter of approximately2.5-8 millimeters, which is larger than the diameter of the workingchannel of the conventional connector shown in FIG. 112. The increasedlength and diameter of the connector 11300 disclosed in the presentspecification enables smoother/easier insertion of larger medicalinstruments into the insertion tube of the endoscope, as compared to theconventional connector 11200.

In some embodiments where a suction channel is not required, the servicechannel connector 11300 may be constructed without the suction channel11304. In some embodiments where two service channel ports are placed inthe handle, to provide the user an endoscope with more than one servicechannel, the service channel connector 11300 may be constructed with twoservice channel openings 11302. In one embodiment, the two servicechannel openings may have the same internal diameter. In anotherembodiment, the two service channel openings may have different internaldiameters.

Referring simultaneously to FIGS. 113A, 113B and 113D, service channelconnector 11300 comprises a front wall 11308 comprising a first portion11308 a, a second portion 11308 b and a third portion 11308 c. The firstportion 11308 a and the third portion 11308 c are identical in shape,structure and size and are positioned on either side of the portion11308 a as shown in the figures, forming beveled edges for front wall11308. The front wall portions 11308 a and 11308 c are positioned at anangle with respect to the front wall portion 11308 b. Further referringto FIGS. 113A, 113B and 113D, service channel connector 11300 comprise aback wall 11310, opposing the front wall 11308, having a first portionwith a flat surface 11310 a, a second portion with a flat surface 11310b and a third portion with a flat surface 11310 c. The first portion11310 a and the third portion 11310 c are identical in shape, structureand size and are positioned on either side of the portion 111310 b asshown in the figures, forming beveled edges for portion 11310. Referringto FIGS. 113A, 113B and 113D simultaneously, the service channelconnector 11300 further comprises a first side wall 11312 and a secondopposing side wall 11314.

Referring to FIG. 113B, first portion 11308 a of the front wall 11308comprises four portions connected at an angle to one another: 11308 a 1,11308 a 2, 11308 a 3, and 11308 a 4. The portion 11308 a 1 is connectedwith portion 11308 a 2, portion 11308 a 2 is connected with portion11308 a 3, and the portion 408 a 3 is connected with portion 408 a 4.

Referring to FIG. 113D, in an embodiment, the third portion 11308 c ofthe front wall 11308 is identical in shape, structure and dimensions tothe first portion 11308 a, comprising four indented portions 11308 c 1,11308 c 2, 11308 c 3 and 11308 c 4, identical to and connected to oneanother in the same fashion as portions 11308 a 1, 11308 a 2, 11308 a 3and 11308 a 4 of first portion 11308 a.

Referring to FIG. 113B, the portion 11308 b of the front wall 11308comprises four portions connected at an angle to one another: 11308 b 1,11308 b 2, 11308 b 3, and 11308 b 4. In an embodiment, the width of thefront wall portion 11308 is approximately 4-8 millimeters. The portion11308 b 1 is connected with portion 11308 b 2; portion 11308 b 2 isconnected with portion 11308 b 3; and the portion 11308 b 3 is connectedwith portion 11308 b 4.

Referring to FIGS. 113A and 113D simultaneously, in an embodiment, theopposing back wall 11310 comprises a first portion 11310 a, a secondportion 11310 b, and a third portion 11310 c. In an embodiment, each ofthe three portions 11310 a, 11310 b and 11310 c are substantiallystraight and rectangular in shape without any surface indentations. Inan embodiment, the length of each of the three portions 11310 a, 11310 band 11310 c of the back wall 11310 is approximately in the range of15-21 millimeters while the width of the portion 11310 is approximatelyin the range of 4-8 millimeters.

Referring to FIGS. 113A and 113B simultaneously, the first side wall11312 comprises a first portion 11312 a, a second portion 11312 b and athird portion 11312 c. In an embodiment, as shown, the first portion11312 a is wider at the proximal end 11301 and tapers towards the distalend 11303. In an embodiment, a maximum width ‘ee’ of the first portion11312 a is approximately in the range of 10-16 millimeters. The secondportion 11312 b is substantially rectangular and is joined with thefirst portion 11312 a and the third portion 11312 c at an angle. Asshown in the figures, the third portion 11312 c is also substantiallyrectangular and ends in the working channel opening at the distal end11303 of the connector 11300. In an embodiment, the total overall lengthof the portions 11312 a (shown as ‘ff’), 11312 b (shown as ‘gg’) and11312 c (shown as ‘hh’), is approximately in the range of 15-21millimeters. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 113A, portion 11312a, when connected with the substantially rectangular portions 11312 band 11312 c, lends an approximate Y-shape to the connector 11300.

Referring now to FIGS. 113A and 113D simultaneously, the second sidewall 11314 is identical in shape, structure and design to the first sidewall 11312. The second side wall 11314 comprises a first portion 11314a, a second portion 11314 b and a third portion 11314 c. In anembodiment, as shown in FIG. 113D, the first portion 11314 a is wider ata proximal end 11301 b and tapering towards the distal end 11303 b. Inan embodiment, a maximum width ee of the first portion 11314 a isapproximately in the range of 10-16 millimeters. The second portion11314 b is substantially rectangular and is joined with the firstportion 11314 a and the third portion 11314 c at an angle. As shown inFIG. 113D, the third portion 11314 c is also substantially rectangularand ends in the working channel opening at the distal end 11303 b of theconnector 400. In an embodiment, the total lengths of the portions 11314a, 11314 b and 11314 c is approximately in the range of 15-21millimeters. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 113D, the portion11314 a connected with the portions 11314 b and 11314 c lend anapproximate Y-shape to the connector 11300.

FIG. 113B illustrates an external cut-away view of a first section 11307of the service channel connector 11300, in accordance with an embodimentof the present specification. In an embodiment, the service channelconnector 11300 of the present specification comprises two individuallymachined sections, a first section 11307 shown in FIGS. 113B and 113C,and a second section 11309, shown in FIGS. 113D and 113E, that arejoined together by a machining process to form the complete servicechannel connector 11300 illustrated in FIG. 113A.

Thus, as described below, the present specification provides a servicechannel connector, which, in one embodiment, is based on a two piececonstruction. The connector comprises two sections, both of which areconstructed separately using a machining process such as a millingprocess. Separate construction of the two parts ensures that theinternal walls of the parts are smooth and do not contain any edges orgrooves that may retain residue. This enables the connector to becleaned and disinfected thoroughly. The two sections, which are mirrorimages of each other, are placed on each other and are precisely alignedbefore being welded together. The joining of the two sections isperformed precisely in a manner that eliminates any visible edges orgaps along the joint line. Hence, the risk of accumulation of residuealong the joined edge is eliminated, thereby eliminating risk ofcontamination of the connector.

In an embodiment, each of the first section 11307 and the second section11309 is constructed out of stainless steel material by using amachining process, and in one embodiment, a milling process. The millingprocess is a material removal process, which can create a variety offeatures on a part by cutting away the unwanted material. Milling istypically used to produce parts that are not axially symmetric and thathave many features, such as holes, slots, pockets, etc. Further, in anembodiment, the two sections 11307, 11309 are joined by using a laserwelding process in order to obtain the complete Y-shaped service channelconnector 11300 illustrated in FIG. 113A.

In various embodiments, the two sections 11307, 11309 are mirror imagesof each other, and are placed together in precise alignment beforejoining.

In one embodiment, the first section 11307 illustrated in FIG. 113Bcomprises a top proximate end 11301 a comprising at least a portion ofservice channel opening 11302/service channel 11302 a and at least aportion of suction channel opening 11304/suction channel 11304 a; abottom distal end 11303 a comprising at least a portion of the workingchannel opening 11306; the first side wall 11312; the portion 11308 a ofthe front wall 11308 comprising the four indented portions 11308 a 1,11308 a 2, 11308 a 3 and 11308 a 4; at least a segment of front wallportion 11308 b, comprising segments of the four indented portions 11308b 1, 11308 b 2, 11308 b 3 and 11308 b 4; and at least a segment of theopposing back wall 11310 comprising the portion 11310 a and a segment ofthe portion 11310 b.

FIG. 113C illustrates an internal/cross-sectional view of the firstsection 11307 of the service channel connector 11300, in accordance withan embodiment of the present specification. Referring to FIG. 113C,first section 11307 comprises a portion of the service channel 11302 aand a portion of the suction channel 11304 a. The first section 11307further comprises a combined channel 11313 where the service channel11302 a and the suction channel 11304 a join resulting in the workingchannel opening/exit 11306. In various embodiments, the working channelopening 11306 connects with an insertion tube of the endoscope. Medicalinstruments inserted into the service channel opening 11302, and thusservice channel 11302 a, enter the insertion tube via the workingchannel opening 11306. The service channel 11302 a has a broad firstsegment 11324 and a narrower second segment 11326 merging into thecombined channel 11313. In an embodiment, a diameter of the broad firstsegment 11324 is approximately in the range of 2.5-8 millimeters In anembodiment, the length of the combined channel 11313 enables largemedical tools to be easily and smoothly inserted into an insertion tubeof an endoscope through the service channel opening 11302 via theworking channel opening 11306 due to the wider angle of portion 11316compared to the angle found between portions 11204 and 11212 of 11200,as described above with respect to FIG. 112. The length of the combinedchannel 11313 is adapted to allow a medical tool to be inserted into theinsertion tube without harming the functionality of the device andallows for a wider angle therein so that the physician does not need toexert force when pushing the medical tool into the scope.

As seen in the cross-sectional internal view of the connector 11300shown in FIG. 113C, the suction channel 11304 tapers and is thus reducedin diameter along the longitudinal axis of the connector 11300.Referring to FIG. 113A, in an embodiment, a diameter of the opening ofthe suction channel 11304 located at the top/proximal end 11301 of theconnector 11300 is adapted to clear blood clots, mucus, waste, etc. andmanage high suction load when substances with high viscosity, largesize, or a large amount of fluid such as coagulated blood, tissuepieces, mucus, waste, etc. in the lumen are suctioned. In an embodiment,the suction channel 11304 a is narrower than the service channel 11302 aand merges with the combined channel 11313 at the distal end 11303.Referring to FIG. 113C, in an embodiment, the service channel 11302 aand the suction channel 11304 a are partially separated by a wall 11327that defines the bordering outlines of service channel 11302 a andsuction channel 11304 a. Note that wall 11327 does not create a closedchannel inside the connector 11300. The combined channel 11313 ends inthe working channel opening 11306 at the distal end 11303 a of theconnector 11300. Since, the first section 11307 of the service channelconnector 11300 is fabricated using a milling process, all the internalwalls of the connector are smooth and do not contain any roughportions/niches where residue might accumulate leading to contamination.

FIG. 113D illustrates an external view of a second section 11309 of theservice channel connector 11300, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification. In one embodiment, the second section 11309comprises a top proximate end 11301 b comprising at least a portion ofservice channel opening 11302/service channel 11302 a and at least aportion of suction channel opening 11304/suction channel 11304 a; abottom distal end 11303 b comprising at least a portion of the workingchannel opening 11306; the second side wall 11314; the portion 11308 cof the front wall 11308 comprising the four indented portions 11308 c 1,11308 c 2, 11308 c 3 and 11308 c 4; at least a segment of front wallportion 11308 b, comprising segments of the four indented portions 11308b 1, 11308 b 2, 11308 b 3 and 11308 b 4; and at least a segment of theopposing back wall 11310 comprising the portion 11310 c and a segment ofthe portion 11310 b.

FIG. 113E illustrates an internal/cross sectional view of the secondsection 11309 of the service channel connector 11300, in accordance withan embodiment of the present specification. Referring to FIG. 113E,second section 11309 comprises a portion of the service channel 11302 aand a portion of the suction channel 11304 a. The second section 11309further comprises a combined channel 11313 where the service channel11302 a and the suction channel 11304 a join resulting in the workingchannel opening/exit 11306. The service channel 11302 a has a broadfirst segment 11324 and a narrower second segment 11326 merging into thecombined channel 11313. In an embodiment, a diameter of the broad firstsegment 11324 is approximately in the range of 2.5-8 millimeters. In anembodiment, the length of the combined channel 11313 enables largemedical tools to be inserted easily and smoothly into an insertion tubeof an endoscope through the service channel opening 11302 through thecombined channel 11313 and subsequently via the working channel opening11306 due to the wider angle of portion 11316 compared to the anglefound between portions 11204 and 11212 of 11200, as described in detailabove with respect to FIG. 112. The length of the combined channel 11313is adapted to allow a medical tool to be inserted into the insertiontube without harming the functionality of the device and allows for awider angle therein so that the physician does not need to exert forcewhen pushing the medical tool into the scope.

As seen in the cross-sectional internal view of the connector 11300shown in FIG. 113E, the suction channel 11304 tapers and is thus reducedin diameter, along the longitudinal axis of the connector 11300.Referring to FIG. 113E, in an embodiment, the service channel 11302 aand the suction channel 11304 a are partially separated by a wall 11327that defines the bordering outlines of service channel 11302 a andsuction channel 11304 a. Note that wall 11327 does not create a closedchannel inside the connector 11300. The combined channel 11313 ends inthe working channel opening 11306 at the distal end 11303 b of theconnector 11300. Since the second section 11309 of the service channelconnector 11300 is fabricated using a milling process, all the internalwalls of the connector are smooth and do not contain any roughportions/niches where residue might accumulate leading to contamination.

In an embodiment, the two sections 11307, 11309 of the service channelconnector 11300 may be fabricated using an injection molding process,using materials suitable for the process such as metals, polymers, etc.

In an embodiment, the circular service channel opening 11302 has aninternal diameter measuring approximately in the range of 2.5-8millimeters, for insertion of medical instruments, such as snares,needles, biopsy forceps etc., into an insertion tube. Hence, theinternal diameter of the working channel 11306 in the Y-shaped connector11300 is greater than the internal diameter of the working channel ofthe conventional connector 11200 shown in FIG. 112. Due to thecombination of a larger diameter of working channel 11306 and theY-shape resulting from the long combined channel 11313 provided in theconnector 11300, large medical instruments, measuring approximately 2.8millimeters, may also be smoothly inserted into the insertion tube of anendoscope.

FIG. 113F illustrates a cross-sectional view of the first section 11307of the service channel connector showing edges that are welded, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification. As shown,the first section 11307 comprises a region 11330 running along an edgeadjacent to portion 11308 b of front wall 11308; a region 11332 runningalong an edge adjacent to portion 11310 b of back wall 11310; and aregion 11334 which is a top/proximal portion of wall 11327. In anembodiment, the length and width of regions 11330, 11332 and 11334 areadapted to provide a larger diameter service channel 11302 a, suctionchannel 11304 a and working channel 11306.

FIG. 113G illustrates another cross-sectional view of the second section11309 of the service channel connector 11300 showing edges that arewelded, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification.As shown the second section 11309 comprises a region 11336 running alongan edge adjacent to a portion of portion 11308 b of front wall 11308; aregion 11338 running along an edge adjacent to a portion of 11310 b ofback wall 11310; and a region 11340 which is a top/proximal portion ofthe wall 11327. In an embodiment, the length and width of regions 11336,11338 and 11340 are adapted to provide a larger diameter service channel11302 a, suction channel 11304 a and working channel 11306.

After being precisely aligned, where region 11332 is aligned with region11338, region 11330 with region 11336, and region 11334 with region11340, said regions are joined together by using a process such as laserwelding.

Hence, the present specification provides a service channel connector,which, in one embodiment, is based on a two piece construction. Theconnector comprises two sections, both of which are constructedseparately using a machining process such as a milling process. Separateconstruction of the two parts ensures that the internal walls of theparts are smooth and do not contain any edges or grooves that may retainresidue. This enables the connector to be cleaned and disinfectedthoroughly. The two sections, which are mirror images of each other, areplaced on each other and are precisely aligned before being weldedtogether. The joining of the two sections is performed precisely in amanner that eliminates any visible edges or gaps along the joint line.Hence, the risk of accumulation of residue along the joined edge iseliminated, thereby eliminating risk of contamination of the connector.Further, since the service channel connector of the presentspecification is constructed using a milling process, a Y-shape having alonger length and/or larger diameter of service channel, as compared toprior art connectors, is obtained. This enables larger medicalinstruments to be smoothly inserted via the service channel withouthaving to increase the size of the connector substantially as comparedto prior art connectors.

The above examples are merely illustrative of the many applications ofthe system of present invention. Although only a few embodiments of thepresent invention have been described herein, it should be understoodthat the present invention might be embodied in many other specificforms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.Therefore, the present examples and embodiments are to be considered asillustrative and not restrictive, and the invention may be modifiedwithin the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:
 1. An assembly for a tip section of an endoscope, the assemblycomprising: a printed circuit board configured to move from a unfoldedconfiguration to a folded configuration, the printed circuit boardcomprising: a U-shaped carrier including a first arm, a second arm, anda base connecting the first arm to the second arm, a first stripconnected to the first arm, wherein the first strip is coplanar with thefirst arm in the unfolded configuration of the printed circuit board,and wherein the first strip extends transverse to the first arm in thefolded configuration of the printed circuit board, at least one panelprotruding from an edge portion of the first strip, wherein the at leastone panel is coplanar with the first strip in the unfolded configurationof the printed circuit board, and wherein the at least one panel extendstransverse to the first strip in the folded configuration of the printedcircuit board, and a second strip connected to the second arm, whereinthe second strip is coplanar with the second arm in the unfoldedconfiguration of the printed circuit board, wherein the second stripextends transverse to the second arm in the folded configuration of theprinted circuit board, and wherein the second strip extends parallel tothe first strip; at least one illuminator coupled to at least one of theU-shaped carrier and the at least one panel; at least one image sensorreceived between opposing edges of the printed circuit board with theprinted circuit board in the folded configuration; and a heat sinkconfigured to receive the printed circuit board.
 2. The assembly ofclaim 1, wherein the at least one illuminator is coupled to the at leastone panel.
 3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least oneilluminator includes a plurality of illuminators, wherein one of theplurality of illuminators is coupled to the U-shaped carrier and anotherone of the plurality of illuminators is coupled to the at least onepanel.
 4. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one panelincludes a plurality of panels protruding from the edge portion of thefirst strip.
 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one panelis at least one first panel, and wherein the printed circuit boardincludes at least one second panel protruding from an edge portion ofthe second strip.
 6. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising aplurality of illuminators coupled to the U-shaped carrier.
 7. Theassembly of claim 6, wherein the at least one panel is a plurality offirst panels protruding from the edge portion of the first strip, andthe printed circuit board includes a plurality of second panelsprotruding from an edge portion of the second strip, and wherein the atleast one illuminator is at least one front illuminator, and the printedcircuit board includes a plurality of side illuminators coupled to theplurality of first and second panels.
 8. The assembly of claim 1,wherein the heat sink includes at least one recess configured to receivethe at least one panel.
 9. An assembly for a tip section of anendoscope, the assembly comprising: a printed circuit board configuredto move from an unfolded configuration to a folded configuration, theprinted circuit board comprising: a carrier including a first arm, asecond arm, and a base connecting the first arm and the second arm, afirst strip connected to the first arm, a first panel connected to thefirst strip, a second strip connected to the second arm, and a secondpanel connected to the second strip, wherein in the folded configurationof the printed circuit board, the first and second strips extendtransverse to the carrier, the first panel extends transverse to thefirst strip, and the second panel extends transverse to the secondstrip; a plurality of illuminators, wherein each of the front carrier,the first panel, and the second panel has at least one illuminatormounted thereon; at least one image sensor, wherein the at least oneimage sensor is received between opposing edges of the printed circuitboard; and a heat sink configured to receive the printed circuit board.10. The assembly of claim 9, further comprising front illuminatorsmounted to the carrier, wherein at least one of the front illuminatorsis mounted to the first arm, at least another of the front illuminatorsis mounted to the second arm, and at least another of the frontilluminators is mounted to the base.
 11. The assembly of claim 9,wherein the printed circuit board further comprises a third panelconnected to the first strip, wherein the third panel has an illuminatorof the plurality of illuminators mounted thereon.
 12. The assembly ofclaim 11, wherein the printed circuit board further comprises a fourthpanel connected to the second strip, wherein the fourth panel has anilluminator of the plurality of illuminators mounted thereon.
 13. Theassembly of claim 9, wherein the illuminators mounted to the first andsecond panels face opposing directions.
 14. The assembly of claim 11,wherein the illuminators mounted to the first and second panels face adirection perpendicular to the direction the illuminator mounted to thecarrier.
 15. An assembly for a tip section of an endoscope, the assemblycomprising: a printed circuit board configured to move from an unfoldedconfiguration to a folded configuration, the printed circuit boardcomprising, when in the folded configuration: a distal planar portion,and at least one proximal planar portion, the at least one proximalplanar portion extending perpendicular to the distal planar portion; aheat sink configured to receive the printed circuit board, the heat sinkcomprising: a distal-facing end surface, a first side extendingproximally from the distal-facing end surface, a second side extendingproximally from the distal-facing end surface, wherein the first andsecond sides extend proximally from opposite sides of the distal-facingend surface, and at least one recess formed in at least one of the firstand second sides; wherein the heat sink receives the printed circuitboard such that the distal planar portion of the printed circuit boardcovers at least a portion of the distal-facing end surface of the heatsink, and the at least one proximal planar portion is received withinthe at least one recess of the heat sink.
 16. The assembly of claim 15,further comprising a plurality of illuminators, wherein at least oneilluminator is mounted to the distal planar portion of the printedcircuit board and at least one other illuminator is mounted to theproximal planar portion of the printed circuit board.
 17. The assemblyof claim 15, wherein the at least on recess includes a three-sided slot.18. The assembly of claim 15, wherein the plurality of proximal planarportions includes a plurality of pairs of proximal planar portions, andthe plurality of recesses includes a plurality of pairs of recesses. 19.The assembly of claim 15, wherein the heat sink further comprises atleast one aperture in at least one of the first and second sides, andthe at least one aperture receives at least one viewing element.
 20. Theassembly of claim 18, wherein the heat sink further comprises at leastone aperture between at least one pair of recesses and the aperturereceives at least one viewing element.